Objective: To compare the knowledge and attitude regarding pubertal changes among pre - adolescent girls before and after the pubertal preparedness program (PPP) in experimental and comparison group. Materials and methods: A Quasi experimental (non- equivalent comparison group pretest posttest) design was adopted with 104pre-adolescentgirls (52 in each experimental and comparison group) of age 12-14years, selected by purposive sampling from two different Government schools of Ambala District. Knowledge and attitude was assessed using structured knowledge questionnaire (KR-20 = 0.74) and 5 point likert scale (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79) respectively. On the same day of pretest, PPP was administered and on 12th day FAQs reinforcement session was held only for experimental group. After 28 days, posttest was taken. Results: The computed t value of pretest of knowledge and attitude scores of pre-adolescent girls (1.97), (1.95) respectively in experimental and comparison group was found non-significant at 0.05 level of significance which shows that both group didn't differ significantly in their knowledge and attitude before the administration of intervention. Findings of unpaired 't' value of posttest knowledge and attitude scores of pre-adolescent girls (19.77), (17.17) respectively in experimental and comparison group were found significant at 0.05 level of significance, Thus knowledge and attitude of pre-adolescent girls were improved with PPP and FAQs session. Conclusion: Pubertal preparedness program and FAQs reinforcement session are effective in enhancing knowledge and developing favorable attitude among pre-adolescent girls.
{"title":"Evaluating the Effectiveness of Pubertal Preparedness Program in Terms of Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Pubertal Changes Among Pre-Adolescent Girls.","authors":"Manisha Rani, Poonam Sheoran, Yogesh Kumar, Navjyot Singh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To compare the knowledge and attitude regarding pubertal changes among pre - adolescent girls before and after the pubertal preparedness program (PPP) in experimental and comparison group. <b>Materials and methods:</b> A Quasi experimental (non- equivalent comparison group pretest posttest) design was adopted with 104pre-adolescentgirls (52 in each experimental and comparison group) of age 12-14years, selected by purposive sampling from two different Government schools of Ambala District. Knowledge and attitude was assessed using structured knowledge questionnaire (KR-20 = 0.74) and 5 point likert scale (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79) respectively. On the same day of pretest, PPP was administered and on 12<sup>th</sup> day FAQs reinforcement session was held only for experimental group. After 28 days, posttest was taken. <b>Results:</b> The computed t value of pretest of knowledge and attitude scores of pre-adolescent girls (1.97), (1.95) respectively in experimental and comparison group was found non-significant at 0.05 level of significance which shows that both group didn't differ significantly in their knowledge and attitude before the administration of intervention. Findings of unpaired 't' value of posttest knowledge and attitude scores of pre-adolescent girls (19.77), (17.17) respectively in experimental and comparison group were found significant at 0.05 level of significance, Thus knowledge and attitude of pre-adolescent girls were improved with PPP and FAQs session. <b>Conclusion:</b> Pubertal preparedness program and FAQs reinforcement session are effective in enhancing knowledge and developing favorable attitude among pre-adolescent girls.</p>","PeriodicalId":15845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family and Reproductive Health","volume":"10 3","pages":"122-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5241356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The Maternal Mortality Ratio is an important health indicator. We presented the distribution and causes of maternal mortality in Islamic Republic of Iran. Materials and methods: After provision of an electronic Registry system for date entry, a descriptive-retrospective data collection had been performed for all maternal Deaths in March 2009- March 2012. All maternal deaths and their demographic characteristic were identified by using medical registries, death certificates, and relevant codes according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) during pregnancy, labor, and 42 days after parturition. Results: During 3 years, there were 5094317 deliveries and 941 maternal deaths (MMR of 18.5 per 1000000 live births). We had access to pertained data of 896 cases (95.2%) for review in our study. Of 896 reported deaths, 549 were classified as direct, 302 as indirect and 45 as unknown. Hemorrhage was the most common cause of maternal mortality, followed by Preeclampsia, Eclampsia and sepsis. Among all indirect causes, cardio -vascular diseases were responsible for 10% of maternal deaths, followed by thromboembolism, HTN and renal diseases. Conclusion: Although maternal mortality ratio in IRI could be comparable with the developed countries but its pattern is following developing countries and with this study we had provided reliable data for other prospective studies.
