Background & Aims: Given the increasing elderly population in Iran, it seems necessary to pay attention to the general health of the elderly women without a spouse, who constitute a significant percentage of the elderly population in Iran. This study aimed to compare the general health and happiness of elderly women with and without a spouse referred to Bandar Abbas health centers in 2018. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 390 elderly women with and without a spouse, using the quota cluster sampling method. Data were collected using three questionnaires (demographic, Goldberg and Hillier's General Health, and Oxford Happiness) and were processed using SPSS software v. 21. Results: In this study, out of 260 elderly women with a spouse, 218 (83.8%), and out of 130 elderly women without a spouse, 83 (63.8%) were under 70 years old. Most women without a spouse (67.6%) and a spouse (65%) have 5 to 9 children. About half of women in the two groups (48.5% in the group with a spouse and 50% in the other group) had primary education, most (94.2% in the group with a spouse, and 95.4% in the group without a spouse) were housewives. In terms of economic status, most of the two groups (61.5% of each group) were at a moderate level. The two groups were homogeneous regarding demographic variables except for age and years of living with a spouse (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that the average general health score in both groups was lower than the cut-off points for the whole test (23), which indicates the excellent health level of most of these women. But the average health score in this study is higher than the results of the Yazdani study in Tehran. (Yazdani, 2010), and Nejati study in Qom (Nejati, 2005). The study also found that the mean happiness score was higher in married women, but this difference was not statistically significant. (P=0.17). Other factors besides having a spouse, such as the quality of marital life, also play a role in the mental health of older women.
背景和目的:鉴于伊朗老年人口不断增加，似乎有必要关注无配偶老年妇女的总体健康状况，她们占伊朗老年人口的很大比例。这项研究旨在比较2018年到阿巴斯港健康中心就诊的有配偶和没有配偶的老年妇女的总体健康和幸福感。材料与方法:采用定额整群抽样方法，对390名有配偶和无配偶的老年妇女进行描述性分析研究。数据通过三份调查问卷(人口统计，Goldberg and Hillier’s General Health, Oxford Happiness)收集，并使用SPSS软件v. 21进行处理。结果:在本研究中，260名有配偶的老年妇女中，218人(83.8%)，130名无配偶的老年妇女中，70岁以下的有83人(63.8%)。大多数没有配偶的女性(67.6%)和有配偶的女性(65%)有5到9个孩子。两组女性中约有一半(有配偶组48.5%，有配偶组50%)受过初等教育，大多数(有配偶组94.2%，无配偶组95.4%)是家庭主妇。在经济状况方面，两组的大多数(各占61.5%)处于中等水平。除了年龄和与配偶共同生活的年限外，两组在人口统计学变量上是同质的(P<0.001)。结论:结果显示，两组妇女的一般健康平均分均低于整个测试的分界点(23分)，表明大多数妇女的健康水平良好。但这项研究的平均健康得分高于德黑兰Yazdani研究的结果。(Yazdani, 2010)和库姆的Nejati研究(Nejati, 2005)。研究还发现，已婚女性的平均幸福感得分更高，但这种差异在统计上并不显著。(P = 0.17)。除了有配偶之外，婚姻生活质量等其他因素也对老年妇女的心理健康起作用。
{"title":"Comparing General Health and Happiness in Elderly Women With and Without a Spouse Referring to Health Centers in Bandar Abbas, Iran, in 2018","authors":"S. Ghanbari, H. Sadeghi, L. Amini, S. Haghani","doi":"10.32598/ijn.34.5.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijn.34.5.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Given the increasing elderly population in Iran, it seems necessary to pay attention to the general health of the elderly women without a spouse, who constitute a significant percentage of the elderly population in Iran. This study aimed to compare the general health and happiness of elderly women with and without a spouse referred to Bandar Abbas health centers in 2018. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 390 elderly women with and without a spouse, using the quota cluster sampling method. Data were collected using three questionnaires (demographic, Goldberg and Hillier's General Health, and Oxford Happiness) and were processed using SPSS software v. 21. Results: In this study, out of 260 elderly women with a spouse, 218 (83.8%), and out of 130 elderly women without a spouse, 83 (63.8%) were under 70 years old. Most women without a spouse (67.6%) and a spouse (65%) have 5 to 9 children. About half of women in the two groups (48.5% in the group with a spouse and 50% in the other group) had primary education, most (94.2% in the group with a spouse, and 95.4% in the group without a spouse) were housewives. In terms of economic status, most of the two groups (61.5% of each group) were at a moderate level. The two groups were homogeneous regarding demographic variables except for age and years of living with a spouse (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that the average general health score in both groups was lower than the cut-off points for the whole test (23), which indicates the excellent health level of most of these women. But the average health score in this study is higher than the results of the Yazdani study in Tehran. (Yazdani, 2010), and Nejati study in Qom (Nejati, 2005). The study also found that the mean happiness score was higher in married women, but this difference was not statistically significant. (P=0.17). Other factors besides having a spouse, such as the quality of marital life, also play a role in the mental health of older women.","PeriodicalId":159095,"journal":{"name":"Iran Journal of Nursing","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126170308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Alirezaee, M. Mardani Hamooleh, N. Seyedfatemi, M. Ghaljeh, S. Haghani
Background & Aims: Paying attention to positive and negative emotions is very important and is one of the predictors of happiness and satisfaction in life. When judging the happiness and satisfaction of their lives, some people pay attention to the level of their negative and positive emotions, which indicates that their positive emotions prevail over negative ones. Nursing students experience a range of positive and negative emotions during their studies, and in the meantime, negative emotions and feelings can become more troublesome and hinder their learning. Studies show that emotions students experience in different learning environments can act as facilitators for their academic success, academic adjustment, and psychological well-being. Also, the results of studies show a significant positive relationship between students' positive emotion and their academic achievement. Students who receive compassion-based education have more hope, self-esteem, and overall mental health than their peers. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of self-compassion training on the positive and negative emotions of nursing students. Materials & Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design, which was conducted on 50 undergraduate nursing students studying at Iran University of Medical Sciences in the second semester of 2020. Inclusion criteria were being a bachelor student, not using psychiatric drugs, no stressful events such as divorce, death of loved ones, etc. in the past four months and a history of attending similar training classes. Exclusion criteria were not answering the exercises for at least 2 sessions. The students were selected through convenience sampling method and took the pretest. Then, students underwent training for eight 60-minute sessions (during one month and for two sessions each week). Some tasks were considered for the students in the interval of two sessions that were held during a week, and the students sent the answers of these exercises individually to the researcher. The students took the posttest one month after the last session. The instruments used were Results: The results of paired t-test showed that the positive emotions of the nursing students in the posttest with a mean score of 37.2 ± 9.5 was significantly higher than the pretest with a mean score of 21.24 ± 2.36, which indicates the superiority of the numerical indicators of positive emotion (P=0.001; t=23.388). Also, the results of paired t-test on negative emotions showed that the posttest score (12.2 ± 44.5) was significantly lower than the pretest score (20.34 ± 1.72), which indicates the superiority of the numerical indicators of negative emotion of nursing students (P<0.001; t=19.89). The results indicated that in the posttest, the scores of positive emotions increased significantly in all the time dimensions, while the scores of negative emotions decreased significantly. Conclusion: The results of present study show that
