Cell phones are a relatively novel and evolving technology. Mobile communication is now essentially ruling in our daily activities through better connectivity and intelligent, smart phone services. While the potential benefits of this technology continue to emerge, so do the potential health risks. There is increasing concern that the use of mobile phones may be associated with decreased semen quality and infertility. The most sensitive tissues to the damaging effects of cell phones are testicular tissues through increased oxidative stress, heating and radiation. Cell phone radiation may negatively affect sperm quality in men by decreasing the semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm count, motility, and viability, thus impairing male fertility. This should be supported by mass media to raise awareness among people regarding the possible health effects of radiofrequency emissions from mobile phones and to minimize its exposure. This study is a brief review of the recent data about the effect of cell phones in male infertility.
{"title":"Cell phone and male infertility: An update","authors":"M. El-Hamd, S. Aboeldahab","doi":"10.4103/JINA.JINA_34_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JINA.JINA_34_17","url":null,"abstract":"Cell phones are a relatively novel and evolving technology. Mobile communication is now essentially ruling in our daily activities through better connectivity and intelligent, smart phone services. While the potential benefits of this technology continue to emerge, so do the potential health risks. There is increasing concern that the use of mobile phones may be associated with decreased semen quality and infertility. The most sensitive tissues to the damaging effects of cell phones are testicular tissues through increased oxidative stress, heating and radiation. Cell phone radiation may negatively affect sperm quality in men by decreasing the semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm count, motility, and viability, thus impairing male fertility. This should be supported by mass media to raise awareness among people regarding the possible health effects of radiofrequency emissions from mobile phones and to minimize its exposure. This study is a brief review of the recent data about the effect of cell phones in male infertility.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131381036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Dineshkumar, J. Dhanapriya, S. Murugananth, Dhanikachalam Surendar, R. Sakthirajan, D. Rajasekar, T. Balasubramaniyan, N. Gopalakrishnan
Background and Objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the major complications of snake envenomation, especially in the developing countries. The most common renal histology in snakebite-induced AKI is acute tubular injury (ATI), but acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is rarely reported. Materials and Methods: We did a prospective observational study between January 2012 and May 2017 to analyze the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, response to treatment, and outcome of patients with snakebite-induced AIN. Results: About twenty patients were included in the study with mean follow-up of 24 ± 6 months. Of them, 6 (30%) were males. Mean age was 50.9 ± 22.1 years. All the patients received anti-snake venom. AKI developed after a mean duration of 24.1 ± 11.2 h and 15 patients were oliguric. Cellulitis was seen in 65% of patients, anemia in 65%, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia in 40%, and coagulopathy in 80%. Mean peak serum creatinine was 7.8 ± 3.2 mg/dL. Peripheral eosinophilia was seen in 7 (35%) patients. All the patients were managed with hemodialysis and all except one received oral steroids. Six patients (30%) progressed to chronic kidney disease (CKD) with mean follow-up creatinine of 1.49 ± 0.8 mg/dL. Conclusion: It is prudent to do renal biopsy in patients with snakebite-induced AKI when there is a suspicion of pathology other than ATI. Identification and treatment of AIN with steroid will avoid progression to CKD which has an impact on growing health burden in tropical countries.
