Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8799
S. Mathurin, Touré Mamadou, E. Blandine, Kouabena Kossia Edith-Thérèse
The erosion of sandy coasts has become a major concern for coastal populations, private investors and governments. In Côte d'Ivoire, several studies have been carried out to better understand the mechanisms of this hazard on coastal morphologies. So our knowledge of tidal shoreline morphologies on microtidal coasts such as those of Côte d'Ivoire reveals two trends: erosion of the foreshore near high tide, and a deepening near low tide, or a deepening near high tide and an erosion near low tide, depending on the part of the foreshore. The contribution of hydrodynamic parameters, in particular significant swell height and theoretical tide, explains these trends, although not exhaustively. Water content in sediment was analyzed to understand its impact on shoreline morphologies resulting from the action of hydrodynamic forcing. To this end, two altimetric surveys synchronized with sedimentological monitoring of the submerged foreshore in coarse and fine sand facies were carried out at Port Bouët and Assouindé on the Ivorian coast. These studies showed that erosion occurs at times of high water content, when saturation in the sediment is reached. This observation was clearly evident on coarse sand facies, but less so on fine sand facies. The fine sand facies has a greater capacity to absorb water and therefore remains less vulnerable to foreshore erosion. Granulometry is therefore a parameter that influences the morphological response of beaches.
{"title":"Influence of the Water Content of Foreshore Sediments in the Tidal Morphological Construction Process: Coarse Sand and Fine Sand Facies in Port-bouët and Assouinde Coastal Sectors Case, Cote-d'ivoire","authors":"S. Mathurin, Touré Mamadou, E. Blandine, Kouabena Kossia Edith-Thérèse","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8799","url":null,"abstract":"The erosion of sandy coasts has become a major concern for coastal populations, private investors and governments. In Côte d'Ivoire, several studies have been carried out to better understand the mechanisms of this hazard on coastal morphologies. So our knowledge of tidal shoreline morphologies on microtidal coasts such as those of Côte d'Ivoire reveals two trends: erosion of the foreshore near high tide, and a deepening near low tide, or a deepening near high tide and an erosion near low tide, depending on the part of the foreshore. The contribution of hydrodynamic parameters, in particular significant swell height and theoretical tide, explains these trends, although not exhaustively. Water content in sediment was analyzed to understand its impact on shoreline morphologies resulting from the action of hydrodynamic forcing. To this end, two altimetric surveys synchronized with sedimentological monitoring of the submerged foreshore in coarse and fine sand facies were carried out at Port Bouët and Assouindé on the Ivorian coast. These studies showed that erosion occurs at times of high water content, when saturation in the sediment is reached. This observation was clearly evident on coarse sand facies, but less so on fine sand facies. The fine sand facies has a greater capacity to absorb water and therefore remains less vulnerable to foreshore erosion. Granulometry is therefore a parameter that influences the morphological response of beaches.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8797
E. S. Diabé, Dangna Evrard Ningaïna Langwasna, Ousmane Zigla Doubakoum
Sahelian cities, in their overall designs, evolve over time, and are characterized by a complex urban livestock system which overturns certain components of the environment more quickly and has a negative impact on the human health of city dwellers. This study was conducted in the intra-urban environment of the city of Maroua. The objective is to contribute to understanding the impacts of intra-urban livestock farming on the biophysical environment and on the health of the population in order to propose solutions that will reduce its harmful effects. A survey of 211 households was conducted to acquire data on the practice of this activity. Through the survey sheets, the interview guide, the defecation monitoring sheets of cattle, goats and sheep, the breeding inventory sheets and observations, the study reveals that: this breeding is characterized by a poor condition but the breeding of cattle (13.3%), goats (35.1%) and sheep (22.3%) are represented in the study area. This activity is influenced by natural and human factors. The main livestock stakeholders are dominated by men (83.41%) and women (16.59%). Poor breeding practices lead to air pollution, soil degradation and water pollution through methane emissions (421,443.6 kg of CH4/year in cattle and 37,676.76 kg of CH4/year in sheep and goats) and carbon dioxide emissions (579484.94 Kg of CO2/year in cattle and 51805.54 Kg of CO2/year in sheep and goats). The activity harms human health and social ties between