Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11807.003.0033
{"title":"An Interview with the Yes Men","authors":"","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/11807.003.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11807.003.0033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":158948,"journal":{"name":"Fake News","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114234535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11807.003.0039
Melissa Zimdars
___0 ___+1 During the 2016 presidential primary season, I gleefully shared an article on Facebook alleging that Aaron Rodgers, who is the quarterback for the Green Bay Packers, attended a rally for presidential hopeful Bernie Sanders. The article spread like wildfire among my online friends group, many of whom are also overlapping fans of both the Packers and Bernie Sanders Unfortunately, this article turned out to be from a fake news website, United Media Publishing. I was fooled by fake news. I implicitly trusted my many friends on social media sharing the story. The headline made me excited and hopeful about the primary election, and it did a good job of confirming what I wanted to believe as true about Rodgers: that he’s a cool dude who shares my political views. I share this anecdote to demonstrate just how easy it is to be “duped” by fake news. I have a Ph.D. in communication studies and I am a critical scholar, so you might think I would have been more careful. However, I do not (or at least did not) analyze each and every bit of information I come across online, especially on platforms I use for “fun,” and I don’t think I’m alone in this habit. Some evidence suggests many of us share or retweet without actually reading what we are sharing or retweeting, which is definitely true in my instance of sharing fake news. The fact that I’m highly educated in the ways of critically analyzing media— and the fact that I see other highly educated people share similarly questionable sources— points to online misinformation as being more complicated than a lack of education, critical thinking skills, or digital media literacy. Despite fake news being part of a complex problem involving the production, distribution, and reception of various kinds of information, the majority of current “solutions” to fake news deal primarily with reception and with individuals. Viral “fake news” lists, any one of the dozens of fake 29 Viral “Fake News” Lists and the Limitations of Labeling and FactChecking
在2016年总统初选期间，我高兴地在Facebook上分享了一篇文章，声称绿湾包装工队(Green Bay Packers)的四分卫亚伦·罗杰斯(Aaron Rodgers)参加了总统候选人伯尼·桑德斯的集会。这篇文章像野火一样在我的网络朋友群中传播开来，他们中的许多人也是包装工队和伯尼·桑德斯的忠实粉丝。不幸的是，这篇文章原来来自一个假新闻网站，联合媒体出版公司。我被假新闻骗了。我由衷地相信我在社交媒体上分享这个故事的许多朋友。这个标题让我对初选感到兴奋和充满希望，它很好地证实了我对罗杰斯的看法:他是一个很酷的家伙，和我有同样的政治观点。我分享这个轶事是为了证明，被假新闻“欺骗”是多么容易。我有传播学博士学位，我是一个批判的学者，所以你可能会认为我应该更小心。然而，我并没有(或者至少没有)分析我在网上遇到的每一点信息，特别是在我用来“娱乐”的平台上，我不认为我是唯一一个有这个习惯的人。一些证据表明，我们中的许多人都没有真正阅读我们分享或转发的内容，这在我分享假新闻的例子中是绝对正确的。事实上，我在批判性分析媒体方面受过高等教育，而且我看到其他受过高等教育的人也分享同样有问题的信息来源，这表明网络上的错误信息比缺乏教育、批判性思维技能或数字媒体素养更复杂。尽管假新闻是一个复杂问题的一部分，涉及各种信息的生产、传播和接收，但目前大多数假新闻的“解决方案”主要涉及接收和个人。病毒式“假新闻”列表，任何一个假的病毒式“假新闻”列表和标签和事实核查的局限性
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11807.003.0009
{"title":"Journalism and the New Information Ecosystem: Responsibilities and Challenges","authors":"","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/11807.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11807.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":158948,"journal":{"name":"Fake News","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126109731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/11807.003.0004
{"title":"The Political Function of Fake News: Disorganized Propaganda in the Era of Automated Media","authors":"","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/11807.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11807.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":158948,"journal":{"name":"Fake News","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123690100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5771/9783748912750-147
Tamina Preuß
{"title":"5 Die Strafbarkeit von Fake News de lege lata","authors":"Tamina Preuß","doi":"10.5771/9783748912750-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748912750-147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":158948,"journal":{"name":"Fake News","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114637457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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