{"title":"Snake envenomation-induced acute interstitial nephritis","authors":"T. Dineshkumar, J. Dhanapriya, S. Murugananth, Dhanikachalam Surendar, R. Sakthirajan, D. Rajasekar, T. Balasubramaniyan, N. Gopalakrishnan","doi":"10.4103/JINA.JINA_27_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JINA.JINA_27_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the major complications of snake envenomation, especially in the developing countries. The most common renal histology in snakebite-induced AKI is acute tubular injury (ATI), but acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is rarely reported. Materials and Methods: We did a prospective observational study between January 2012 and May 2017 to analyze the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, response to treatment, and outcome of patients with snakebite-induced AIN. Results: About twenty patients were included in the study with mean follow-up of 24 ± 6 months. Of them, 6 (30%) were males. Mean age was 50.9 ± 22.1 years. All the patients received anti-snake venom. AKI developed after a mean duration of 24.1 ± 11.2 h and 15 patients were oliguric. Cellulitis was seen in 65% of patients, anemia in 65%, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia in 40%, and coagulopathy in 80%. Mean peak serum creatinine was 7.8 ± 3.2 mg/dL. Peripheral eosinophilia was seen in 7 (35%) patients. All the patients were managed with hemodialysis and all except one received oral steroids. Six patients (30%) progressed to chronic kidney disease (CKD) with mean follow-up creatinine of 1.49 ± 0.8 mg/dL. Conclusion: It is prudent to do renal biopsy in patients with snakebite-induced AKI when there is a suspicion of pathology other than ATI. Identification and treatment of AIN with steroid will avoid progression to CKD which has an impact on growing health burden in tropical countries.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126491253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiangchen Gu, Shisheng Han, Zhenyu Xu, J. Cen, Min Chen, Yi Wang
Objectives: To identify a better animal model that more closely mimics early renal interstitial fibrosis induced by long-term recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI), as occurs in humans, three different murine models were compared. Methods: Three different murine models of upper UTI were established, including direct injection of bacteria into renal tissues, ascending urinary infection with partial unilateral ureteric obstruction, and repeated infusion of bacteria into the bladder. The histopathology of the kidneys was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression were used for the detection of fibrosis. Results: All three models developed different levels of inflammation in the kidney. However, in contrast to the severe renal interstitial fibrosis in the other two models, the model of repeated infusion of bacteria into the bladder demonstrated early renal interstitial fibrosis by Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry for α-SMA. Conclusions: The model of repeated infusion of bacteria into the bladder developed low levels of renal interstitial fibrosis, which resembles the early tissue damage in the kidney induced by recurrent UTI s in humans. This model may therefore offer a better way to study the early therapeutic intervention of renal interstitial fibrosis caused by inflammation.
{"title":"Comparison of renal interstitial fibrosis induced by different animal models of urinary tract infection","authors":"Xiangchen Gu, Shisheng Han, Zhenyu Xu, J. Cen, Min Chen, Yi Wang","doi":"10.4103/JINA.JINA_35_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JINA.JINA_35_17","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To identify a better animal model that more closely mimics early renal interstitial fibrosis induced by long-term recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI), as occurs in humans, three different murine models were compared. Methods: Three different murine models of upper UTI were established, including direct injection of bacteria into renal tissues, ascending urinary infection with partial unilateral ureteric obstruction, and repeated infusion of bacteria into the bladder. The histopathology of the kidneys was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression were used for the detection of fibrosis. Results: All three models developed different levels of inflammation in the kidney. However, in contrast to the severe renal interstitial fibrosis in the other two models, the model of repeated infusion of bacteria into the bladder demonstrated early renal interstitial fibrosis by Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry for α-SMA. Conclusions: The model of repeated infusion of bacteria into the bladder developed low levels of renal interstitial fibrosis, which resembles the early tissue damage in the kidney induced by recurrent UTI s in humans. This model may therefore offer a better way to study the early therapeutic intervention of renal interstitial fibrosis caused by inflammation.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131616348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mritunjay Kumar, A. Sharma, Sandipan Sirkar, A. Saun
Dense deposit disease (DDD), previously known as membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type 2, is an extremely rare disease affecting two to three people per million. The rarity of this disease makes it difficult for clinicians to establish evidence-based clinical practices for its management. Here, we report a case of DDD who presented with features of acute nephritic syndrome and did not respond to most of the treatment options available in literature.
{"title":"Dense deposit disease: An ultra-rare c3 glomerulopathy in children","authors":"Mritunjay Kumar, A. Sharma, Sandipan Sirkar, A. Saun","doi":"10.4103/JINA.JINA_24_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JINA.JINA_24_17","url":null,"abstract":"Dense deposit disease (DDD), previously known as membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type 2, is an extremely rare disease affecting two to three people per million. The rarity of this disease makes it difficult for clinicians to establish evidence-based clinical practices for its management. Here, we report a case of DDD who presented with features of acute nephritic syndrome and did not respond to most of the treatment options available in literature.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116849792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tanaka, Yu Watanabe, Takahiro Mizukawa, Hibiki Shinjo, K. Koike, Y. Otsuka, A. Takeda
Background and Objectives: The importance of arteriosclerotic diseases has increased in recent years owing to population aging. Increased in the incidence of catheter intervention and vascular surgery has also resulted in a corresponding increase of cholesterol crystal embolism (CCE). Patients with chronic kidney disease are often diagnosed with arteriosclerotic disease. Although the severity of CCE varies widely, because it exacerbates renal function, treatment options should be established based on CCE severity. Methods: In this retrospective study, we examined 43 patients (37 men and 6 women; mean age, 74.9 ± 7.2 years) who were admitted to our department from 2002 to 2017 because of deteriorating renal functions. We assessed these patients at admission and followed up 1-year later. Results: The causes of CCE included treatment for ischemic heart disease (41.9%), aortic aneurysm (23.3%), and the administration of warfarin (11.6%). Thirty-one patients (72.1%) were diagnosed pathologically. The mean level of creatinine (Cr) at baseline was 1.84 ± 0.83 mg/dL. The mean level of Cr on admission was 4.90 ± 2.2 mg/dL. Steroid therapy was performed in 27 patients (62.8%) and lipoprotein apheresis was performed in one patient (2.3%). During the observational period, 9 patients (20.9%) died and the increase in Cr rates was significantly higher in these individuals (P = 0.0044). After adjustment for various factors, the Cr increase rate was significantly related to mortality (hazard ratio: 2.9581, 95% confidence interval: 1.1179–7.8271, P = 0.0289). Conclusion: The deterioration rate of renal function is associated with mortality in patients with CCE, which is accompanied by renal manifestation.
