The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of ethyl acetate of extract of Passiflora foetida L leaves (EAEPL) on hypersensitivity response and antibody titer of immune cells. Hypersensitivity response test evaluated the swelling of the feet of mice, while antibody titer test evaluated the hemagglutination. Examination of antibody titer was performed in 5 groups of 25 wistar rats. All the test animals, except control group, induced by SRBC on the 3rd day intraperitoneally. The extract was given for 7 days. The hypersensitivity response test was performed in 5 groups of 25 mice (Balb/c). The groups, except control group, were given antigen (SRBC) on the 3rd day intraperitoneally and on the 7th day were administered intraplantarly. The thickness of the soles of the feet was measured using a plethysmometer before and after injecting the antigen at T4, T24 and T48. The data were processed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis then advanced test by Mann-Whitney. The group of negative control against the groups of EAEPL was significantly different (p<0.05). The antibody titers of the groups given the extract were higher than the antigen-induced group without the administration of the extract. The results show that the groups of EAEPL can increase antibody secretion. The test of hypersensitivity response showed that the group of negative control to EAEPL groups showed significantly different (p<0.05). The results showed that the swelling of the feet of mice decrease at T48. This research concludes that ethyl acetate extract of EAEPL has the immunostimulatory effect.
{"title":"Immunomodulatory Effect of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Permot (Passiflora Foetida L.) Leaf against the Secretion of Antibody and Delayed Type Hypersensitivity in Vivo","authors":"Ismail Marzuki, A. Emelda","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/yq6vh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/yq6vh","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of ethyl acetate of extract of Passiflora foetida L leaves (EAEPL) on hypersensitivity response and antibody titer of immune cells. Hypersensitivity response test evaluated the swelling of the feet of mice, while antibody titer test evaluated the hemagglutination. Examination of antibody titer was performed in 5 groups of 25 wistar rats. All the test animals, except control group, induced by SRBC on the 3rd day intraperitoneally. The extract was given for 7 days. The hypersensitivity response test was performed in 5 groups of 25 mice (Balb/c). The groups, except control group, were given antigen (SRBC) on the 3rd day intraperitoneally and on the 7th day were administered intraplantarly. The thickness of the soles of the feet was measured using a plethysmometer before and after injecting the antigen at T4, T24 and T48. The data were processed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis then advanced test by Mann-Whitney. The group of negative control against the groups of EAEPL was significantly different (p<0.05). The antibody titers of the groups given the extract were higher than the antigen-induced group without the administration of the extract. The results show that the groups of EAEPL can increase antibody secretion. The test of hypersensitivity response showed that the group of negative control to EAEPL groups showed significantly different (p<0.05). The results showed that the swelling of the feet of mice decrease at T48. This research concludes that ethyl acetate extract of EAEPL has the immunostimulatory effect.","PeriodicalId":15889,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Pharma Technology","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82590279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-13DOI: 10.5958/0974-360x.2018.00690.x
A. Yasir
Depending on the height, weight and head circumstances derived from 400 children (200 boys and 200 girls) ranged from one to five years of age. The data collected randomly from different health care centre of Hillah. The result showed that boys were significantly heavier and taller than girls in the first years of life. Height measurement revealed that boys head are bigger than the girls. Objective this study aimed to suggested new technique of physical growth curve chart for children under five years old of age in non-probability sample. Keywords: Physical Growth charts, Child health, WHO, CDC, Weight, Height and head circumference.