neighbors gradually deteriorate. Given these impacts, waste recovery techniques from this activity such as compost would be one of the preferred means for the protection, preservation and conservation of the biophysical environment and human health in this city. Sahelian cities, in their overall designs, evolve, and are characterized by a complex urban livestock system that overturns certain environmental components more quickly and negatively impacts the human health of city dwellers. This study was conducted in the intra-urban environment of the city of Maroua. The objective is to contribute to understanding the impacts of intra-urban livestock farming on the biophysical environment and the health of the population to propose solutions that will reduce its harmful effects. A survey of 211 households was conducted to acquire data on the practice of this activity. Through the survey sheets, the interview guide, the defecation monitoring sheets of cattle, goats, and sheep, the breeding inventory sheets, and observations, the study reveals that: this breeding is characterized by a poor condition but the breeding of cattle (13.3%), goats (35.1%) and sheep (22.3%) are represented in the study area. Natural and human factors influence this activity. The main livestock stakeholders are dominated by men (83.41%) and women (16.59%). Poor breeding practices lead to air pollution, soil degradation and water pollution through methane emissions (421,443.6 kg of CH4/year in cattle and 37,676.76 kg of
{"title":"Intra-Urban Livestock Breeding in the Sahel Zone and the Living Environment of City Dwellers in Maroua, Far Nord, Cameroon","authors":"E. S. Diabé, Dangna Evrard Ningaïna Langwasna, Ousmane Zigla Doubakoum","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8797","url":null,"abstract":"Sahelian cities, in their overall designs, evolve over time, and are characterized by a complex urban livestock system which overturns certain components of the environment more quickly and has a negative impact on the human health of city dwellers. This study was conducted in the intra-urban environment of the city of Maroua. The objective is to contribute to understanding the impacts of intra-urban livestock farming on the biophysical environment and on the health of the population in order to propose solutions that will reduce its harmful effects. A survey of 211 households was conducted to acquire data on the practice of this activity. Through the survey sheets, the interview guide, the defecation monitoring sheets of cattle, goats and sheep, the breeding inventory sheets and observations, the study reveals that: this breeding is characterized by a poor condition but the breeding of cattle (13.3%), goats (35.1%) and sheep (22.3%) are represented in the study area. This activity is influenced by natural and human factors. The main livestock stakeholders are dominated by men (83.41%) and women (16.59%). Poor breeding practices lead to air pollution, soil degradation and water pollution through methane emissions (421,443.6 kg of CH4/year in cattle and 37,676.76 kg of CH4/year in sheep and goats) and carbon dioxide emissions (579484.94 Kg of CO2/year in cattle and 51805.54 Kg of CO2/year in sheep and goats). The activity harms human health and social ties between neighbors gradually deteriorate. Given these impacts, waste recovery techniques from this activity such as compost would be one of the preferred means for the protection, preservation and conservation of the biophysical environment and human health in this city. Sahelian cities, in their overall designs, evolve, and are characterized by a complex urban livestock system that overturns certain environmental components more quickly and negatively impacts the human health of city dwellers. This study was conducted in the intra-urban environment of the city of Maroua. The objective is to contribute to understanding the impacts of intra-urban livestock farming on the biophysical environment and the health of the population to propose solutions that will reduce its harmful effects. A survey of 211 households was conducted to acquire data on the practice of this activity. Through the survey sheets, the interview guide, the defecation monitoring sheets of cattle, goats, and sheep, the breeding inventory sheets, and observations, the study reveals that: this breeding is characterized by a poor condition but the breeding of cattle (13.3%), goats (35.1%) and sheep (22.3%) are represented in the study area. Natural and human factors influence this activity. The main livestock stakeholders are dominated by men (83.41%) and women (16.59%). Poor breeding practices lead to air pollution, soil degradation and water pollution through methane emissions (421,443.6 kg of CH4/year in cattle and 37,676.76 kg of","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"45 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8795
Dhodia J. B., Parmar H. V., Mashru H. H, Rank H.D., Pandya P.A