{"title":"Deterioration of renal function is associated with increased mortality in patients with cholesterol crystal embolism","authors":"A. Tanaka, Yu Watanabe, Takahiro Mizukawa, Hibiki Shinjo, K. Koike, Y. Otsuka, A. Takeda","doi":"10.4103/jina.jina_28_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jina.jina_28_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: The importance of arteriosclerotic diseases has increased in recent years owing to population aging. Increased in the incidence of catheter intervention and vascular surgery has also resulted in a corresponding increase of cholesterol crystal embolism (CCE). Patients with chronic kidney disease are often diagnosed with arteriosclerotic disease. Although the severity of CCE varies widely, because it exacerbates renal function, treatment options should be established based on CCE severity. Methods: In this retrospective study, we examined 43 patients (37 men and 6 women; mean age, 74.9 ± 7.2 years) who were admitted to our department from 2002 to 2017 because of deteriorating renal functions. We assessed these patients at admission and followed up 1-year later. Results: The causes of CCE included treatment for ischemic heart disease (41.9%), aortic aneurysm (23.3%), and the administration of warfarin (11.6%). Thirty-one patients (72.1%) were diagnosed pathologically. The mean level of creatinine (Cr) at baseline was 1.84 ± 0.83 mg/dL. The mean level of Cr on admission was 4.90 ± 2.2 mg/dL. Steroid therapy was performed in 27 patients (62.8%) and lipoprotein apheresis was performed in one patient (2.3%). During the observational period, 9 patients (20.9%) died and the increase in Cr rates was significantly higher in these individuals (P = 0.0044). After adjustment for various factors, the Cr increase rate was significantly related to mortality (hazard ratio: 2.9581, 95% confidence interval: 1.1179–7.8271, P = 0.0289). Conclusion: The deterioration rate of renal function is associated with mortality in patients with CCE, which is accompanied by renal manifestation.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115438654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review aims to discuss the current evidence about the role of two biomarkers in pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI)-uromodulin (UMOD) and YKL-40 (a glycoprotein whose name is derived from the three N-terminal amino acids present on the secreted form and its molecular size of 40 kDa). Several novel biomarkers have been used in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of AKI. UMOD and YKL-40 or chitinase 3-like protein 1 have recently attracted scientific interest as potential biomarkers in the disease. Although UMOD has long been recognized as a marker of tubular health, it was only in the recent past that its functional role in health and disease began to be understood. The finding of low levels of the biomarker in AKI supports the recent discovery that it plays a protective rather than an instigatory role in the disease. Evidence synthesized from the reviewed studies suggests that urine UMOD levels are negatively correlated with AKI risk. Moreover, increased serum UMOD may also be used as a prognostic biomarker for recovery from AKI. On the other hand, YKL-40 (although a multidisease biomarker) has been shown to play a predictive and prognostic role in AKI, its levels being positively correlated with disease risk. Large prospective studies are however required to confirm these results and to assess the clinical utility of estimating UMOD and YKL-40 levels as well as the therapeutic implications of their altered levels.