{"title":"Effects of Self-compassion Training on the Positive and Negative Emotions of Nursing Students: A Quasi-experimental Study","authors":"F. Alirezaee, M. Mardani Hamooleh, N. Seyedfatemi, M. Ghaljeh, S. Haghani","doi":"10.52547/ijn.34.132.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijn.34.132.21","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Paying attention to positive and negative emotions is very important and is one of the predictors of happiness and satisfaction in life. When judging the happiness and satisfaction of their lives, some people pay attention to the level of their negative and positive emotions, which indicates that their positive emotions prevail over negative ones. Nursing students experience a range of positive and negative emotions during their studies, and in the meantime, negative emotions and feelings can become more troublesome and hinder their learning. Studies show that emotions students experience in different learning environments can act as facilitators for their academic success, academic adjustment, and psychological well-being. Also, the results of studies show a significant positive relationship between students' positive emotion and their academic achievement. Students who receive compassion-based education have more hope, self-esteem, and overall mental health than their peers. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of self-compassion training on the positive and negative emotions of nursing students. Materials & Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design, which was conducted on 50 undergraduate nursing students studying at Iran University of Medical Sciences in the second semester of 2020. Inclusion criteria were being a bachelor student, not using psychiatric drugs, no stressful events such as divorce, death of loved ones, etc. in the past four months and a history of attending similar training classes. Exclusion criteria were not answering the exercises for at least 2 sessions. The students were selected through convenience sampling method and took the pretest. Then, students underwent training for eight 60-minute sessions (during one month and for two sessions each week). Some tasks were considered for the students in the interval of two sessions that were held during a week, and the students sent the answers of these exercises individually to the researcher. The students took the posttest one month after the last session. The instruments used were Results: The results of paired t-test showed that the positive emotions of the nursing students in the posttest with a mean score of 37.2 ± 9.5 was significantly higher than the pretest with a mean score of 21.24 ± 2.36, which indicates the superiority of the numerical indicators of positive emotion (P=0.001; t=23.388). Also, the results of paired t-test on negative emotions showed that the posttest score (12.2 ± 44.5) was significantly lower than the pretest score (20.34 ± 1.72), which indicates the superiority of the numerical indicators of negative emotion of nursing students (P<0.001; t=19.89). The results indicated that in the posttest, the scores of positive emotions increased significantly in all the time dimensions, while the scores of negative emotions decreased significantly. Conclusion: The results of present study show that","PeriodicalId":159095,"journal":{"name":"Iran Journal of Nursing","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115748974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Nasiri ziba, F. Shafie Bafti, N. Seyedfatemi, T. Doroudi, H. Haghani
Background & Aims: Spinal cord injury is usually debilitating and has many negative effects on the quality of life of people due to secondary complications. Therefore, improving the quality of life of people with spinal cord injury is one of the main priorities in the nursing profession. Also, educating self-care behaviors and obtaining information from nurses can be helpful for people with this problem. Self-care is also the most important form of primary care for chronic diseases in the health sector. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of self-care education on the quality of life of people with spinal cord injury referred to Khatam OlAnbia Hospital in Tehran. Materials & Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a control group. 84 patients with spinal cord injury referred to Khatam Ol-Anbia Hospital in Tehran in the first 6 months of 2020 were selected through systematic random sampling and divided in two groups; an intervention group and a control group. The questionnaire used in this study is an abbreviated form of WHO Quality of Life Assessment Group. WHOQOL-BREF Introduction is a 26-item questionnaire that measures a person's overall quality of life. This questionnaire has four subscales and an overall score. These subscales include: physical health, mental health, social relationships, environmental health, and an overall score. The reliability of Quality of Life questionnaire was achieved through Cronbach's alpha which was equal to α= 0.79 and internal correlation coefficient was calculated for relative reliability which was equal to 0.85. After coordination with the officials of Khatam OlAnbia Hospital in Tehran, the researcher referred to the spinal cord injury wards and after introducing himself, explaining the nature and objective of the research, and the procedures to conduct the study to the ward staff, the patients, and their companions, received informed consent from the patients. The pre-test was performed for both groups and before the intervention, the questionnaires of demographic characteristics and WHO Quality of Life were completed by patients admitted to the spinal cord injury wards. Then, the intervention group was formed in the social network entitled "Self-care and spinal cord injuries" and in addition to the usual training, 30-session self-care training was conducted every day for 30 minutes which lasted a month. The training included description of the disease, complications of the disease, types of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for disease control, self-care and its importance in rehabilitation, how to follow a proper diet, how to follow the prescribed medication and daily activities, exercise and physical activity, counseling and talking with friends, family and nonfamily support, the skills of how to change the position, transfer, increase performance and independence of patients with spinal cord injury. In this study, 42 patients participated in each group