In India, soil erosion is a major problem that lowers water availability and agricultural land production. Detachment, transportation and deposition of soil particles from one place to another under the influence of wind, water or gravity forces is known as soil erosion. Therefore, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with Remote Sensing and GIS study was found easy for estimation of soil loss in river basins. The selected watershed for this study was Ozat river basin is situated in Gujarat, having the catchment area 3410 km2. The rainfall erosivity factor (R) was estimated using monthly and annual rainfall data. Sand, silt, clay and organic matter of soil were used to determine the soil erodibility factor (K). The highest and lowest estimated rainfall erosivity factor were found 144.45 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.y-1 to 147.37 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.y-1 respectively. The soil erodibility was found in the range of 0.139 tonnes-ha-hr/ha-MJ-mm to 0.172 tonnes-ha-hr/ha-MJ-mm. Soil with higher K values are more vulnerable to soil erosion. However, lower K values are more resistant to soil erosion. Combining the utilization of the Remote Sensing and GIS provides faster and real- time information for studies related to natural resources management and the study of various parameters needed for soil loss. Thus, different soil loss estimation model and tools may be applied extremely effectively and efficiently for the planning of natural resources in watershed and the study of different factors in bigger or smaller basins.
{"title":"Estimation of Rusle Parameters of the Ozat River Basin Using Remote Sensing and GIS","authors":"Dhodia J. B., Parmar H. V., Mashru H. H, Rank H.D., Pandya P.A","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8795","url":null,"abstract":"In India, soil erosion is a major problem that lowers water availability and agricultural land production. Detachment, transportation and deposition of soil particles from one place to another under the influence of wind, water or gravity forces is known as soil erosion. Therefore, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with Remote Sensing and GIS study was found easy for estimation of soil loss in river basins. The selected watershed for this study was Ozat river basin is situated in Gujarat, having the catchment area 3410 km2. The rainfall erosivity factor (R) was estimated using monthly and annual rainfall data. Sand, silt, clay and organic matter of soil were used to determine the soil erodibility factor (K). The highest and lowest estimated rainfall erosivity factor were found 144.45 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.y-1 to 147.37 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.y-1 respectively. The soil erodibility was found in the range of 0.139 tonnes-ha-hr/ha-MJ-mm to 0.172 tonnes-ha-hr/ha-MJ-mm. Soil with higher K values are more vulnerable to soil erosion. However, lower K values are more resistant to soil erosion. Combining the utilization of the Remote Sensing and GIS provides faster and real- time information for studies related to natural resources management and the study of various parameters needed for soil loss. Thus, different soil loss estimation model and tools may be applied extremely effectively and efficiently for the planning of natural resources in watershed and the study of different factors in bigger or smaller basins.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8794
Praveen. P, M. S. Ayyanagowdar, S.S. Prakash, B. S. Polisgowdar, B. M. Babu, G.S. Yadahalli, Rajashekhar, M
The Shimsha Catchment employed the Semi-distributed SWAT model for runoff prediction, which considered geographical features, surface vegetation, and soil characteristics. The catchment was subdivided into six sub-watersheds based on geography, natural drainage patterns, and designated discharge points. In the Hydrological Response Unit (HRU) analysis, 136 HRUs were created in SWAT model by incorporating land use and soil maps and defining HRUs with specific threshold percentages. To calibrate and validate the model, simulated values were compared with observed data from stream gauge discharge records. The calibration process utilized the SUFI-2 algorithm integrated into the SWAT-CUP model. The results demonstrated the model's strong predictive capabilities across the entire catchment, achieving calibration values of 0.87, 0.92 and 0.78 for the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2) and index of agreement(d) respectively. Parameter selection and ranges were determined by considering the unique characteristics of the study area, recommendations from the model for new parameter ranges, and examination of a 95% probability plot. The analysis of uncertainty highlighted 14 sensitive parameters, with the curve number emerging as the most influential factor, followed by groundwater parameters. Capturing the dynamics of water flow, sediment transport and nutrient cycles to ensure reliable predictions to show the model reliability need to be assessed.