{"title":"Uromodulin and YKL-40 as biomarkers in pediatric acute kidney injury: A review of current evidence","authors":"S. Uwaezuoke","doi":"10.4103/JINA.JINA_19_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JINA.JINA_19_17","url":null,"abstract":"This review aims to discuss the current evidence about the role of two biomarkers in pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI)-uromodulin (UMOD) and YKL-40 (a glycoprotein whose name is derived from the three N-terminal amino acids present on the secreted form and its molecular size of 40 kDa). Several novel biomarkers have been used in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of AKI. UMOD and YKL-40 or chitinase 3-like protein 1 have recently attracted scientific interest as potential biomarkers in the disease. Although UMOD has long been recognized as a marker of tubular health, it was only in the recent past that its functional role in health and disease began to be understood. The finding of low levels of the biomarker in AKI supports the recent discovery that it plays a protective rather than an instigatory role in the disease. Evidence synthesized from the reviewed studies suggests that urine UMOD levels are negatively correlated with AKI risk. Moreover, increased serum UMOD may also be used as a prognostic biomarker for recovery from AKI. On the other hand, YKL-40 (although a multidisease biomarker) has been shown to play a predictive and prognostic role in AKI, its levels being positively correlated with disease risk. Large prospective studies are however required to confirm these results and to assess the clinical utility of estimating UMOD and YKL-40 levels as well as the therapeutic implications of their altered levels.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133032633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Elaziz El-Gamasy, M. Abdelhafez, M. Barr, M. Mehrez, M. Nassar, Mohsen M Eldeeb, M. Abdelmageed
Background and Objectives: It is important to distinguish steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) from steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) to avoid initial full dose steroid therapy in the latter. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI) even on top of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim is to determine urinary NGAL level in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) as a prognostic factor for INS, it can predict steroid resistance early in the course of INS. Subjects and Methods: The present study was carried out on ninety children with INS who were admitted in Pediatric Nephrology Unit of Tanta University Hospital. Thirty healthy children of the same age and sex served as control group. The subjects were subdivided into three groups: Group 1 (SSNS), Group 2 (SRNS), and Group 3 (controls). Patients and controls were subjected to clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations which included 24 h urinary collection for urinary volume and protein, complete blood count, serum cholesterol, serum albumin, blood urea, serum creatinine, and urinary NGAL measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: There was a significant increase in uNGAL levels in SRNS when compared with SSNS or controls. There was no significant difference in uNGAL levels between Group 1 and Group 3. ROC curve of uNGAL to predict SRNS had cutoff value >315 at the area under the curve 0.9, sensitivity 86.7%, and specificity 93.3%. There was a significant positive correlation between urinary NGAL level and age of patients and disease duration and serum creatinine level. Conclusions: Urinary NGAL can predict SRNS in INS in children.
{"title":"Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as prognostic biomarker for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in Egyptian children","authors":"Mohamed Elaziz El-Gamasy, M. Abdelhafez, M. Barr, M. Mehrez, M. Nassar, Mohsen M Eldeeb, M. Abdelmageed","doi":"10.4103/JINA.JINA_12_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JINA.JINA_12_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: It is important to distinguish steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) from steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) to avoid initial full dose steroid therapy in the latter. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI) even on top of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim is to determine urinary NGAL level in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) as a prognostic factor for INS, it can predict steroid resistance early in the course of INS. Subjects and Methods: The present study was carried out on ninety children with INS who were admitted in Pediatric Nephrology Unit of Tanta University Hospital. Thirty healthy children of the same age and sex served as control group. The subjects were subdivided into three groups: Group 1 (SSNS), Group 2 (SRNS), and Group 3 (controls). Patients and controls were subjected to clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations which included 24 h urinary collection for urinary volume and protein, complete blood count, serum cholesterol, serum albumin, blood urea, serum creatinine, and urinary NGAL measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: There was a significant increase in uNGAL levels in SRNS when compared with SSNS or controls. There was no significant difference in uNGAL levels between Group 1 and Group 3. ROC curve of uNGAL to predict SRNS had cutoff value >315 at the area under the curve 0.9, sensitivity 86.7%, and specificity 93.3%. There was a significant positive correlation between urinary NGAL level and age of patients and disease duration and serum creatinine level. Conclusions: Urinary NGAL can predict SRNS in INS in children.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133554499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mangaraj, A. Choudhury, B. Mohanty, A. Baliarsinha
Congenital anorchia represents a rare form of testicular disorder. It classically refers to the absence of unilateral or bilateral testes in an otherwise normal genetic male. It is usually diagnosed in infancy due to the absence of testes with or without evidence of micropenis during routine health screening of the child. However, it can be identified at late stages while the person is being evaluated for delayed puberty and primary hypogonadism. Early identification and differentiation from cryptorchidism are essential from a therapeutic point of view. Apart from imaging studies, hormonal evaluation plays a crucial role in establishing the diagnosis.