{"title":"Used of Growth Charts among Children Age 1-5 Years Old and its Effects on Child Health in Al-Hillah City","authors":"A. Yasir","doi":"10.5958/0974-360x.2018.00690.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2018.00690.x","url":null,"abstract":"Depending on the height, weight and head circumstances derived from 400 children (200 boys and 200 girls) ranged from one to five years of age. The data collected randomly from different health care centre of Hillah. The result showed that boys were significantly heavier and taller than girls in the first years of life. Height measurement revealed that boys head are bigger than the girls. Objective this study aimed to suggested new technique of physical growth curve chart for children under five years old of age in non-probability sample. Keywords: Physical Growth charts, Child health, WHO, CDC, Weight, Height and head circumference.","PeriodicalId":15889,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Pharma Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74244332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
InhA, the enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase is one of the key enzymes involved in the type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway of M. tuberculosis. Discovery Studio 2.5 was used to carry out the current work. Different training sets and test sets were taken for QSAR and pharmacophore studies from a total of 116 molecules. In the present work, classical 2D QSAR (r2 = 0.913, Adj. r2 = 0.95 and cross-validated r2 = 0.90) models were developed for a series of 95 enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase inhibitors. This model was applied to successfully estimate activities of 14 test set molecules. Hiphop showed best fit with five features namely one hydrogen bond donor, three hydrophobic and one hydrophobic aromatic. The best hypothesis of hypogen run with 28 molecules consisting of four features namely two hydrophobic aromatic, one hydrophobic aliphatic and one hydrophobic, has a correlation coefficient of 0.914, a root mean square deviation of 1.166 and a cost difference of 80.23, suggesting that a highly predictive pharmacophore model was successfully obtained. The application of the model showed success in predicting the activities of few molecules in 54 known Mt EACP reductase inhibitors in our test set with a correlation coefficient of 0.847(r). The CDOCKER energies of two highly active inhibitors were -27.723 and -18.668, that of one moderately active inhibitor was -27.191 and of two low active inhibitors were and -2.581, -3.807. From 2D-QSAR, pharmacophore and docking studies the results have shown that Triclosan derivatives were proved to be highly potent inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase. Keywords: Common feature pharmacophore; 3D-QSAR pharmacophore generation; Hip-hop; Hypogen; CDOCKER; Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (Mt EACPR); and 2D-QSAR.
{"title":"2D QSAR, PHARMACOPHORE AND DOCKING STUDIES OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ENOYL ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN REDUCTASE INHIBITORS","authors":"Haripriya Munipalli","doi":"10.1234/JGPT.V2I5.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1234/JGPT.V2I5.176","url":null,"abstract":"InhA, the enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase is one of the key enzymes involved in the type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway of M. tuberculosis. Discovery Studio 2.5 was used to carry out the current work. Different training sets and test sets were taken for QSAR and pharmacophore studies from a total of 116 molecules. In the present work, classical 2D QSAR (r2 = 0.913, Adj. r2 = 0.95 and cross-validated r2 = 0.90) models were developed for a series of 95 enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase inhibitors. This model was applied to successfully estimate activities of 14 test set molecules. Hiphop showed best fit with five features namely one hydrogen bond donor, three hydrophobic and one hydrophobic aromatic. The best hypothesis of hypogen run with 28 molecules consisting of four features namely two hydrophobic aromatic, one hydrophobic aliphatic and one hydrophobic, has a correlation coefficient of 0.914, a root mean square deviation of 1.166 and a cost difference of 80.23, suggesting that a highly predictive pharmacophore model was successfully obtained. The application of the model showed success in predicting the activities of few molecules in 54 known Mt EACP reductase inhibitors in our test set with a correlation coefficient of 0.847(r). The CDOCKER energies of two highly active inhibitors were -27.723 and -18.668, that of one moderately active inhibitor was -27.191 and of two low active inhibitors were and -2.581, -3.807. From 2D-QSAR, pharmacophore and docking studies the results have shown that Triclosan derivatives were proved to be highly potent inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase. Keywords: Common feature pharmacophore; 3D-QSAR pharmacophore generation; Hip-hop; Hypogen; CDOCKER; Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (Mt EACPR); and 2D-QSAR.","PeriodicalId":15889,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Pharma Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76928757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus inoculation on Withania somnifera , a medicinal plant under water stress. Root and Shoot lengths, total plant dry and fresh weights, root and shoot dry and fresh weights, number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll content, lipid content, carbohydrate content, DNA and RNA content were evaluated at 12 days, 20 days and 28 days after stress. Study of all the above parameters was made in four treatments T1 (control), T2 (mild stress), T3 (severe stress), T4 (severe stress with VAM treatment). We observed in all the characteristic features of the study, that there was a decrease in them during severe stress conditions compared with those of control plants. The VAM treatment helped the plants to with stand the water stress and to yield maximum biomass. Keywords : Water stress, growth, biochemical aspects, Withania somnifera .