{"title":"Calibration and Validation of Semi-distributed Model of Monthly Stream Discharge Using SUFI-2 Algorithm for Shimsha Catchment, Karnataka, India","authors":"Praveen. P, M. S. Ayyanagowdar, S.S. Prakash, B. S. Polisgowdar, B. M. Babu, G.S. Yadahalli, Rajashekhar, M","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8794","url":null,"abstract":"The Shimsha Catchment employed the Semi-distributed SWAT model for runoff prediction, which considered geographical features, surface vegetation, and soil characteristics. The catchment was subdivided into six sub-watersheds based on geography, natural drainage patterns, and designated discharge points. In the Hydrological Response Unit (HRU) analysis, 136 HRUs were created in SWAT model by incorporating land use and soil maps and defining HRUs with specific threshold percentages. To calibrate and validate the model, simulated values were compared with observed data from stream gauge discharge records. The calibration process utilized the SUFI-2 algorithm integrated into the SWAT-CUP model. The results demonstrated the model's strong predictive capabilities across the entire catchment, achieving calibration values of 0.87, 0.92 and 0.78 for the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2) and index of agreement(d) respectively. Parameter selection and ranges were determined by considering the unique characteristics of the study area, recommendations from the model for new parameter ranges, and examination of a 95% probability plot. The analysis of uncertainty highlighted 14 sensitive parameters, with the curve number emerging as the most influential factor, followed by groundwater parameters. Capturing the dynamics of water flow, sediment transport and nutrient cycles to ensure reliable predictions to show the model reliability need to be assessed.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8793
Franklin Chimaobi Okoro, Jasper Knight
This study investigated the relationships between the different sources of climate change vulnerability in rural communities, the interplay between factors of social vulnerability and structural vulnerability, and their influences on climate change adaptive capacity and resilience. The study took place in rural farming communities in Egbema district of Ohaji/Egbema local government area of Imo State, Nigeria between the month of March 21, 2021 to February 6, 2024. Three communities from the district of Egbema were purposively selected based on their social, cultural, and biophysical characteristics that expose them to climate change impacts. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 240 household heads selected using simple random sampling technique. The study considered ten social vulnerability indicators from social, economic, and demographic characteristics of the respondents. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS version 27. The data on social vulnerability indicators were used to calculate Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) values. The result of the study shows that education had low influence on social vulnerability given that above 60% of the household heads attained at least secondary education level and the SoVI value of 0.18 is considerably low. However, other factors such as sex (0.90), age (0.66), disability (0.90), income (0.88), alternative housing (0.90), and mode of transport (0.40) increased social vulnerability. The finding shows that demographic and economic factors with SoVI values of 0.66 and 0.59 respectively contributed 87.4% of social vulnerability in the study area. The study therefore concludes that social vulnerability is exacerbated by political, socioeconomic and cultural factors. Government needs to improve infrastructure to increase community resilience whilst also facilitating household adaptive capacity on local and regional-scales to reduce climate disaster risk rather than just relying on household actions alone.