{"title":"Congenital anorchia: A report of two cases and a brief review of the literature","authors":"S. Mangaraj, A. Choudhury, B. Mohanty, A. Baliarsinha","doi":"10.4103/JINA.JINA_4_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JINA.JINA_4_17","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital anorchia represents a rare form of testicular disorder. It classically refers to the absence of unilateral or bilateral testes in an otherwise normal genetic male. It is usually diagnosed in infancy due to the absence of testes with or without evidence of micropenis during routine health screening of the child. However, it can be identified at late stages while the person is being evaluated for delayed puberty and primary hypogonadism. Early identification and differentiation from cryptorchidism are essential from a therapeutic point of view. Apart from imaging studies, hormonal evaluation plays a crucial role in establishing the diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126336173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Infections of urinary tract were considered as the most common hospital-acquired infections in hospitalized patients. Area-specific monitoring studies aimed to assess the prevalence of causative organisms of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and their responsiveness to different available antimicrobials in a sample of Arab children, which may help the clinician to choose the correct empirical treatment. We aimed to study the type of urinary pathogens isolated from hospitalized patients with first-episode UTI in our locality and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: Urine samples were collected from 320 clinically suspected cases of UTI from inpatient wards and outpatient clinic of Pediatric Department of Tanta University Hospital during the period from June 2016 to June 2017. The samples were tested microbiologically by standard procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated pathogens was tested for commonly used antibiotics by disc diffusion method according to hospital policy. Results: Significant bacteriuria was present in 75% of the samples, 16.25% were sterile, and 8.75% showed insignificant bacteriuria. The most common pathogens were Escherichia coli (55%), Klebsiella spp. (26.6%), and Proteus mirabilis (14.2%). The mean susceptibility was high for amikacin (85%), ceftriaxone (82%), cefotaxime (80%), nitrofurantoin (80%), and nalidixic acid (78%) but low for ampicillin (21%), cephalexin (30%), and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (37%). Conclusions: The antibiotics which are commonely used in UTIs such as trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole,ampicillin and cephalexin are not appropriate for embrical treatment of common UTIs.This may be attributed to high rate of bacterial resistance .Regular monitering of these patients is recommended to establish reliable information about patterns of urinary pathogens aiming optimal embrical therapy for children with UTI.
{"title":"Prevalence of infective organisms of infections of urinary tract in a sample of Arab infants and children","authors":"Mohamed A El-Gamasy","doi":"10.4103/JINA.JINA_21_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JINA.JINA_21_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infections of urinary tract were considered as the most common hospital-acquired infections in hospitalized patients. Area-specific monitoring studies aimed to assess the prevalence of causative organisms of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and their responsiveness to different available antimicrobials in a sample of Arab children, which may help the clinician to choose the correct empirical treatment. We aimed to study the type of urinary pathogens isolated from hospitalized patients with first-episode UTI in our locality and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: Urine samples were collected from 320 clinically suspected cases of UTI from inpatient wards and outpatient clinic of Pediatric Department of Tanta University Hospital during the period from June 2016 to June 2017. The samples were tested microbiologically by standard procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated pathogens was tested for commonly used antibiotics by disc diffusion method according to hospital policy. Results: Significant bacteriuria was present in 75% of the samples, 16.25% were sterile, and 8.75% showed insignificant bacteriuria. The most common pathogens were Escherichia coli (55%), Klebsiella spp. (26.6%), and Proteus mirabilis (14.2%). The mean susceptibility was high for amikacin (85%), ceftriaxone (82%), cefotaxime (80%), nitrofurantoin (80%), and nalidixic acid (78%) but low for ampicillin (21%), cephalexin (30%), and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (37%). Conclusions: The antibiotics which are commonely used in UTIs such as trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole,ampicillin and cephalexin are not appropriate for embrical treatment of common UTIs.This may be attributed to high rate of bacterial resistance .Regular monitering of these patients is recommended to establish reliable information about patterns of urinary pathogens aiming optimal embrical therapy for children with UTI.","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123542912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Renal dysfunction after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: Are the current guidelines too relaxed and deliberately extrapolated?","authors":"S. Kar","doi":"10.4103/jina.jina_25_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jina.jina_25_17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":158840,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Nephrology and Andrology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129807273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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