背景与目的:脊髓损伤通常使人衰弱，并且由于继发性并发症而对人们的生活质量产生许多负面影响。因此，提高脊髓损伤患者的生活质量是护理专业的主要重点之一。此外，教育自我护理行为和从护士那里获得信息对有这个问题的人有帮助。自我保健也是卫生部门慢性病初级保健的最重要形式。本研究的目的是确定自我保健教育对在德黑兰Khatam OlAnbia医院就诊的脊髓损伤患者的生活质量的影响。材料与方法:本研究为准实验研究，并设对照组。采用系统随机抽样的方法，选取2020年前6个月在德黑兰Khatam Ol-Anbia医院就诊的84例脊髓损伤患者，分为两组;干预组和对照组。本研究使用的问卷是世界卫生组织生活质量评估小组问卷的缩写形式。WHOQOL-BREF简介是一份包含26个项目的问卷，用来衡量一个人的整体生活质量。本问卷有四个分量表和一个总分。这些子量表包括:身体健康、心理健康、社会关系、环境健康和总分。生活质量问卷的信度采用Cronbach’s alpha法计算，其信度为α= 0.79，计算相对信度的内相关系数，其信度为0.85。在与德黑兰Khatam OlAnbia医院的官员协调后，研究人员提到脊髓损伤病房，在自我介绍、解释研究的性质和目的以及向病房工作人员进行研究的程序后，患者及其同伴获得了患者的知情同意。两组均进行前测，干预前对脊髓损伤病房住院患者进行人口统计学特征和WHO生活质量问卷调查。然后在“自我护理与脊髓损伤”社交网络中组成干预组，在常规训练的基础上，每天进行30次、每次30分钟的自我护理训练，持续一个月。培训内容包括疾病描述、疾病并发症、疾病控制的药物和非药物治疗类型、自我保健及其在康复中的重要性、如何遵循适当的饮食、如何遵循处方药物和日常活动、锻炼和体育活动、咨询和与朋友交谈、家人和非家庭支持、如何改变体位、转移、提高脊髓损伤患者的表现和独立性。本研究每组42例患者，干预组4例，对照组2例，因取消合作、未在测试前或测试后阶段完成问卷、未学习提交的材料超过三次(根据反馈、每日回顾信息信息、分析阅读或交付选项)等原因被排除在研究之外。伊朗医科大学护理与助产学院外科护理系，伊朗德黑兰。伊朗医学科学大学护理与助产学院外科护理系，伊朗德黑兰(通讯作者)电话:09136782876邮箱:shafiebafti.f@iums.ac.ir。伊朗医学大学护理与助产学院护理研究中心精神科护理学系，伊朗德黑兰。伊朗德黑兰KhatamOl-Anbia医院Shefa神经科学研究中心心理学系。生物统计学、学校卫生、伊朗大学医学科学,德黑兰,伊朗噢问oa de D fr om ij n . iu m S ac .ir t 4: 3 6 IR S t o n S联合国da y n ov em是r 28 th 2 02 1ناریایراتسرپهیرشنهرود34هرامش/ 132 /نابآهام1400的社交网络),最后总共38例由干预组和40例控制
{"title":"Evaluation of The effect of Self-Care Education on Quality of Life in People with Spinal Cord Injury","authors":"F. Nasiri ziba, F. Shafie Bafti, N. Seyedfatemi, T. Doroudi, H. Haghani","doi":"10.52547/ijn.34.132.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijn.34.132.89","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Spinal cord injury is usually debilitating and has many negative effects on the quality of life of people due to secondary complications. Therefore, improving the quality of life of people with spinal cord injury is one of the main priorities in the nursing profession. Also, educating self-care behaviors and obtaining information from nurses can be helpful for people with this problem. Self-care is also the most important form of primary care for chronic diseases in the health sector. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of self-care education on the quality of life of people with spinal cord injury referred to Khatam OlAnbia Hospital in Tehran. Materials & Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a control group. 84 patients with spinal cord injury referred to Khatam Ol-Anbia Hospital in Tehran in the first 6 months of 2020 were selected through systematic random sampling and divided in two groups; an intervention group and a control group. The questionnaire used in this study is an abbreviated form of WHO Quality of Life Assessment Group. WHOQOL-BREF Introduction is a 26-item questionnaire that measures a person's overall quality of life. This questionnaire has four subscales and an overall score. These subscales include: physical health, mental health, social relationships, environmental health, and an overall score. The reliability of Quality of Life questionnaire was achieved through Cronbach's alpha which was equal to α= 0.79 and internal correlation coefficient was calculated for relative reliability which was equal to 0.85. After coordination with the officials of Khatam OlAnbia Hospital in Tehran, the researcher referred to the spinal cord injury wards and after introducing himself, explaining the nature and objective of the research, and the procedures to conduct the study to the ward staff, the patients, and their companions, received informed consent from the patients. The pre-test was performed for both groups and before the intervention, the questionnaires of demographic characteristics and WHO Quality of Life were completed by patients admitted to the spinal cord injury wards. Then, the intervention group was formed in the social network entitled \"Self-care and spinal cord injuries\" and in addition to the usual training, 30-session self-care training was conducted every day for 30 minutes which lasted a month. The training included description of the disease, complications of the disease, types of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for disease control, self-care and its importance in rehabilitation, how to follow a proper diet, how to follow the prescribed medication and daily activities, exercise and physical activity, counseling and talking with friends, family and nonfamily support, the skills of how to change the position, transfer, increase performance and independence of patients with spinal cord injury. In this study, 42 patients participated in each group","PeriodicalId":159095,"journal":{"name":"Iran Journal of Nursing","volume":"44 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114000970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims: According to statistics, about 10% to 12% of babies born in developing countries are preterm. Iran is among the countries with a high incidence of preterm birth. Some babies require care in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Premature birth is an emotional crisis for parents, and the hospitalization of preterm infants in the NICU is a cause of many families' suffering. Mothers of preterm infants experience emotional shock and may express feelings such as a depressed mood. Approximately, 28 to 70% of the mothers of preterm infants experience significant degrees of stress. Parents of preterm infants often suffer much psychological distress due to enduring the infant's unknown clinical conditions in the NICU, observation of aggressive treatments, and not participating in infant care. Therefore, it is essential to pay attention to the mental health of mothers of preterm infants. Previous studies have revealed limited information on the mood and mental state of mothers of preterm infants. Most studies have examined the effects of massage on the physical and psychological state of preterm infants, but few studies have investigated the effect of massage on their mothers' moods. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of infant massage on depressed mood of mothers of preterm infants who were discharged from the NICU. Materials & Methods: In this quasi-experimental clinical trial which was conducted during October 2015-April 2016, 70 mothers and their preterm infants with fetal age of 32-37 weeks were assigned to one experimental and one control group. The study population was primiparous Iranian women whose preterm infants were hospitalized in the NICU for at least two days and were supposed to be discharged from the ward within the next 24 hours. A continuous sampling method was used so that on consecutive days in the morning shift, research samples were selected from eligible mothers and infants. After studying the infants' records and visiting a specialist, eligible mothers whose infants were ordered to be discharged within the next 24 hours were included in the study. The following cases were was done in the first 4 minutes by the researcher and in the second 4 minutes by the mother. After the intervention, the depressed mood was re-measured. In all stages of massage, in case of infant crying, urination, or defecation, tactile stimuli were stopped and then intervention continued. The control group received no intervention. Results: Out of 75 mother-infant dyad participating in the study, 70 completed the study. 5 cases withdrew from the study (three and two mother-infant dyad in the experimental and control groups, respectively). Three samples were excluded from the study due to readmission (two in the experimental group and one in the control group) and two samples were removed from the study due to discharge with the personal consent of the parents (one in each group). Out of 70 mother-infant dyad, 35 remained