{"title":"The Determinants for Climate Change Adaptive Capacity and Resilience of Rural Communities in Nigeria","authors":"Franklin Chimaobi Okoro, Jasper Knight","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8793","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the relationships between the different sources of climate change vulnerability in rural communities, the interplay between factors of social vulnerability and structural vulnerability, and their influences on climate change adaptive capacity and resilience. The study took place in rural farming communities in Egbema district of Ohaji/Egbema local government area of Imo State, Nigeria between the month of March 21, 2021 to February 6, 2024. Three communities from the district of Egbema were purposively selected based on their social, cultural, and biophysical characteristics that expose them to climate change impacts. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 240 household heads selected using simple random sampling technique. The study considered ten social vulnerability indicators from social, economic, and demographic characteristics of the respondents. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS version 27. The data on social vulnerability indicators were used to calculate Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) values. The result of the study shows that education had low influence on social vulnerability given that above 60% of the household heads attained at least secondary education level and the SoVI value of 0.18 is considerably low. However, other factors such as sex (0.90), age (0.66), disability (0.90), income (0.88), alternative housing (0.90), and mode of transport (0.40) increased social vulnerability. The finding shows that demographic and economic factors with SoVI values of 0.66 and 0.59 respectively contributed 87.4% of social vulnerability in the study area. The study therefore concludes that social vulnerability is exacerbated by political, socioeconomic and cultural factors. Government needs to improve infrastructure to increase community resilience whilst also facilitating household adaptive capacity on local and regional-scales to reduce climate disaster risk rather than just relying on household actions alone.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8796
M. Wantim, Innocent A. Badriyo, Louis M. Balgawa, Mformem Egbe Lois, Nde-Fon Peter, K. Karume, Emmanuel V. Yenshu, S. Ayonghe
Aims: To assess the prevalence of respiratory, ocular, and skin diseases in communities exposed to volcanic hazards at the flanks of Mount Nyiragongo (MN) and Mount Cameroon (MC). Study Design: This study utilized a mixed-method approach, incorporating focus group discussions (FGDs), questionnaire surveys, and a review of outpatient department (OPD) registers. Place and Duration of Study: Conducted between 2017 and 2019 in Goma and Karisimbi Municipalities (DR Congo) and the Limbe Health District (Cameroon). Methodology: Two workshops were held in Goma and Batoke with 40 participants each. Supplementary data were collected through questionnaires from 738 participants in Goma and 400 in Limbe. Hospital data on respiratory, ocular, skin, and gastrointestinal diseases were obtained from 11 health facilities in Goma, Karisimbi, Nyiragongo, Sake, and Limbe, covering the years 1997 to 2006. The study focused on the 2002 MN and 1999/2000 MC eruptions. Results: Significant increases in respiratory diseases (asthma and bronchitis) were observed, with over 4000 cases in MN and affecting over 30% of the population in MC. Ocular diseases (conjunctivitis and blindness) saw over 800 cases, impacting more than 25% of the population. Skin diseases (dermatitis) recorded over 600 cases, affecting over 35% of the population. Increased incidences of diarrhoea (79.96%) and gastroenteritis (75.9%) were reported in MN communities. Conclusion: The prevalence of respiratory, ocular, skin, and gastrointestinal diseases varied across health districts, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions.
{"title":"Health Implications of Volcanic Ash and Gases from Eruptions at Mount Nyiragongo and Mount Cameroon, Central Africa","authors":"M. Wantim, Innocent A. Badriyo, Louis M. Balgawa, Mformem Egbe Lois, Nde-Fon Peter, K. Karume, Emmanuel V. Yenshu, S. Ayonghe","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i8796","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To assess the prevalence of respiratory, ocular, and skin diseases in communities exposed to volcanic hazards at the flanks of Mount Nyiragongo (MN) and Mount Cameroon (MC). \u0000Study Design: This study utilized a mixed-method approach, incorporating focus group discussions (FGDs), questionnaire surveys, and a review of outpatient department (OPD) registers. \u0000 Place and Duration of Study: Conducted between 2017 and 2019 in Goma and Karisimbi Municipalities (DR Congo) and the Limbe Health District (Cameroon). \u0000 Methodology: Two workshops were held in Goma and Batoke with 40 participants each. Supplementary data were collected through questionnaires from 738 participants in Goma and 400 in Limbe. Hospital data on respiratory, ocular, skin, and gastrointestinal diseases were obtained from 11 health facilities in Goma, Karisimbi, Nyiragongo, Sake, and Limbe, covering the years 1997 to 2006. The study focused on the 2002 MN and 1999/2000 MC eruptions. \u0000 Results: Significant increases in respiratory diseases (asthma and bronchitis) were observed, with over 4000 cases in MN and affecting over 30% of the population in MC. Ocular diseases (conjunctivitis and blindness) saw over 800 cases, impacting more than 25% of the population. Skin diseases (dermatitis) recorded over 600 cases, affecting over 35% of the population. Increased incidences of diarrhoea (79.96%) and gastroenteritis (75.9%) were reported in MN communities. \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of respiratory, ocular, skin, and gastrointestinal diseases varied across health districts, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"59 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i7792
Essien-Ibok, M. A., G. U. U., Titus, D. I.
