Quantitative analysis of narratives of art history published since 2000 reveals that scholars and critics now judge that Andy Warhol has surpassed Jackson Pollock and Jasper Johns as the most important modern American painter. Auction prices suggest that collectors share this opinion. Disaggregated analysis of the published narratives by decade reveals that Warhol first gained clear critical recognition as the leading Pop artist in the 1990s, and then as the most important American artist overall in the 2000s. This rise in Warhol’s status appears initially to have been a result of his enormous influence on Jean-Michel Basquiat, Keith Haring, and others in the cohort that transformed the New York art world in the 1980s, and subsequently of his persisting influence on leading artists around the world who have emerged since the 1990s, including Damien Hirst, Takashi Murakami, and Ai Weiwei. Warhol’s many radical conceptual innovations, that transformed both the appearance of art and the behavior of artists, made him not only the most important American artist, but the most important Western artist overall of the second half of the twentieth century.
{"title":"Revising the Canon: How Andy Warhol Became the Most Important American Modern Artist","authors":"David W. Galenson","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3778740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3778740","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative analysis of narratives of art history published since 2000 reveals that scholars and critics now judge that Andy Warhol has surpassed Jackson Pollock and Jasper Johns as the most important modern American painter. Auction prices suggest that collectors share this opinion. Disaggregated analysis of the published narratives by decade reveals that Warhol first gained clear critical recognition as the leading Pop artist in the 1990s, and then as the most important American artist overall in the 2000s. This rise in Warhol’s status appears initially to have been a result of his enormous influence on Jean-Michel Basquiat, Keith Haring, and others in the cohort that transformed the New York art world in the 1980s, and subsequently of his persisting influence on leading artists around the world who have emerged since the 1990s, including Damien Hirst, Takashi Murakami, and Ai Weiwei. Warhol’s many radical conceptual innovations, that transformed both the appearance of art and the behavior of artists, made him not only the most important American artist, but the most important Western artist overall of the second half of the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":158909,"journal":{"name":"Art History eJournal","volume":"18 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121894268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Albanian Abstract: Krimi i organizuar si fenomen është mjaft shqetësues sot në botën bashkëkohore, veçanti është një problem në shtetet e pazhvilluar dhe në tranzicion. Në këtë drejtim, vlen të theksohet prania e krimit të organizuar dhe formave të tij në Kosovë. Si fenomen që është i pranishëm në të gjitha poret e jetës shoqërore, konsiderohet, ndonëse një ndër faktorët kryesore dhe problem kyç në zhvillimin ekonomik të Kosovës, për arsye, se krimi i organizuar nuk mund të kosilidohet dhe të funksionoj pa mbështetjen dhe ndihmën e institucioneve shtetërore. Përshkrimi i këtij fenomen sot trajtohet në të gjitha raportet e organizatave ndërkombëtare dhe vendore, me theks të veçantë i kushton rëndësi luftimin dhe parandalimit të tij. Lufta ndaj këtij krimi shumë të rëndë nuk mund të jetë efektive dhe efikase pa një sistem të mirëfilltë të drejtësisë, ku në këtë sistem janë të inkorporuar shumë mekanizma institucionale. Ndonëse, në këtë aspekt, Kosova si shtet i ri ka ndërmarr veprime të domosdoshme në rregullimin e infrastrukturës ligjore në luftimin e tij, por i mbetet akoma shumë punë në drejtimin të funksionalizimin të institucioneve relevante që merren me parandalimin dhe luftimin e tij. Në këtë kontekst edhe studimi i këtij punimi është përqendruar në atë bërthamën kryesore të trajtimit të krimit të organizuar dhe formave të tij në Kosovë. English Abstract: The aim of these papers is to presentation some of phenomena that are in Republic of Kosova and it will comport with some countries. The organized of crime as a phenomenon is quite worrying today in our modern world, so in particular it is a problem in underdeveloped and transitional states. In this regard, it is worth noting the presence of the organized crime and its forms in Kosovo. As a phenomenon that is present in all pores of social life, it is considered, although one of the main factors and key problems in the economic development of Kosovo, for the reason that organized crime cannot be conceived and function without the support and assistance of institutions. The fight against this very serious crime cannot be effective and efficient without a proper justice system, where many institutional mechanisms are incorporated in this system. Although, in this regard, Kosovo as a new state has taken the necessary steps to regulate the legal infrastructure in its fight, but still has a lot of work to do to make the relevant institutions that deal with its prevention and combat.