{"title":"Effects of Infant Massage on Depressed Mood in Mothers of Preterm Infants","authors":"M. Keshavarz, A. Montazeri","doi":"10.52547/ijn.34.132.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijn.34.132.77","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: According to statistics, about 10% to 12% of babies born in developing countries are preterm. Iran is among the countries with a high incidence of preterm birth. Some babies require care in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Premature birth is an emotional crisis for parents, and the hospitalization of preterm infants in the NICU is a cause of many families' suffering. Mothers of preterm infants experience emotional shock and may express feelings such as a depressed mood. Approximately, 28 to 70% of the mothers of preterm infants experience significant degrees of stress. Parents of preterm infants often suffer much psychological distress due to enduring the infant's unknown clinical conditions in the NICU, observation of aggressive treatments, and not participating in infant care. Therefore, it is essential to pay attention to the mental health of mothers of preterm infants. Previous studies have revealed limited information on the mood and mental state of mothers of preterm infants. Most studies have examined the effects of massage on the physical and psychological state of preterm infants, but few studies have investigated the effect of massage on their mothers' moods. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of infant massage on depressed mood of mothers of preterm infants who were discharged from the NICU. Materials & Methods: In this quasi-experimental clinical trial which was conducted during October 2015-April 2016, 70 mothers and their preterm infants with fetal age of 32-37 weeks were assigned to one experimental and one control group. The study population was primiparous Iranian women whose preterm infants were hospitalized in the NICU for at least two days and were supposed to be discharged from the ward within the next 24 hours. A continuous sampling method was used so that on consecutive days in the morning shift, research samples were selected from eligible mothers and infants. After studying the infants' records and visiting a specialist, eligible mothers whose infants were ordered to be discharged within the next 24 hours were included in the study. The following cases were was done in the first 4 minutes by the researcher and in the second 4 minutes by the mother. After the intervention, the depressed mood was re-measured. In all stages of massage, in case of infant crying, urination, or defecation, tactile stimuli were stopped and then intervention continued. The control group received no intervention. Results: Out of 75 mother-infant dyad participating in the study, 70 completed the study. 5 cases withdrew from the study (three and two mother-infant dyad in the experimental and control groups, respectively). Three samples were excluded from the study due to readmission (two in the experimental group and one in the control group) and two samples were removed from the study due to discharge with the personal consent of the parents (one in each group). Out of 70 mother-infant dyad, 35 remained","PeriodicalId":159095,"journal":{"name":"Iran Journal of Nursing","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122805715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
These individuals facilitate the 24-hour accessibility of palliative cares for the patients and their families, so that in care planning, the non-professional individuals can be hired to serve as an intermediary for training programs through videoconferences.
{"title":"“Letter to Editor” Telecare; An Approach to the Challenges of Providing Palliative Care during the Corona Crisis","authors":"M. Aghaei, H. Soltani, S. Bodaghi","doi":"10.52547/ijn.34.132.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijn.34.132.1","url":null,"abstract":"These individuals facilitate the 24-hour accessibility of palliative cares for the patients and their families, so that in care planning, the non-professional individuals can be hired to serve as an intermediary for training programs through videoconferences.","PeriodicalId":159095,"journal":{"name":"Iran Journal of Nursing","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131726543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Ebrahimi, Fatemeh Mohammadi Shirmahaleh, M. Habibi, M. M. Hamooleh
Background & Aims: Emotional eating is defined as the tendency to eat in response to stress or negative emotions in order to overcome negative emotions. According to research evidence, emotional eating is harmful to health. For example, emotional eating is associated with weight gain, increased risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that cause emotional eating to be harmful, as it helps us to get a deeper insight into emotional eating and its harms and plan more effective educational and psychological interventions to manage emotional eating. To do this, we need to analyze the experiences of people who have had emotional eating, to explore and explain this behavior from their point of view. As a result, we can identify the various psychological, social, and cultural dimensions of emotional eating. In addition, research evidence shows that emotional eating is more common in obese people than normal weight people, and women are more vulnerable to emotional eating than men. In addition to being universal, emotional eating behavior also has culture-related characteristics. According to these points, the aim of this study was to explain the harmfulness of emotional eating in young Iranian obese women. Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted using a qualitative method and a hermeneutic phenomenological approach in 2020. Participants in this study were 17 young women aged 25 45 years living in Kermanshah or Karaj, with emotional eating experience and a body mass index of 30 or higher. Pregnant women were not included in this study due to their different body mass index. Participants were selected using purposive sampling method with maximum diversity approach. Data were collected through in-depth individual and face-to-face interviews. Sampling and interviews continued until the data saturation stage. The main questions asked of the participants during the interview were as follows: 1) Describe one of your emotional eating experiences and explain the thoughts, ideas, emotions and physical feelings that led you to eat at that time. 2) What other experience in your life is similar to this experience, and what does it mean to you? 3) Under what circumstances do you have the most emotional eating? And what do you think the relationship between these conditions and emotional eating means? 4) What is the difference between the times when you eat emotionally and the times when you eat normally? Also, exploratory questions were asked to analyze the deeper layers of the participants' lived experiences. Some of the exploratory questions asked in the present study were as follows: What did you mean by ....? Could you explain more? Please give an example in this regard? Data analysis began at the same time as data collection process. Dickelman's 7-step method was used to analyze the data. Results: In data analysis, a major theme emerged called "harmful com