This review synthesizes findings from 10 scientific publications utilizing the weighted arithmetic Water Quality Index (WQI) to assess the status of diverse water bodies (Ikpa River, Lower Enyong Creek, Nwaniba River, Imo River, Etim Ekpo River, Lower Qua Iboe River, Ibeno Estuary, Cross River, Ikot Ebak River and Oboroenyin River) all within the Cross River System. The Analysis reveals that 6 out of 10 sampled water bodies are moderately polluted, while the remaining 4 exhibit slight pollution levels. These findings underscore significant concerns regarding water quality degradation, predominantly attributed to industrial effluents, agricultural runoff and urban contaminants. The WQI proves effective in consolidating multiple water quality parameters into a comprehensive index, facilitating a holistic assessment of pollution levels and guiding management strategies. Moving forward, concerted efforts are imperative to enhance monitoring efforts, implement stringent regulatory measures, and adopt sustainable practices to safeguard freshwater resources globally. This review underscores the urgency of integrated approaches to mitigate pollution and ensure resilience of aquatic ecosystems and public health.
{"title":"Assessing Ecosystem Health: A Comparative Study Using Water Quality Index Analysis across Ten Lotic System in the Cross River System","authors":"Essien-Ibok, M. A., G. U. U., Titus, D. I.","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i7792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i7792","url":null,"abstract":"This review synthesizes findings from 10 scientific publications utilizing the weighted arithmetic Water Quality Index (WQI) to assess the status of diverse water bodies (Ikpa River, Lower Enyong Creek, Nwaniba River, Imo River, Etim Ekpo River, Lower Qua Iboe River, Ibeno Estuary, Cross River, Ikot Ebak River and Oboroenyin River) all within the Cross River System. The Analysis reveals that 6 out of 10 sampled water bodies are moderately polluted, while the remaining 4 exhibit slight pollution levels. These findings underscore significant concerns regarding water quality degradation, predominantly attributed to industrial effluents, agricultural runoff and urban contaminants. The WQI proves effective in consolidating multiple water quality parameters into a comprehensive index, facilitating a holistic assessment of pollution levels and guiding management strategies. Moving forward, concerted efforts are imperative to enhance monitoring efforts, implement stringent regulatory measures, and adopt sustainable practices to safeguard freshwater resources globally. This review underscores the urgency of integrated approaches to mitigate pollution and ensure resilience of aquatic ecosystems and public health.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"8 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i7791
Adam Sufyan Imam, Idoko Ojochenemi
Despite the significant contribution of hospitality industry to the people, economy and beautification of the landscape, hotels generate large volume of effluent from their ancillary activities such as kitchen, room cleaning, toilet, laundry, etc., this effluent has the potential to seep into the underlying aquifer, thereby contaminating the groundwater. This research explores the effects of hotels effluent discharge on groundwater quality in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria. The study has four (4) research objectives to; identify the contaminants present in Hotels’ effluent discharge; investigate the levels of physicochemical parameters in the hotels effluent, hotels borehole and borehole within 500m radius of the hotels; determine if the concentrations in groundwater quality parameters are within the safety limits recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), and, to determine the effective management strategies to minimize the discharge of hotel effluent and protect groundwater resources. Samples of hotels’ effluents, water samples from the hotels’ borehole, the nearest borehole within 500m radius were taken for laboratory testing. The statistical tool used for the analysis of the laboratory result was the Student T – Test while the 4-point Likert Scale was used for the questionnaires analysis. The result shows the presence of contaminants at varying degrees. Contaminants like DO (8.63mg/l), COD (10.78mg/l), BOD (4.36mg/l), TDS (0.25mg/l), TSS (0.13mg/l), Alkalinity (59.5mg/l), Hardness (30.65mg/l), EC (2.25mg/l), iron (30.1mg/l), sulphide, phosphates, and, nitrate, were present in the hotels effluent. Contaminants are also present in the hotel boreholes and boreholes within 500m radius, they however, fell within acceptable levels. However, the pH of the water samples (3.40mg/l), significantly lower than the safe drinking water standard (6.5 – 8.5mg/l) as prescribed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA). The study suggests the investigation and the source of acidity; improve hotel effluent treatment; promote water conservation and reuse; community awareness and education programs; and, strengthen collaboration and monitoring.