{"title":"EFFECT OF WATER STRESS ON GROWTH, METABOLIC ACTIVITIES OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA-AN IMPORTANT PHYTOCEUTICAL PLANT: AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF VAM","authors":"M. Haripriya","doi":"10.1234/JGPT.V2I3.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1234/JGPT.V2I3.106","url":null,"abstract":"A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus inoculation on Withania somnifera , a medicinal plant under water stress. Root and Shoot lengths, total plant dry and fresh weights, root and shoot dry and fresh weights, number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll content, lipid content, carbohydrate content, DNA and RNA content were evaluated at 12 days, 20 days and 28 days after stress. Study of all the above parameters was made in four treatments T1 (control), T2 (mild stress), T3 (severe stress), T4 (severe stress with VAM treatment). We observed in all the characteristic features of the study, that there was a decrease in them during severe stress conditions compared with those of control plants. The VAM treatment helped the plants to with stand the water stress and to yield maximum biomass. Keywords : Water stress, growth, biochemical aspects, Withania somnifera .","PeriodicalId":15889,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Pharma Technology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80503715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Disintegrants are substances or mixture of substances added to the drug formulation that facilitates the breakup or disintegration of tablet or capsule content into smaller particles that dissolve more rapidly than in the absence of disintegrants. An oral solid dosage form should deally disperse into the primary particles from which it is prepared. The inclusion of the right disintegrant is a prerequisite to get optimal bioavailability in tablets and capsules which need rapid disintegration. Superdisintegrants are used to improve the efficacy of solid dosage forms. This is achieved by decreasing the disintegration time which in turn enhances the drug dissolution rate. Superdisintegrants are generally used at a low level in the solid dosage form, typically 1-10 % by weight relative to the total weight of the dosage unit. Examples of Superdisintegrants are crosscarmelose, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate which represent example of a crosslinked cellulose, crosslinked polymer and a crosslinked starch respectively. This review comprises various kinds of superdisintegrants, which are being used in the formulation to provide safe and effective drug delivery with patient's compliance. Keywords: Disintegrants, Tablets, Superdisintegrants.
{"title":"Fundamental Aspects of Superdisintegrants: A Concise Review","authors":"G. P. Kumar","doi":"10.1234/JGPT.V4I2.468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1234/JGPT.V4I2.468","url":null,"abstract":"Disintegrants are substances or mixture of substances added to the drug formulation that facilitates the breakup or disintegration of tablet or capsule content into smaller particles that dissolve more rapidly than in the absence of disintegrants. An oral solid dosage form should deally disperse into the primary particles from which it is prepared. The inclusion of the right disintegrant is a prerequisite to get optimal bioavailability in tablets and capsules which need rapid disintegration. Superdisintegrants are used to improve the efficacy of solid dosage forms. This is achieved by decreasing the disintegration time which in turn enhances the drug dissolution rate. Superdisintegrants are generally used at a low level in the solid dosage form, typically 1-10 % by weight relative to the total weight of the dosage unit. Examples of Superdisintegrants are crosscarmelose, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate which represent example of a crosslinked cellulose, crosslinked polymer and a crosslinked starch respectively. This review comprises various kinds of superdisintegrants, which are being used in the formulation to provide safe and effective drug delivery with patient's compliance. Keywords: Disintegrants, Tablets, Superdisintegrants.","PeriodicalId":15889,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Pharma Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85137020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study