{"title":"Roli dhe zhvillimi i krimit të organizuar në aspektin historik (The Role and Development of the Organized Crime in Historical Aspect)","authors":"Besim Zogaj","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3590219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3590219","url":null,"abstract":"Albanian Abstract: Krimi i organizuar si fenomen është mjaft shqetësues sot në botën bashkëkohore, veçanti është një problem në shtetet e pazhvilluar dhe në tranzicion. Në këtë drejtim, vlen të theksohet prania e krimit të organizuar dhe formave të tij në Kosovë. Si fenomen që është i pranishëm në të gjitha poret e jetës shoqërore, konsiderohet, ndonëse një ndër faktorët kryesore dhe problem kyç në zhvillimin ekonomik të Kosovës, për arsye, se krimi i organizuar nuk mund të kosilidohet dhe të funksionoj pa mbështetjen dhe ndihmën e institucioneve shtetërore. Përshkrimi i këtij fenomen sot trajtohet në të gjitha raportet e organizatave ndërkombëtare dhe vendore, me theks të veçantë i kushton rëndësi luftimin dhe parandalimit të tij. Lufta ndaj këtij krimi shumë të rëndë nuk mund të jetë efektive dhe efikase pa një sistem të mirëfilltë të drejtësisë, ku në këtë sistem janë të inkorporuar shumë mekanizma institucionale. Ndonëse, në këtë aspekt, Kosova si shtet i ri ka ndërmarr veprime të domosdoshme në rregullimin e infrastrukturës ligjore në luftimin e tij, por i mbetet akoma shumë punë në drejtimin të funksionalizimin të institucioneve relevante që merren me parandalimin dhe luftimin e tij. Në këtë kontekst edhe studimi i këtij punimi është përqendruar në atë bërthamën kryesore të trajtimit të krimit të organizuar dhe formave të tij në Kosovë. English Abstract: The aim of these papers is to presentation some of phenomena that are in Republic of Kosova and it will comport with some countries. The organized of crime as a phenomenon is quite worrying today in our modern world, so in particular it is a problem in underdeveloped and transitional states. In this regard, it is worth noting the presence of the organized crime and its forms in Kosovo. As a phenomenon that is present in all pores of social life, it is considered, although one of the main factors and key problems in the economic development of Kosovo, for the reason that organized crime cannot be conceived and function without the support and assistance of institutions. The fight against this very serious crime cannot be effective and efficient without a proper justice system, where many institutional mechanisms are incorporated in this system. Although, in this regard, Kosovo as a new state has taken the necessary steps to regulate the legal infrastructure in its fight, but still has a lot of work to do to make the relevant institutions that deal with its prevention and combat.","PeriodicalId":158909,"journal":{"name":"Art History eJournal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133667948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faisal Alnori, Abdullah Salem Bugshan, Walid Bakry
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the difference between the determinants of cash holdings of shariah-compliant and non-shariah-compliant firms, for non-financial corporations in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).
Methodology: The data includes all non-financial firms listed in six GCC markets over the period 2005 to 2016. The Ideal Ratings database is used to identify shariah-compliant firms in the GCC. To examine the determinants of cash holdings, static model is used. To confirm the applicability of the method applied, the Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier (LM) and Hausman (1978) are employed to choose the most efficient and consistent static panel regression.
Findings: The Results show that, for shariah-complaint firms, the relevant determinants of cash holdings are leverage, profitability, capital expenditure, and net working capital. For non-shariah-compliant firms, the only relevant determinants of cash holdings are leverage and net working capital. The findings suggest that cash holding decisions of shariah-complaint firms can be best explained using the pecking order theory. This reveals that shariah-compliant firms use liquid assets as their first financing option since, due to the shariah regulations.
Research limitations/implications: Future studies may investigate the optimal levels of cash holdings and compare the adjustment speeds toward target cash holdings of both the shariah-compliant firms and their conventional counterparts.
Originality/value: This study is the first to investigate the difference between the determinants of cash holdings of shariah-compliant and non-shariah-compliant firms.