{"title":"The Effects of Hotels Effluent Discharge on Ground Water Quality in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria","authors":"Adam Sufyan Imam, Idoko Ojochenemi","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i7791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i7791","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the significant contribution of hospitality industry to the people, economy and beautification of the landscape, hotels generate large volume of effluent from their ancillary activities such as kitchen, room cleaning, toilet, laundry, etc., this effluent has the potential to seep into the underlying aquifer, thereby contaminating the groundwater. This research explores the effects of hotels effluent discharge on groundwater quality in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria. The study has four (4) research objectives to; identify the contaminants present in Hotels’ effluent discharge; investigate the levels of physicochemical parameters in the hotels effluent, hotels borehole and borehole within 500m radius of the hotels; determine if the concentrations in groundwater quality parameters are within the safety limits recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), and, to determine the effective management strategies to minimize the discharge of hotel effluent and protect groundwater resources. Samples of hotels’ effluents, water samples from the hotels’ borehole, the nearest borehole within 500m radius were taken for laboratory testing. The statistical tool used for the analysis of the laboratory result was the Student T – Test while the 4-point Likert Scale was used for the questionnaires analysis. The result shows the presence of contaminants at varying degrees. Contaminants like DO (8.63mg/l), COD (10.78mg/l), BOD (4.36mg/l), TDS (0.25mg/l), TSS (0.13mg/l), Alkalinity (59.5mg/l), Hardness (30.65mg/l), EC (2.25mg/l), iron (30.1mg/l), sulphide, phosphates, and, nitrate, were present in the hotels effluent. Contaminants are also present in the hotel boreholes and boreholes within 500m radius, they however, fell within acceptable levels. However, the pH of the water samples (3.40mg/l), significantly lower than the safe drinking water standard (6.5 – 8.5mg/l) as prescribed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA). The study suggests the investigation and the source of acidity; improve hotel effluent treatment; promote water conservation and reuse; community awareness and education programs; and, strengthen collaboration and monitoring.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i7790
Ekone N.O, Dagogo, T
Derived elastic attributes has been used to discriminate rock and fluid properties in EK Field using well logs data. These derived rock attributes were analyzed in cross-plot space for target reservoirs. The log analysis for delineated reservoir B20 shows an average volume of shale (7.5%), total porosity (33.9%) and water saturation (29.3%). Cross-plots of elastic rock attributes (Vp/Vs, Lambda-Rho (λρ), Mu-Rho (μρ), Poisson ratio and acoustic impedance) were used as fluid and lithology indicators and in reservoir characterization. The cross plots results shows distinct separation of hydrocarbon sand, brine sand and shale. Low Poisson’s ratio (0.2-0.26), Lambda-Rho (7 GPa*g/cc -10 GPa*g/cc), Vp/Vs (1.6-1.8), low acoustic impedance and high Mu-Rho values indicate hydrocarbon sands. The intermediate values of Poisson’s ratio (0.2-0.26), Lambda-Rho (17 GPa*g/cc - 21GPa*g/cc) , Vp/Vs ratio (2.05-2.3), relatively high acoustic impedance and Mu-rho indicated brine sand while high Poisson’s ratio (0.35-0.41), Lambda-rho (24 GPa*g/cc -27 GPa*g/cc), Vp/Vs ratio (2.3-2.5), high acoustic impedance and low Mu-Rho indicated shale. The cross-plot models all show similar result of hydrocarbon sand characterized by high porosity, low water saturation and volume of shale. The well based elastic attribute analyses established useful relationships between elastic derived seismic attributes and reservoir properties in delineating lithology and reservoir fluid for better understanding of reservoirs in the Niger Delta field.