{"title":"Harmful Experiences Associated with Emotional Eating of Iranian Obese Women: A Phenomenological Study","authors":"E. Ebrahimi, Fatemeh Mohammadi Shirmahaleh, M. Habibi, M. M. Hamooleh","doi":"10.52547/ijn.34.132.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijn.34.132.47","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Emotional eating is defined as the tendency to eat in response to stress or negative emotions in order to overcome negative emotions. According to research evidence, emotional eating is harmful to health. For example, emotional eating is associated with weight gain, increased risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, and hyperlipidemia. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that cause emotional eating to be harmful, as it helps us to get a deeper insight into emotional eating and its harms and plan more effective educational and psychological interventions to manage emotional eating. To do this, we need to analyze the experiences of people who have had emotional eating, to explore and explain this behavior from their point of view. As a result, we can identify the various psychological, social, and cultural dimensions of emotional eating. In addition, research evidence shows that emotional eating is more common in obese people than normal weight people, and women are more vulnerable to emotional eating than men. In addition to being universal, emotional eating behavior also has culture-related characteristics. According to these points, the aim of this study was to explain the harmfulness of emotional eating in young Iranian obese women. Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted using a qualitative method and a hermeneutic phenomenological approach in 2020. Participants in this study were 17 young women aged 25 45 years living in Kermanshah or Karaj, with emotional eating experience and a body mass index of 30 or higher. Pregnant women were not included in this study due to their different body mass index. Participants were selected using purposive sampling method with maximum diversity approach. Data were collected through in-depth individual and face-to-face interviews. Sampling and interviews continued until the data saturation stage. The main questions asked of the participants during the interview were as follows: 1) Describe one of your emotional eating experiences and explain the thoughts, ideas, emotions and physical feelings that led you to eat at that time. 2) What other experience in your life is similar to this experience, and what does it mean to you? 3) Under what circumstances do you have the most emotional eating? And what do you think the relationship between these conditions and emotional eating means? 4) What is the difference between the times when you eat emotionally and the times when you eat normally? Also, exploratory questions were asked to analyze the deeper layers of the participants' lived experiences. Some of the exploratory questions asked in the present study were as follows: What did you mean by ....? Could you explain more? Please give an example in this regard? Data analysis began at the same time as data collection process. Dickelman's 7-step method was used to analyze the data. Results: In data analysis, a major theme emerged called \"harmful com","PeriodicalId":159095,"journal":{"name":"Iran Journal of Nursing","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117066552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atefeh Bashiri Nejadian, M. H. Bayazi, R. J. Fard, A. Rajaei
Background & Aims: Cancer is a common chronic disease that leads to numerous psychological reactions in patients and affects the reactions of individuals to the physical symptoms of the disease and adherence to treatment in patients. According to forecasts, the number of new cases of cancer in 2025 will reach more than 130,000 people in Iran, which is about 35% more than the present time. The complex and longitudinal process of cancer treatment leads to many psychological complications in patients and their families and causes severe damage to their mental health and quality of family and social life. Various studies have identified several psychological factors that affect people's reactions to physical symptoms of the disease and adherence to treatment in patients. One of the psychological factors affecting health and illness is emotion. It is believed that expressing or not expressing emotion alone cannot be problematic. What causes the problem is the conflict or ambivalence that one experiences in expressing emotion. On the other hand, expressing emotions towards others has a positive relationship with social support. Those who are ambivalent about expressing their emotions toward others are more likely to miss out on the opportunity to receive support from others; while, supporting cancer patients protects them against the negative consequences of this disease and acts like a cure, and has a strong relationship with patients' psychological performance. On the other hand, one of the important issues about patients with chronic diseases which affects the effectiveness of planned therapies is the patient's adherence to treatment. In chronic diseases in which the treatment process takes a long time, adherence to treatment usually decreases; while, adherence to treatment is one of the most important factors in controlling these diseases, and poor adherence to treatment is an alarm for both patients and health care delivery systems, because from a clinical point of view, not following the treatment can reduce the beneficial therapeutic effects, increase complications, and increase hospitalization or even death in patients. The above mentioned points and review of previous researches indicate that many studies have examined psychological variables in cancer patients. However, poor adherence or non- adherence to treatment instructions to develop the necessary training and provide it to patients and their families. Also, according to the results of research on the high level of ambivalence over emotional expressions in cancer patients and its negative effects on adherence to treatment, nurses can have a significant role in reducing ambivalence over emotional expressions in patients by communicating and empathizing with patients and encouraging them to recognize and express their emotions and concerns and promote their self-expression. This way, the nurses can provide better treatment and higher quality of life for patients. The research had some limi
{"title":"Correlations of Ambivalence over Emotional Expression and Social Support with Adherence to Treatment in Cancer Patients","authors":"Atefeh Bashiri Nejadian, M. H. Bayazi, R. J. Fard, A. Rajaei","doi":"10.52547/ijn.34.132.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijn.34.132.33","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Cancer is a common chronic disease that leads to numerous psychological reactions in patients and affects the reactions of individuals to the physical symptoms of the disease and adherence to treatment in patients. According to forecasts, the number of new cases of cancer in 2025 will reach more than 130,000 people in Iran, which is about 35% more than the present time. The complex and longitudinal process of cancer treatment leads to many psychological complications in patients and their families and causes severe damage to their mental health and quality of family and social life. Various studies have identified several psychological factors that affect people's reactions to physical symptoms of the disease and adherence to treatment in patients. One of the psychological factors affecting health and illness is emotion. It is believed that expressing or not expressing emotion alone cannot be problematic. What causes the problem is the conflict or ambivalence that one experiences in expressing emotion. On the other hand, expressing emotions towards