{"title":"The Financial Determinants of Corporate Cash Holdings: Does Shariah-Compliance Matter?","authors":"Faisal Alnori, Abdullah Salem Bugshan, Walid Bakry","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3729096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3729096","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the difference between the determinants of cash holdings of shariah-compliant and non-shariah-compliant firms, for non-financial corporations in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). <br><br>Methodology: The data includes all non-financial firms listed in six GCC markets over the period 2005 to 2016. The Ideal Ratings database is used to identify shariah-compliant firms in the GCC. To examine the determinants of cash holdings, static model is used. To confirm the applicability of the method applied, the Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier (LM) and Hausman (1978) are employed to choose the most efficient and consistent static panel regression. <br><br>Findings: The Results show that, for shariah-complaint firms, the relevant determinants of cash holdings are leverage, profitability, capital expenditure, and net working capital. For non-shariah-compliant firms, the only relevant determinants of cash holdings are leverage and net working capital. The findings suggest that cash holding decisions of shariah-complaint firms can be best explained using the pecking order theory. This reveals that shariah-compliant firms use liquid assets as their first financing option since, due to the shariah regulations.<br><br>Research limitations/implications: Future studies may investigate the optimal levels of cash holdings and compare the adjustment speeds toward target cash holdings of both the shariah-compliant firms and their conventional counterparts.<br><br>Originality/value: This study is the first to investigate the difference between the determinants of cash holdings of shariah-compliant and non-shariah-compliant firms.","PeriodicalId":158909,"journal":{"name":"Art History eJournal","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126287725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to estimate externalities created round a cultural heritage preservation site. A research was conducted concerning the ruins of an ancient ‘Sacred Way’ (Iera Odos) located in Attica, Greece. The sample of the research was 200 citizens (interviewees). It is used the CVM (Contingent Valuation Method) and Logit model of the regression analysis. The preservation of cultural heritage is entailing excessive cost (paid by people through taxation) while is a source of additional income for both, the State and the people, due to tourism. Since the evaluation of this good cannot be in market terms, authors apply a modified version of the CVM (Contingent Valuation Method). The findings show there is strong evidence that at the 5% significance level, WTP (against WTA) is a better preferred course of action i.e., leaving the ruins situation as it is, performing only the necessary remediation, proceeding with radical restoration. All statistical processing of answers, obtained through a properly designed/circulated questionnaire, was carried out by Logit model regression analysis. The model gave significant (at 0.05 levels) dependence of WTPar (Willingness to Participation) on preferred course of action (i.e., leaving the ruins situation as is, performing only the necessary remediation, proceeding with radical restoration).
{"title":"The Contingent Valuation Method in Excavation/Preservation the Ancient Eleusinian Sacred Way in Greece","authors":"O. Kopsidas, A. Anastasiou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3500842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3500842","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to estimate externalities created round a cultural heritage preservation site. A research was conducted concerning the ruins of an ancient ‘Sacred Way’ (Iera Odos) located in Attica, Greece. The sample of the research was 200 citizens (interviewees). It is used the CVM (Contingent Valuation Method) and Logit model of the regression analysis. The preservation of cultural heritage is entailing excessive cost (paid by people through taxation) while is a source of additional income for both, the State and the people, due to tourism. Since the evaluation of this good cannot be in market terms, authors apply a modified version of the CVM (Contingent Valuation Method). The findings show there is strong evidence that at the 5% significance level, WTP (against WTA) is a better preferred course of action i.e., leaving the ruins situation as it is, performing only the necessary remediation, proceeding with radical restoration. All statistical processing of answers, obtained through a properly designed/circulated questionnaire, was carried out by Logit model regression analysis. The model gave significant (at 0.05 levels) dependence of WTPar (Willingness to Participation) on preferred course of action (i.e., leaving the ruins situation as is, performing only the necessary remediation, proceeding with radical restoration).","PeriodicalId":158909,"journal":{"name":"Art History eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116964401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Printmaking represents one of the most important branches of art in which innovation and creativity are clearly evident. This is shown in the large number of techniques used to prepare the printing surfaces and molds, as well as the possibilities of innovation and improvement and using new materials and tools in which the artist may see as fulfilling his artistic needs.