{"title":"Well Based Elastic Attribute Analysis for Reservoir Characterization in Ek-field Niger Delta","authors":"Ekone N.O, Dagogo, T","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i7790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i7790","url":null,"abstract":"Derived elastic attributes has been used to discriminate rock and fluid properties in EK Field using well logs data. These derived rock attributes were analyzed in cross-plot space for target reservoirs. The log analysis for delineated reservoir B20 shows an average volume of shale (7.5%), total porosity (33.9%) and water saturation (29.3%). Cross-plots of elastic rock attributes (Vp/Vs, Lambda-Rho (λρ), Mu-Rho (μρ), Poisson ratio and acoustic impedance) were used as fluid and lithology indicators and in reservoir characterization. The cross plots results shows distinct separation of hydrocarbon sand, brine sand and shale. Low Poisson’s ratio (0.2-0.26), Lambda-Rho (7 GPa*g/cc -10 GPa*g/cc), Vp/Vs (1.6-1.8), low acoustic impedance and high Mu-Rho values indicate hydrocarbon sands. The intermediate values of Poisson’s ratio (0.2-0.26), Lambda-Rho (17 GPa*g/cc - 21GPa*g/cc) , Vp/Vs ratio (2.05-2.3), relatively high acoustic impedance and Mu-rho indicated brine sand while high Poisson’s ratio (0.35-0.41), Lambda-rho (24 GPa*g/cc -27 GPa*g/cc), Vp/Vs ratio (2.3-2.5), high acoustic impedance and low Mu-Rho indicated shale. The cross-plot models all show similar result of hydrocarbon sand characterized by high porosity, low water saturation and volume of shale. The well based elastic attribute analyses established useful relationships between elastic derived seismic attributes and reservoir properties in delineating lithology and reservoir fluid for better understanding of reservoirs in the Niger Delta field.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i7789
Satinder Kaur Khattra, Ankush Balaut, Ritu Dogra
Ecosystem management integrates natural and human systems, but understanding early stages remains a challenge. Remote sensing aids in monitoring endangered ecosystems. Ecological growth theories and models offer insights, while energy-related tendencies contribute to succession understanding. Collaboration drives sustainable development, alongside social-ecological system understanding. Adaptive management navigates ecosystem transformation, while resource management ensures sustainable use. Engaging communities, leveraging innovative technologies, and effective governance are crucial for long-term sustainability. Conserving biodiversity is essential for ecosystem health, requiring focused actions like habitat restoration and preservation. Addressing climate change impacts strengthens ecosystem resilience and secures sustainable futures. Promoting environmental education and awareness cultivates community involvement and supports conservation efforts. Incorporating economic incentives and valuing ecosystem services encourages sustainable resource management. Effective policy integration across agriculture, forestry and urban planning sectors is crucial for comprehensive and sustainable ecosystem management.
{"title":"Advancing Sustainable Ecosystem Development","authors":"Satinder Kaur Khattra, Ankush Balaut, Ritu Dogra","doi":"10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i7789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i7789","url":null,"abstract":"Ecosystem management integrates natural and human systems, but understanding early stages remains a challenge. Remote sensing aids in monitoring endangered ecosystems. Ecological growth theories and models offer insights, while energy-related tendencies contribute to succession understanding. Collaboration drives sustainable development, alongside social-ecological system understanding. Adaptive management navigates ecosystem transformation, while resource management ensures sustainable use. Engaging communities, leveraging innovative technologies, and effective governance are crucial for long-term sustainability. Conserving biodiversity is essential for ecosystem health, requiring focused actions like habitat restoration and preservation. Addressing climate change impacts strengthens ecosystem resilience and secures sustainable futures. Promoting environmental education and awareness cultivates community involvement and supports conservation efforts. Incorporating economic incentives and valuing ecosystem services encourages sustainable resource management. Effective policy integration across agriculture, forestry and urban planning sectors is crucial for comprehensive and sustainable ecosystem management.","PeriodicalId":15886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","volume":"3 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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