others has a positive relationship with social support. Those who are ambivalent about expressing their emotions toward others are more likely to miss out on the opportunity to receive support from others; while, supporting cancer patients protects them against the negative consequences of this disease and acts like a cure, and has a strong relationship with patients' psychological performance. On the other hand, one of the important issues about patients with chronic diseases which affects the effectiveness of planned therapies is the patient's adherence to treatment. In chronic diseases in which the treatment process takes a long time, adherence to treatment usually decreases; while, adherence to treatment is one of the most important factors in controlling these diseases, and poor adherence to treatment is an alarm for both patients and health care delivery systems, because from a clinical point of view, not following the treatment can reduce the beneficial therapeutic effects, increase complications, and increase hospitalization or even death in patients. The above mentioned points and review of previous researches indicate that many studies have examined psychological variables in cancer patients. However, poor adherence or non- adherence to treatment instructions to develop the necessary training and provide it to patients and their families. Also, according to the results of research on the high level of ambivalence over emotional expressions in cancer patients and its negative effects on adherence to treatment, nurses can have a significant role in reducing ambivalence over emotional expressions in patients by communicating and empathizing with patients and encouraging them to recognize and express their emotions and concerns and promote their self-expression. This way, the nurses can provide better treatment and higher quality of life for patients. The research had some limi","PeriodicalId":159095,"journal":{"name":"Iran Journal of Nursing","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122894743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims: Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders, and epileptic patients are prone to physical and psychological diseases and can experience issues such as anxiety, which affect their life quality. In general, epilepsy reduces life quality indexes and life expectancy, which has considerable economic effects on the person and the society and will ultimately lead to problems such as isolation, dependence, psychological damages and disorders, remaining single, unemployment and declining quality of life. Daily preferences and circadian rhythms are recognized as factors affecting epileptic patients’ life quality. As a mental feeling, quality of life is a psychological phenomenon that may play a role in patients’ life quality through personal traits such as daily preferences and circadian rhythms. In other words, circadian rhythms and anxiety are important issues found in epileptic patients, which can affect their quality of life. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between life quality and circadian rhythms and anxiety in epileptic patient members of the Iranian Epilepsy Association. Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study performed on 120 individuals who referred to the Iranian Epilepsy Association. The participants were selected by continuous sampling and based on the inclusion criteria. The sampling process continued for a period of June-August, 2020. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics questionnaire, including age, gender, level of education, marital status, occupational status, average monthly family income, and medical information related to other diseases, duration of diagnosis, and diagnosis of epilepsy in other family members. In addition, we applied the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), which comprises 19 questions about the sleep and waking times and appropriate times for physical, mental and conscious functioning after waking up. Moreover, we used the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), which has 21 items about cognitive and physical signs of anxiety. Furthermore, we exploited the Quality self-report. 20-30 Data performed in SPSS using descriptive, inferential and correlational statistics and multiple linear regression model to determine the predictors of quality of life in patients with epilepsy. functioning with an average of 45.76 had the lowest mean score among other dimensions. Moreover, the average score of quality of life was 50.32 with a standard deviation of 23.03, which was close to the median of the instrument score- i.e., 50. There was a significant negative correlation between the quality of life and all of its dimensions with anxiety, meaning that quality of life and its dimensions decreased with an increase in anxiety (r=-0.673, P<-0.001). In addition, a significant association was observed between anxiety and variables of the level of education, occupational status, income level and hospital
{"title":"Evaluation of the Relationship between Life Quality and Circadian Types and Anxiety in Iranian Epilepsy Association Members with Epilepsy in 2020","authors":"M. Seyedoshohadaee, GH Salighedar, H. Haghani","doi":"10.52547/ijn.34.132.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijn.34.132.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders, and epileptic patients are prone to physical and psychological diseases and can experience issues such as anxiety, which affect their life quality. In general, epilepsy reduces life quality indexes and life expectancy, which has considerable economic effects on the person and the society and will ultimately lead to problems such as isolation, dependence, psychological damages and disorders, remaining single, unemployment and declining quality of life. Daily preferences and circadian rhythms are recognized as factors affecting epileptic patients’ life quality. As a mental feeling, quality of life is a psychological phenomenon that may play a role in patients’ life quality through personal traits such as daily preferences and circadian rhythms. In other words, circadian rhythms and anxiety are important issues found in epileptic patients, which can affect their quality of life. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between life quality and circadian rhythms and anxiety in epileptic patient members of the Iranian Epilepsy Association. Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study performed on 120 individuals who referred to the Iranian Epilepsy Association. The participants were selected by continuous sampling and based on the inclusion criteria. The sampling process continued for a period of June-August, 2020. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics questionnaire, including age, gender, level of education, marital status, occupational status, average monthly family income, and medical information related to other diseases, duration of diagnosis, and diagnosis of epilepsy in other family members. In addition, we applied the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), which comprises 19 questions about the sleep and waking times and appropriate times for physical, mental and conscious functioning after waking up. Moreover, we used the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), which has 21 items about cognitive and physical signs of anxiety. Furthermore, we exploited the Quality self-report. 