{"title":"Maternal Mortality Ratio and Causes of Death in IRI Between 2009 and 2012.","authors":"Marzieh Vahiddastjerdy, Nasrin Changizi, Abas Habibollahi, Leila Janani, Zahra Farahani, Farah Babaee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The Maternal Mortality Ratio is an important health indicator. We presented the distribution and causes of maternal mortality in Islamic Republic of Iran. <b>Materials and methods:</b> After provision of an electronic Registry system for date entry, a descriptive-retrospective data collection had been performed for all maternal Deaths in March 2009- March 2012. All maternal deaths and their demographic characteristic were identified by using medical registries, death certificates, and relevant codes according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) during pregnancy, labor, and 42 days after parturition. <b>Results:</b> During 3 years, there were 5094317 deliveries and 941 maternal deaths (MMR of 18.5 per 1000000 live births). We had access to pertained data of 896 cases (95.2%) for review in our study. Of 896 reported deaths, 549 were classified as direct, 302 as indirect and 45 as unknown<b>.</b> Hemorrhage was the most common cause of maternal mortality, followed by Preeclampsia, Eclampsia and sepsis<b>.</b> Among all indirect causes, cardio -vascular diseases were responsible for 10% of maternal deaths, followed by thromboembolism, HTN and renal diseases. <b>Conclusion:</b> Although maternal mortality ratio in IRI could be comparable with the developed countries but its pattern is following developing countries and with this study we had provided reliable data for other prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family and Reproductive Health","volume":"10 3","pages":"154-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5241360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zohreh Arefi, Davod Hekamatpou, Mohammad Ali Orouji, Zahra Shaahmadi, Giti Khushemehri, Faramarz Shaahmadi
Objective: Over the past two decades, the incidence of cesarean section in most countries has increased. Cesarean section increases the risk of death and complications in the mother and fetus. Educational interventions based on behavior change models can play an important role in reduce the rate of cesarean section. The aim of our study is investigation the effect of educational intervention based on BASNEF Model on decreasing of cesarean section rate among pregnant women in Khomain County, from June to November 2013.
Materials and methods: In this interventional study, 140 nulliparous women who were in their last trimester of pregnancy were randomly allocated to case and control groups. Data gathering instrument was a questionnaire based on BASNEF framework. Data were analyzed by SPSS 14 software.
Results: The scores of knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors in the intervention group than the control group showed a significant difference (p < 0.001). After the study, it was found that 18 women (25.7%) in case group and 42 women (60%) in the control group underwent cesarean section. By Chi-square test showed that the difference in the type of delivery between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Design and implement curriculum based on BASNEF can be effective in reducing elective cesarean section.
{"title":"The Effect of Educational Intervention based on BASNEF Model on Decreasing the Cesarean Section Rate among Pregnant Women in Khomain Country.","authors":"Zohreh Arefi, Davod Hekamatpou, Mohammad Ali Orouji, Zahra Shaahmadi, Giti Khushemehri, Faramarz Shaahmadi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Over the past two decades, the incidence of cesarean section in most countries has increased. Cesarean section increases the risk of death and complications in the mother and fetus. Educational interventions based on behavior change models can play an important role in reduce the rate of cesarean section. The aim of our study is investigation the effect of educational intervention based on BASNEF Model on decreasing of cesarean section rate among pregnant women in Khomain County, from June to November 2013.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this interventional study, 140 nulliparous women who were in their last trimester of pregnancy were randomly allocated to case and control groups. Data gathering instrument was a questionnaire based on BASNEF framework. Data were analyzed by SPSS 14 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The scores of knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors in the intervention group than the control group showed a significant difference (p < 0.001). After the study, it was found that 18 women (25.7%) in case group and 42 women (60%) in the control group underwent cesarean section. By Chi-square test showed that the difference in the type of delivery between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Design and implement curriculum based on BASNEF can be effective in reducing elective cesarean section.</p>","PeriodicalId":15845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family and Reproductive Health","volume":"9 3","pages":"101-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4662752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140193971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-09-01DOI: 10.1097/01258363-201209000-00041
M. Delaram, F. Aein
Objective: To study maternal and neonatal outcomes, the nulliparous women submitted to a training program in third trimester. Materials and methods: This randomized controlled trial was carried out on 64 nulliparous pregnant women divided into two groups according to their participation including; training group; n=34 or not; n=34. The program consisted of 8 meetings (between the 28 th and the 40 th gestational week) during which educational activities were developed. The control group received the standard care. Maternal and neonatal outcomes also were recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16, and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: There was no significant difference in age and body mass index in both groups, but a significant difference was found in both the gestational age based on last menstrual period (LMP), and ultrasonography, as well as in the cervix dilatation at the time the women arrived for delivery in both groups (P<0.05).The difference was also significant in the reasons of admission in hospital (P=0.04), oxytocin induction (P=0.01), mode of delivery (P=0.01), and gestational age of infants based on physical examination in both groups. Birth outcomes were also similar in both groups and no adverse effects of the interaction were found. Conclusion: Antenatal training program in nulliparous women was associated with arriving at maternity ward in active labor, decreasing oxytocin induction, and cesarean section and increasing the gestational age of infants based on physical examination, Training program offered to pregnant women by midwives, is an important low-technology health promotion tool, and may be performed at low cost in most settings . Whether these results also apply to multiparous women or not, requires additional studies.