In the last years of the twentieth century, art prints have experienced many trials that have reinforced the innovative thought depending on involving different printing media and techniques. This is for the purpose of innovation and enriching traditional media and techniques by using new media and technologies to add visual and expressive values to the printed artwork in a way that suits the current age.
Pop Art artists created one of the most important new ways in producing their printing artworks depending on the idea of constructing the printing surfaces.
{"title":"New Printing Molds and Its Impact on Art Prints","authors":"El Sayed Kandil","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3634660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3634660","url":null,"abstract":"Printmaking represents one of the most important branches of art in which innovation and creativity are clearly evident. This is shown in the large number of techniques used to prepare the printing surfaces and molds, as well as the possibilities of innovation and improvement and using new materials and tools in which the artist may see as fulfilling his artistic needs. <br><br>In the last years of the twentieth century, art prints have experienced many trials that have reinforced the innovative thought depending on involving different printing media and techniques. This is for the purpose of innovation and enriching traditional media and techniques by using new media and technologies to add visual and expressive values to the printed artwork in a way that suits the current age.<br><br>Pop Art artists created one of the most important new ways in producing their printing artworks depending on the idea of constructing the printing surfaces.","PeriodicalId":158909,"journal":{"name":"Art History eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129162950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pablo Picasso was by far the greatest artist of the 20th century: textbooks of art history contain more than twice as many illustrations of his work as of that of his closest rival, Henri Matisse. A survey of textbooks also identifies Jackson Pollock as the greatest American artist, by a narrow margin over Andy Warhol. The 15 greatest artists of the century include nine conceptual innovators, who made their greatest contributions early in their lives, in their 20s and 30s, and six experimental innovators, who generally did their greatest work in their 40s and 50s - and even, in the case of Mondrian, in his 70s. Contrary to the belief of many humanists, the textbooks show that in art, as in all intellectual activities, importance is determined by innovation.
{"title":"The Greatest Artists of the Twentieth Century","authors":"David W. Galenson","doi":"10.3386/W11899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W11899","url":null,"abstract":"Pablo Picasso was by far the greatest artist of the 20th century: textbooks of art history contain more than twice as many illustrations of his work as of that of his closest rival, Henri Matisse. A survey of textbooks also identifies Jackson Pollock as the greatest American artist, by a narrow margin over Andy Warhol. The 15 greatest artists of the century include nine conceptual innovators, who made their greatest contributions early in their lives, in their 20s and 30s, and six experimental innovators, who generally did their greatest work in their 40s and 50s - and even, in the case of Mondrian, in his 70s. Contrary to the belief of many humanists, the textbooks show that in art, as in all intellectual activities, importance is determined by innovation.","PeriodicalId":158909,"journal":{"name":"Art History eJournal","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132198611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There have been two very different life cycles for important modern artists: some, including Picasso, have made their greatest contributions early in their careers, whereas others, like C‚zanne, have produced their best work late in their lives. Art's young geniuses have worked deductively to make conceptual innovations, while its old masters have worked inductively, to innovate experimentally. These two life cycles emerge from quantitative analysis of a wide range of evidence, and recognizing the differences between them allows a new understanding of a number of issues in art history. The two life cycles are furthermore not limited to painting, for the association between deduction and early achievement, and that between induction and late creativity, also clearly appear in quantitative studies of the careers of important economists and poets. Understanding the careers of modern artists therefore leads to a deeper understanding of the life cycles of human creativity in general.
{"title":"The Life Cycles of Modern Artists: Theory, Measurement, and Implications","authors":"David W. Galenson","doi":"10.3386/W9539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W9539","url":null,"abstract":"There have been two very different life cycles for important modern artists: some, including Picasso, have made their greatest contributions early in their careers, whereas others, like C‚zanne, have produced their best work late in their lives. Art's young geniuses have worked deductively to make conceptual innovations, while its old masters have worked inductively, to innovate experimentally. These two life cycles emerge from quantitative analysis of a wide range of evidence, and recognizing the differences between them allows a new understanding of a number of issues in art history. The two life cycles are furthermore not limited to painting, for the association between deduction and early achievement, and that between induction and late creativity, also clearly appear in quantitative studies of the careers of important economists and poets. Understanding the careers of modern artists therefore leads to a deeper understanding of the life cycles of human creativity in general.","PeriodicalId":158909,"journal":{"name":"Art History eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129031074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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