20-30 Data performed in SPSS using descriptive, inferential and correlational statistics and multiple linear regression model to determine the predictors of quality of life in patients with epilepsy. functioning with an average of 45.76 had the lowest mean score among other dimensions. Moreover, the average score of quality of life was 50.32 with a standard deviation of 23.03, which was close to the median of the instrument score- i.e., 50. There was a significant negative correlation between the quality of life and all of its dimensions with anxiety, meaning that quality of life and its dimensions decreased with an increase in anxiety (r=-0.673, P<-0.001). In addition, a significant association was observed between anxiety and variables of the level of education, occupational status, income level and hospital","PeriodicalId":159095,"journal":{"name":"Iran Journal of Nursing","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116858697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims: Nurses are the largest group of professionals among health care workers who play a significant role in the community health system. Nurses work in environments where the life and death of patients are the most important issues, so their health and well-being become important and having a happy and positive spirit can help them improve their health and that of their patients. Organizations are also increasingly aware of the importance of their employees' well-being in striving to gain sustainable competitive advantages. Over the past decade, the concept of subjective well-being (SWB) has become a popular research topic, and many researchers have examined its implications at the organizational, group, and individual levels in the workplace. Subjective well-being helps organizations to effectively engage their employees at work in an attempt to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Sustaining employees' subjective well-being is a difficult task. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation with nurses' subjective well-being through the mediating role of energy in the workplace. Materials & Methods: This correlational study was conducted in 2020 following structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of this study included all nurses at Baqai Hospital in Ahvaz. The total number of nurses in this hospital was about 200. According to the population size, all nurses were selected as the sample through census method. Among the collected questionnaires, 193 questionnaires were analyzed. The instruments used in this study were: Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (MWMS) developed by Gagné et al., Energy Scale (ES) developed by Atwater and Carmeli, and Subjective Well-Being Scale (SWBS) developed by Diener et al. The theoretical research model and indirect effects were evaluated using structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS-SEM) approach in Smart-PLS3 software. Results: According to the results, the scales used in the present study were reliable, and their reliability indices were estimated as follows: (Cronbach’s alpha: intrinsic motivation=0.91, extrinsic motivation=0.83, amotivation=0.77, energy=0.90, subjective well-being=0.89; composite reliability: intrinsic motivation=0.93, extrinsic motivation=0.89, amotivation=0.87, energy=0.92, subjective well-being=0.92) and convergent validity (AVE: intrinsic motivation=0.68, extrinsic motivation=0.65, amotivation=0.69, energy=0.59, subjective well-being=0.69). The discriminant validity was acceptable as well. Also, the general model of the present study had a strong and very good fit according to the goodness of fit index (GoF = 0.53). The results showed that intrinsic motivation (β = 0.43, p <0.001) and amotivation (β = -0.19, p <0.037) had significant positive and negative relationships with energy, respectively. The relationship between extrinsic motivat
背景与目的:护士是卫生保健工作者中最大的专业群体，在社区卫生系统中发挥着重要作用。护士工作的环境中，病人的生死是最重要的问题，所以他们的健康和幸福变得重要，拥有快乐和积极的精神可以帮助他们改善自己和病人的健康。组织也越来越意识到员工福利在努力获得可持续竞争优势中的重要性。在过去的十年里，主观幸福感(SWB)的概念已经成为一个热门的研究课题，许多研究者在工作场所的组织、群体和个人层面上研究了它的含义。主观幸福感有助于组织有效地参与员工的工作，以实现可持续的竞争优势。维持员工的主观幸福感是一项艰巨的任务。因此，本研究旨在通过工作场所能量的中介作用，探讨内在动机、外在动机和动机与护士主观幸福感的关系。材料与方法:本相关研究于2020年根据结构方程建模(SEM)进行。本研究的统计人群包括阿瓦士巴盖医院的所有护士。这家医院的护士总数约为200人。根据人口规模，采用普查方法选取所有护士作为样本。在收集到的问卷中，对193份问卷进行分析。本研究使用的工具有:gagn<s:1>等人开发的多维工作动机量表(MWMS)、Atwater和Carmeli开发的能量量表(ES)和Diener等人开发的主观幸福感量表(SWBS)。在Smart-PLS3软件中采用偏最小二乘(PLS-SEM)方法进行结构方程建模，评估理论研究模型和间接效应。结果:根据研究结果，本研究使用的量表是可靠的，其信度指标估计如下:(Cronbach 's alpha:内在动机=0.91，外在动机=0.83，动机=0.77，能量=0.90，主观幸福感=0.89;复合信度:内在动机=0.93，外在动机=0.89，动机=0.87，能量=0.92，主观幸福感=0.92)和收敛效度(AVE:内在动机=0.68，外在动机=0.65，动机=0.69，能量=0.59，主观幸福感=0.69)。区别效度也可以接受。根据拟合优度指数(GoF = 0.53)，本研究的一般模型具有很强的非常好的拟合性。结果显示内在动机(β = 0.43, p 0.05)。能量与主观幸福感呈显著正相关(β = 0.68, p <0.0001)。总体而言，内在动机和动机预测了39%的能量差异，而能量预测了46%的心理健康。在能量的中介作用方面，结果显示，能量在内在动机与主观幸福感的关系(β =0.29, p <0.001)和动机与主观幸福感的关系(β =-0.13, p <0.042)中起中介作用。培养员工的活力和主观幸福感。在这方面，建议管理者通过增加参与、增加权限、职业晋升的可能性以及确定更多的福利来增加员工的内在动力，降低员工的动力。通过授权计划为个人技能的成长和发展创造机会，以及通过减少障碍和减少压力和要求来促进成功，也可以为增加员工的内在动机提供基础。此外，我们的研究结果表明，能量与主观幸福感密切相关。因此，我们建议人力资源从业者谨慎地招聘有弹性和热情的个人，他们精力充沛，即使在不利和压力的情况下也能采取积极的态度。此外，公司应该通过正式和非正式的方式做出真诚的努力来促进员工的最佳精力水平，例如:(1)鼓励他们表现得热情;(2)即使遇到负面情况也要表现出坚持;(3)提供灵活的工作环境，允许短暂休息，这样员工就可以和同事一起放松;(4)举办培训和精力管理研讨会。在这里，管理层面临的真正挑战不仅是要达到员工精力的最佳水平，还要保持这种水平。我们的研究通过关注影响员工动机与主观幸福感关系的直接和间接机制，为主观幸福感文献做出了贡献。
{"title":"The Relationship between Job Motivation Dimensions and Nurses' Subjective Well-being through the Mediating Role of Energy at Workplace","authors":"N. Kaabomeir, P. Hasanalipour, S. Mousavi","doi":"10.52547/ijn.34.132.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijn.34.132.63","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Nurses are the largest group of professionals among health care workers who play a significant role in the community health system. Nurses work in environments where the life and death of patients are the most important issues, so their health and well-being become important and having a happy and positive spirit can help them improve their health and that of their patients. Organizations are also increasingly aware of the importance of their employees' well-being in striving to gain sustainable competitive advantages. Over the past decade, the concept of subjective well-being (SWB) has become a popular research topic, and many researchers have examined its implications at the organizational, group, and individual levels in the workplace. Subjective well-being helps organizations to effectively engage their employees at work in an attempt to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Sustaining employees' subjective well-being is a difficult task. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation with nurses' subjective well-being through the mediating role of energy in the workplace. Materials & Methods: This correlational study was conducted in 2020 following structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of this study included all nurses at Baqai Hospital in Ahvaz. The total number of nurses in this hospital was about 200. According to the population size, all nurses were selected as the sample through census method. Among the collected questionnaires, 193 questionnaires were analyzed. The instruments used in this study were: Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (MWMS) developed by Gagné et al., Energy Scale (ES) developed by Atwater and Carmeli, and Subjective Well-Being Scale (SWBS) developed by Diener et al. The theoretical research model and indirect effects were evaluated using structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS-SEM) approach in Smart-PLS3 software. Results: According to the results, the scales used in the present study were reliable, and their reliability indices were estimated as follows: (Cronbach’s alpha: intrinsic motivation=0.91, extrinsic motivation=0.83, amotivation=0.77, energy=0.90, subjective well-being=0.89; composite reliability: intrinsic motivation=0.93, extrinsic motivation=0.89, amotivation=0.87, energy=0.92, subjective well-being=0.92) and convergent validity (AVE: intrinsic motivation=0.68, extrinsic motivation=0.65, amotivation=0.69, energy=0.59, subjective well-being=0.69). The discriminant validity was acceptable as well. Also, the general model of the present study had a strong and very good fit according to the goodness of fit index (GoF = 0.53). The results showed that intrinsic motivation (β = 0.43, p <0.001) and amotivation (β = -0.19, p <0.037) had significant positive and negative relationships with energy, respectively. The relationship between extrinsic motivat","PeriodicalId":159095,"journal":{"name":"Iran Journal of Nursing","volume":"17 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132090671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background & Aims: Epidemics and their consequences have widespread effects on health care workers. Since hospital work environments are under high workload, complexity, and chaos, and are constantly changing due to different medical and care developments. During epidemic and pandemic crises, this situation is exacerbated by an increase in the number of patients and lack of resources, resulting in an increased likelihood of physical and mental vulnerability of staff. In this regard, the Covid-19 pandemic has caused physical and psychological challenges for hospital staff more than the previous epidemic, especially since the high prevalence and mortality rate of the virus is the most important challenge in this field. The other common unprecedented consequence of these conditions can be depression, anxiety, insomnia, and burnout of staff especially among the elderly and experienced staff. These secondary consequences have negative impacts on the quality of the services provided by the staff and act as major barriers to effective health care delivery. However, despite the many barriers, some facilitators can facilitate and improve the delivery of different services. For example, protective actions, social distancing, and widespread detective strategies, and detection of patients can play an important role in controlling the disease and thus reducing the workload of health staff. Therefore, identifying barriers and facilitators in health care delivery for patients can be helpful in the management of this pandemic and we can rely on them to provide the basis for further studies and thus better planning. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators of caring for Covid-19 patients . Materials & Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2020 employing Conventional content analysis Approach. In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 physicians and 14 nurses who were working in the Covid-19 units of hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences and were willing to participate in the study. In order to follow the social distancing, all interviews were conducted virtually in which the individual raised issues such as lack of privacy, and not being at the bedside of a dying patient as his main concerns. Lack of privacy, reliance on writing the last name on the clothes and not introducing themselves to the patient at the beginning of the patient admission due to high workload and lack of time, elimination of the principle of respect for autonomy, lack of regular patient visits in the final stages of life except moral distress are discussed and classified. Conclusion: According to the results, culture, individual, and organizational factors can be considered as both barriers and facilitators. But ethical challenges, as an important obstacle, can cause burnout in the medical staff. It is suggested that the authorities provide more psychological support to the treatment team, or give them a re
{"title":"The Barriers and Facilitators of Covid-19 Patient Care: A Conventional Content Analysis","authors":"E. Navab, N. Barani, P. Asgari, F. Bahramnezhad","doi":"10.52547/ijn.34.131.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/ijn.34.131.82","url":null,"abstract":"Background & Aims: Epidemics and their consequences have widespread effects on health care workers. Since hospital work environments are under high workload, complexity, and chaos, and are constantly changing due to different medical and care developments. During epidemic and pandemic crises, this situation is exacerbated by an increase in the number of patients and lack of resources, resulting in an increased likelihood of physical and mental vulnerability of staff. In this regard, the Covid-19 pandemic has caused physical and psychological challenges for hospital staff more than the previous epidemic, especially since the high prevalence and mortality rate of the virus is the most important challenge in this field. The other common unprecedented consequence of these conditions can be depression, anxiety, insomnia, and burnout of staff especially among the elderly and experienced staff. These secondary consequences have negative impacts on the quality of the services provided by the staff and act as major barriers to effective health care delivery. However, despite the many barriers, some facilitators can facilitate and improve the delivery of different services. For example, protective actions, social distancing, and widespread detective strategies, and detection of patients can play an important role in controlling the disease and thus reducing the workload of health staff. Therefore, identifying barriers and facilitators in health care delivery for patients can be helpful in the management of this pandemic and we can rely on them to provide the basis for further studies and thus better planning. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators of caring for Covid-19 patients . Materials & Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2020 employing Conventional content analysis Approach. In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 physicians and 14 nurses who were working in the Covid-19 units of hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences and were willing to participate in the study. In order to follow the social distancing, all interviews were conducted virtually in which the individual raised issues such as lack of privacy, and not being at the bedside of a dying patient as his main concerns. Lack of privacy, reliance on writing the last name on the clothes and not introducing themselves to the patient at the beginning of the patient admission due to high workload and lack of time, elimination of the principle of respect for autonomy, lack of regular patient visits in the final stages of life except moral distress are discussed and classified. Conclusion: According to the results, culture, individual, and organizational factors can be considered as both barriers and facilitators. But ethical challenges, as an important obstacle, can cause burnout in the medical staff. It is suggested that the authorities provide more psychological support to the treatment team, or give them a re","PeriodicalId":159095,"journal":{"name":"Iran Journal of Nursing","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121544698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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