{"title":"The Effects of Antenatal Training Sessions on Prenatal Outcomes","authors":"M. Delaram, F. Aein","doi":"10.1097/01258363-201209000-00041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01258363-201209000-00041","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study maternal and neonatal outcomes, the nulliparous women submitted to a training program in third trimester. Materials and methods: This randomized controlled trial was carried out on 64 nulliparous pregnant women divided into two groups according to their participation including; training group; n=34 or not; n=34. The program consisted of 8 meetings (between the 28 th and the 40 th gestational week) during which educational activities were developed. The control group received the standard care. Maternal and neonatal outcomes also were recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16, and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: There was no significant difference in age and body mass index in both groups, but a significant difference was found in both the gestational age based on last menstrual period (LMP), and ultrasonography, as well as in the cervix dilatation at the time the women arrived for delivery in both groups (P<0.05).The difference was also significant in the reasons of admission in hospital (P=0.04), oxytocin induction (P=0.01), mode of delivery (P=0.01), and gestational age of infants based on physical examination in both groups. Birth outcomes were also similar in both groups and no adverse effects of the interaction were found. Conclusion: Antenatal training program in nulliparous women was associated with arriving at maternity ward in active labor, decreasing oxytocin induction, and cesarean section and increasing the gestational age of infants based on physical examination, Training program offered to pregnant women by midwives, is an important low-technology health promotion tool, and may be performed at low cost in most settings . Whether these results also apply to multiparous women or not, requires additional studies.","PeriodicalId":15845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family and Reproductive Health","volume":"59 1","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73365658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-14DOI: 10.4172/2161-038X.1000103
A. Hashmi, J. Soomro, Z. Iqbal, T. Soomro, K. Saleem
Objective: To compare maternal complications and labor outcome in obese and non-obese women. Materials and methods: It is a retrospective comparative study conducted at the Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Unit 1, Civil Hospital, Karachi from December 2008 to December 2009. A sample size of 220 gravid women is selected by Non Probability Convenience sampling technique. In these 110 obese women as cases was compared with 110 non-obese women as controls, booked at <20 weeks of gestation. Data were collected regarding maternal complication, mode of delivery and neonatal outcome by trained medical officers. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS version 11.0 through descriptive analysis, chi-square test and independent sample t test. The p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Pregnancy induced hypertension was present in 9 (8.2%) women in control group and 21 (19.1%) in cases ( p =0.01). Gestational diabetes was seen in one (0.9%) in control compared to 8 (7.3%) in obese women ( p =0.01). Obese women were found to be at increased risk of caesarean section [17 (15.5%) Vs. 39 (35.4%), p =0.002]. Apgar score at 1 and 10 minute were lower in cases compared to controls ( p =0.0001). Conclusion: Obese women are at increased risk of pregnancy induced obesity and associated with an increased risk of hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, thromboembolic disease and urinary tract infection.
{"title":"Maternal Obesity: A Global Health Problem and It's Implications on Maternal and Fetal Health","authors":"A. Hashmi, J. Soomro, Z. Iqbal, T. Soomro, K. Saleem","doi":"10.4172/2161-038X.1000103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-038X.1000103","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare maternal complications and labor outcome in obese and non-obese women. Materials and methods: It is a retrospective comparative study conducted at the Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Unit 1, Civil Hospital, Karachi from December 2008 to December 2009. A sample size of 220 gravid women is selected by Non Probability Convenience sampling technique. In these 110 obese women as cases was compared with 110 non-obese women as controls, booked at <20 weeks of gestation. Data were collected regarding maternal complication, mode of delivery and neonatal outcome by trained medical officers. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS version 11.0 through descriptive analysis, chi-square test and independent sample t test. The p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Pregnancy induced hypertension was present in 9 (8.2%) women in control group and 21 (19.1%) in cases ( p =0.01). Gestational diabetes was seen in one (0.9%) in control compared to 8 (7.3%) in obese women ( p =0.01). Obese women were found to be at increased risk of caesarean section [17 (15.5%) Vs. 39 (35.4%), p =0.002]. Apgar score at 1 and 10 minute were lower in cases compared to controls ( p =0.0001). Conclusion: Obese women are at increased risk of pregnancy induced obesity and associated with an increased risk of hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, thromboembolic disease and urinary tract infection.","PeriodicalId":15845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family and Reproductive Health","volume":"98 1 1","pages":"155-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89549070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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