is aimed at building human caspase-5 protein structure by homology modeling. Human interleukin-1 beta convertase P20 (1RWN) and human caspase-1 (3E4C) crystal structures from blast results were taken as caspase-5 structural relatives (from protein data bank). The former showed 58% and the latter, 57% sequence identity with the target caspase-5 protein. The 3D-model was generated by using modeler in Accelrys discovery studio 2.5. The energy refinement was also been carried out in the modeler protocol. The Ramachandran plot showed 89.1% of residues in the favorable region. Further, binding site analysis was done to decipher the interacting residues at the active site region of the modeled protein. Then, docking of Pyrazinone mono amide analogues, peptide aldehydes, substituted P4 aryl sulfonamides on a pyridine scaffold analogues, P1 aspartyl ketone derivatives on a pyridine scaffold analogues and a P3 sulfonamide-modified thiophene derivatives against modeled human caspase-5 protein were performed using ligandFit. The results showed that Cys161, Arg55, Val214 and His113 were found to be among the interacting residues of caspase-5 with all the types of inhibitors. These 4 residues of caspase-5 active site were found to be interacting with the crystal ligand (copied from 1RWN) also. The dock scores of P4 aryl sulfonamides on pyridine scaffold analogues and P1 Aspartyl Ketone derivatives on Pyridine Scaffold analogues were higher indicating their high activity against caspase-5 compared to that of pyrazinone monoamide analogues and tetra peptides. Keywords: 1RWN; 3E4C; Ligand Fit; Human Caspase-5; Homology Modeling; Ramachandran Plot
本研究旨在通过同源性建模构建人caspase-5蛋白结构。人白细胞介素-1 β转化酶P20 (1RWN)和人caspase-1 (3E4C)晶体结构作为caspase-5结构亲缘关系(来自蛋白数据库)。前者与目标caspase-5蛋白的序列一致性为58%，后者为57%。3d模型是使用Accelrys discovery studio 2.5中的modeler生成的。在建模协议中也进行了能量细化。Ramachandran图显示89.1%的残留物位于有利区。此外，结合位点分析被用来破译模型蛋白活性位点区域的相互作用残基。然后，使用配体fit将吡嗪酮单酰胺类似物、肽醛、取代的P4芳基磺酰胺与吡啶支架类似物对接，P1天冬酮衍生物与吡啶支架类似物对接，以及P3磺酰胺修饰的噻吩衍生物与模拟人caspase-5蛋白对接。结果表明，Cys161、Arg55、Val214和His113是caspase-5与所有类型抑制剂相互作用的残基。caspase-5活性位点的这4个残基也被发现与晶体配体(从1RWN复制)相互作用。与吡嗪酮单酰胺类似物和四肽相比，P4芳基磺胺类化合物和P1天冬氨酸酮类化合物在吡啶支架类似物上的dock得分更高，表明它们对caspase-5的活性更高。关键词:1 rwn;3 e4c;配体配合;人类Caspase-5;同源建模;拉马钱德兰情节
{"title":"MODELING OF HUMAN CASPASE-5 PROTEIN AND DOCKING STUDIES OF CASPASE-5 INHIBITORS AGAINST MODELED CASPASE-5","authors":"Haripriya Munipalli","doi":"10.1234/jgpt.v2i7.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1234/jgpt.v2i7.196","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is aimed at building human caspase-5 protein structure by homology modeling. Human interleukin-1 beta convertase P20 (1RWN) and human caspase-1 (3E4C) crystal structures from blast results were taken as caspase-5 structural relatives (from protein data bank). The former showed 58% and the latter, 57% sequence identity with the target caspase-5 protein. The 3D-model was generated by using modeler in Accelrys discovery studio 2.5. The energy refinement was also been carried out in the modeler protocol. The Ramachandran plot showed 89.1% of residues in the favorable region. Further, binding site analysis was done to decipher the interacting residues at the active site region of the modeled protein. Then, docking of Pyrazinone mono amide analogues, peptide aldehydes, substituted P4 aryl sulfonamides on a pyridine scaffold analogues, P1 aspartyl ketone derivatives on a pyridine scaffold analogues and a P3 sulfonamide-modified thiophene derivatives against modeled human caspase-5 protein were performed using ligandFit. The results showed that Cys161, Arg55, Val214 and His113 were found to be among the interacting residues of caspase-5 with all the types of inhibitors. These 4 residues of caspase-5 active site were found to be interacting with the crystal ligand (copied from 1RWN) also. The dock scores of P4 aryl sulfonamides on pyridine scaffold analogues and P1 Aspartyl Ketone derivatives on Pyridine Scaffold analogues were higher indicating their high activity against caspase-5 compared to that of pyrazinone monoamide analogues and tetra peptides. Keywords: 1RWN; 3E4C; Ligand Fit; Human Caspase-5; Homology Modeling; Ramachandran Plot","PeriodicalId":15889,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Pharma Technology","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79437698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An extensive use of fungicides ensured higher level of production in modern agriculture but has also posed a potential threat to the existing agro ecosystem. So, the design of new selective and highly effective green fungicide that causes no harm to human health and environment is quite important. Recent trends favour the use of alternative substances derived from natural plant extracts that are biodegradable and ecofriendly. Bryophytes which are oldest known land plants possess the quality of antimicrobial activity as they contain many secondary metabolites they are relatively free from attack by parasitic microorganisms.In the present study different concentrations of methanolic extracts of Bryophyte was screened for their antifungal activity against plant pathogenic organism to study the effect of plant extracts on test fungi. The results of antifungal assay revealed that all the concentrations of the extract showed good inhibitory activity against the tested pathogen. Highest concentration of the extract was found highly effective. Efficacy of bryophyte extracts against test fungi was compared with synthetic fungicides such as mancozeb, zineb, captan, carbanzen by poisoned food technique. Mancozeb was found to be highly effective for test fungi with 88.69 per cent inhibition in all the concentrations. Minimum per cent inhibition (53.92) was reported in captan at 10 per cent concentration. Methanolic extract of test plant showed maximum inhibitory effect against the growth of test fungi and compared with the commercially available fungicides suggested that it can be further used as biocontrol after perfect in vivo study.
{"title":"ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF MAIZE PATHOGEN THROUGH BRYOPHYTE EXTRACT","authors":"D. Suhalka","doi":"10.1234/JGPT.V8I1.563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1234/JGPT.V8I1.563","url":null,"abstract":"An extensive use of fungicides ensured higher level of production in modern agriculture but has also posed a potential threat to the existing agro ecosystem. So, the design of new selective and highly effective green fungicide that causes no harm to human health and environment is quite important. Recent trends favour the use of alternative substances derived from natural plant extracts that are biodegradable and ecofriendly. Bryophytes which are oldest known land plants possess the quality of antimicrobial activity as they contain many secondary metabolites they are relatively free from attack by parasitic microorganisms.In the present study different concentrations of methanolic extracts of Bryophyte was screened for their antifungal activity against plant pathogenic organism to study the effect of plant extracts on test fungi. The results of antifungal assay revealed that all the concentrations of the extract showed good inhibitory activity against the tested pathogen. Highest concentration of the extract was found highly effective. Efficacy of bryophyte extracts against test fungi was compared with synthetic fungicides such as mancozeb, zineb, captan, carbanzen by poisoned food technique. Mancozeb was found to be highly effective for test fungi with 88.69 per cent inhibition in all the concentrations. Minimum per cent inhibition (53.92) was reported in captan at 10 per cent concentration. Methanolic extract of test plant showed maximum inhibitory effect against the growth of test fungi and compared with the commercially available fungicides suggested that it can be further used as biocontrol after perfect in vivo study.","PeriodicalId":15889,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Pharma Technology","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72615661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper reports three hydroxytriazenes viz.: 3-hydroxy-3-m-chlorophenyl-1-(4- sulphonamidophenyl)triazene,3-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-1-(4-sulphonamidophenyl)triazene and 3-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-1-(4- sulphonamidophenyl) triazene, and their ternary complexes with vanadium (V) and thiourea as second ligand. They have been synthesized and screened for their insecticidal activity against adult Chrotogonus trachyptems Blanch (surface grasshopper).
{"title":"SYNTHESIS AND INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF SOME HYDROXYTRIAZENE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR TERNARY COMPLEXES WITH VANADIUM (V) AND THIOUREA","authors":"R. Khanam","doi":"10.1234/JGPT.V6I12.559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1234/JGPT.V6I12.559","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper reports three hydroxytriazenes viz.: 3-hydroxy-3-m-chlorophenyl-1-(4- \u0000sulphonamidophenyl)triazene,3-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-1-(4-sulphonamidophenyl)triazene and 3-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-1-(4- \u0000sulphonamidophenyl) triazene, and their ternary complexes with vanadium (V) and thiourea as second ligand. They have been \u0000synthesized and screened for their insecticidal activity against adult Chrotogonus trachyptems Blanch (surface grasshopper).","PeriodicalId":15889,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Pharma Technology","volume":"77 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77324992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes or diabetes mellitus is a disease manifested by increased blood sugar level in the blood. Diabetes mellitus is a group of syndromes characterized by hyperglycemia, altered metabolism of lipids, carbohydrate and proteins and increase risk of complications from vascular disease.The treatment of diabetes involves use of allopathic medicines that themselves exert significant side effects. Since, the medicines to be used in diabetes require prolonged administration, therefore current interests have shifted to the use of alternative methods of treatment for diabetes. These involve herbal products, plants such as hams horn, fenugreek and other plants and micronutrients as chromium, vanadium etc that only treat diabetes but also aid other medicines and reduces side effects associated. The current article focuses on use of such alternative methods for effective diabetes treatment.
{"title":"ALTERNATIVE HERBAL MEDICATION FOR DIABETES CONTROL: A REVIEW","authors":"M. Kar","doi":"10.1234/JGPT.V6I2.550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1234/JGPT.V6I2.550","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes or diabetes mellitus is a disease manifested by increased blood sugar level in the blood. Diabetes mellitus is a group of syndromes characterized by hyperglycemia, altered metabolism of lipids, carbohydrate and proteins and increase risk of complications from vascular disease.The treatment of diabetes involves use of allopathic medicines that themselves exert significant side effects. Since, the medicines to be used in diabetes require prolonged administration, therefore current interests have shifted to the use of alternative methods of treatment for diabetes. These involve herbal products, plants such as hams horn, fenugreek and other plants and micronutrients as chromium, vanadium etc that only treat diabetes but also aid other medicines and reduces side effects associated. The current article focuses on use of such alternative methods for effective diabetes treatment.","PeriodicalId":15889,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Pharma Technology","volume":"54 1","pages":"01-06"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85148519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT; Plants are well known to be the natural source of variety of drugs since long all over the world. In this regard chemical analysis of Bark of Wrightia tinctoria (WT) and nuts of Semicarpus anacardium (SA) have been done to investigate on anti-tuberculosis activity of these plants. Dried WT bark and SA nuts were successively extracted, with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and water, using soxhlet apparatus. All the extracts were screened out in vitro for thier anti-tuberculosis activity against Mycobacterium bovis by Resazurin microtiter assay plate method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for all the extracts was determined. Ethyl acetate extract of both plants was found to be more effective followed by petroleum ether, methanol and water extracts. Result sowed the potentiality of plant extracts against the Tuberculosis (TB) agent, which may be an effective mean of treatment in future.
{"title":"In vitro Screening for Antituberculosis activity of Wrightia tinctoria bark and Semicarpus anacardium nuts extracts against Mycobacterium bovis by the Risazurin Microtiter Assay Plate Method","authors":"Rajendra Singh","doi":"10.1234/JGPT.V6I1.526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1234/JGPT.V6I1.526","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT; \u0000 Plants are well known to be the natural source of variety of drugs since long all over the world. In this regard chemical analysis of Bark of Wrightia tinctoria (WT) and nuts of Semicarpus anacardium (SA) have been done to investigate on anti-tuberculosis activity of these plants. Dried WT bark and SA nuts were successively extracted, with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol and water, using soxhlet apparatus. All the extracts were screened out in vitro for thier anti-tuberculosis activity against Mycobacterium bovis by Resazurin microtiter assay plate method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for all the extracts was determined. Ethyl acetate extract of both plants was found to be more effective followed by petroleum ether, methanol and water extracts. Result sowed the potentiality of plant extracts against the Tuberculosis (TB) agent, which may be an effective mean of treatment in future.","PeriodicalId":15889,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Pharma Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88917722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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