In general, community forest management is still limited to the management of individual farmers so that it affects diversity, especially in the form of stands. This study aimed to explore the stand structure and composition characteristics and develop a model for estimating the potential stand volume at the Citragaluh community forest management unit with 55 observation plots based on a combination of slope and density classes. The data taken includes slope; plant species; plant coordinates; planting pattern and spacing; tree diameter, tree height, and canopy density. The results of plot observations showed that the cropping pattern of Citragaluh Community Forest Management Unit (CFMU) consisted of monoculture (10.9%), mixed stands (20%), agroforestry (29%), dry fields (27.27%), wet fields (9%), bamboo stands (1.8%) and built-up area (1.8%). The trees species found were Jeungjing, Mahogany, Teak, Tisuk, Sobsi, Akasia, and Puspa. Based on the results of stratification, diameter distribution, and stand volume, mixed gardens were the best cropping pattern. This research proves the role of community forest as a transition between plantation forest and natural forest based on the stand form and composition. The stand volume potential estimator model chosen was linear with the equation Y = 0.074X1 + 2.924 X2 - 1.679 where X1 = slope and X2 = Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The values of R2 models are 51.3%. The average potential for the Citragaluh is 119,835 m3/ha, which tends to be higher than other community forest studies.
{"title":"Stand Structure and Composition and Model for Estimating Stand Volume Potential at the Citragaluh Sustainable Community Forest Management Unit, Subang Regency, West Java","authors":"Wilhelmus Medhavi, T. Lastini, E. Hernawan","doi":"10.5614/3bio.2023.5.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/3bio.2023.5.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"In general, community forest management is still limited to the management of individual farmers so that it affects diversity, especially in the form of stands. This study aimed to explore the stand structure and composition characteristics and develop a model for estimating the potential stand volume at the Citragaluh community forest management unit with 55 observation plots based on a combination of slope and density classes. The data taken includes slope; plant species; plant coordinates; planting pattern and spacing; tree diameter, tree height, and canopy density. The results of plot observations showed that the cropping pattern of Citragaluh Community Forest Management Unit (CFMU) consisted of monoculture (10.9%), mixed stands (20%), agroforestry (29%), dry fields (27.27%), wet fields (9%), bamboo stands (1.8%) and built-up area (1.8%). The trees species found were Jeungjing, Mahogany, Teak, Tisuk, Sobsi, Akasia, and Puspa. Based on the results of stratification, diameter distribution, and stand volume, mixed gardens were the best cropping pattern. This research proves the role of community forest as a transition between plantation forest and natural forest based on the stand form and composition. The stand volume potential estimator model chosen was linear with the equation Y = 0.074X1 + 2.924 X2 - 1.679 where X1 = slope and X2 = Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The values of R2 models are 51.3%. The average potential for the Citragaluh is 119,835 m3/ha, which tends to be higher than other community forest studies.","PeriodicalId":160459,"journal":{"name":"3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management","volume":"984 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139204239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annisa Khaira, A. Achyar, Z. Zulyusri, Yusni Atifah, Dwi Hilda Putri, V. Violita
Glutathione Reductase (GR) belongs to the NADPH-dependent flavoprotein oxidoreductase family and is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The GR gene is considered to play a key role in the elimination of oxidative reaction products by looking at the level of gene expression of GR rice in dealing with drought stress using qPCR. One of the important steps to develop a specific, effective and efficient qPCR is the primer design. Several studies analyzing GR gene expression in rice have also designed primers. However, the primer still lacks an ideal characteristic of primer, as it still has a secondary structure. This studies aims to design rice GR specific primers and optimize the annealing temperature for GR gene expression analysis on rice. Primers were designed using the Primer3 and Geneious Prime and checked for specificity using the Primer-BLAST tool. The selected primer pairs were then optimized for annealing temperature using gradient PCR. The best primer design results were GR-Forward 5’-ACGATTGCAGCCAGTGAAGA-3’ and GR-Reverse 5’-TGCGGCAATACTATCAACATCC-3’, with an amplicon length of 204 bp, primer base lengths of 20 and 22 nucleotides, Tm values of 60°C and 58.9°C, %GC of 50% and 45.5%, respectively. This primer pair had no secondary structure, both hairpin and self dimer. Gradient PCR showed the optimum annealing temperature for this primer pair was 52.2oC so that the primer can be used as a specific primer to analyze the GR gene expression in rice using qPCR.
谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）属于 NADPH 依赖性黄蛋白氧化还原酶家族，存在于原核生物和真核生物中。通过使用 qPCR 观察 GR 基因在水稻应对干旱胁迫时的基因表达水平，可以认为 GR 基因在消除氧化反应产物方面发挥着关键作用。开发特异、有效和高效的 qPCR 的重要步骤之一是引物设计。一些分析水稻 GR 基因表达的研究也设计了引物。然而，由于引物仍具有二级结构，因此引物仍缺乏理想的特性。本研究旨在设计水稻 GR 特异性引物，并优化退火温度，用于水稻 GR 基因表达分析。研究人员使用 Primer3 和 Geneious Prime 设计引物，并使用 Primer-BLAST 工具检查引物的特异性。然后使用梯度 PCR 对所选引物对的退火温度进行了优化。最佳引物设计结果为 GR-Forward 5'-ACGATTGCAGCCAGTGAAGA-3' 和 GR-Reverse 5'-TGCGGCAATACTATCAACATCC-3'，扩增长度为 204 bp，引物碱基长度分别为 20 和 22 个核苷酸，Tm 值分别为 60°C 和 58.9°C，%GC 分别为 50%和 45.5%。该引物对没有二级结构，既有发夹结构，也有自二聚体结构。梯度 PCR 显示该引物对的最佳退火温度为 52.2oC，因此该引物可作为特异性引物使用 qPCR 分析水稻 GR 基因的表达。
{"title":"Primer Design and Optimization of Annealing Temperature for Analysis of Glutathione Reductase Gene Expression in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Annisa Khaira, A. Achyar, Z. Zulyusri, Yusni Atifah, Dwi Hilda Putri, V. Violita","doi":"10.5614/3bio.2023.5.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/3bio.2023.5.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Glutathione Reductase (GR) belongs to the NADPH-dependent flavoprotein oxidoreductase family and is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The GR gene is considered to play a key role in the elimination of oxidative reaction products by looking at the level of gene expression of GR rice in dealing with drought stress using qPCR. One of the important steps to develop a specific, effective and efficient qPCR is the primer design. Several studies analyzing GR gene expression in rice have also designed primers. However, the primer still lacks an ideal characteristic of primer, as it still has a secondary structure. This studies aims to design rice GR specific primers and optimize the annealing temperature for GR gene expression analysis on rice. Primers were designed using the Primer3 and Geneious Prime and checked for specificity using the Primer-BLAST tool. The selected primer pairs were then optimized for annealing temperature using gradient PCR. The best primer design results were GR-Forward 5’-ACGATTGCAGCCAGTGAAGA-3’ and GR-Reverse 5’-TGCGGCAATACTATCAACATCC-3’, with an amplicon length of 204 bp, primer base lengths of 20 and 22 nucleotides, Tm values of 60°C and 58.9°C, %GC of 50% and 45.5%, respectively. This primer pair had no secondary structure, both hairpin and self dimer. Gradient PCR showed the optimum annealing temperature for this primer pair was 52.2oC so that the primer can be used as a specific primer to analyze the GR gene expression in rice using qPCR.","PeriodicalId":160459,"journal":{"name":"3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139201825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asteraceae is known as the largest family of flowering plants. Despite some species members being invasive plants, these species are often adopted and utilized by local community groups for food, traditional medicine, and other uses. In our ethnobotanical study of Asteraceae, we identified ways a local Sundanese community group in West Java utilizes a diverse range of species in the family for different purposes. Our study focuses on a Sundanese village called Cihanjawar, located in the regency of Purwakarta, using ethnobotany and ethnomedicine approaches. People of Cihanjawar utilize some species of Asteraceae for food as ‘lalapan’ and traditional medicinal purposes. In-depth, semi-structured interviews with the people of Cihanjawar were conducted to collect primary data regarding the utilization of Asteraceae species as food and traditional medicine. A total of eight species of Asteraceae were found during the field-guided exploration in Cihanjawar Village, which include Acmella paniculata, Ageratum conyzoides, Calyptocarpus vialis, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Dichrocepala integrifolia, Emilia sonchifolia, Erechtites valerianifolia, Sphagneticola trilobata, some of which are considered invasive alien species. The species of A. paniculata, C. crepidioides, E. sonchifolia, Er. valerianifolia is eaten as a raw food (lalapan, Ind.). Then Ag. Conyzoides and C. crepidioides are utilized in traditional medicine. C. vialis, D. integrifolia, and Sphagneticola trilobata are not used by the people of Cihanjawar as food or as traditional medicine.
{"title":"Short Note on Asteraceae as Traditional Food and Medicinal Plants in Cihanjawar Village, Purwakarta Regency, West Java","authors":"Reza Raihandhany, A. Dwiartama, Rina Ratnasih","doi":"10.5614/3bio.2023.5.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/3bio.2023.5.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Asteraceae is known as the largest family of flowering plants. Despite some species members being invasive plants, these species are often adopted and utilized by local community groups for food, traditional medicine, and other uses. In our ethnobotanical study of Asteraceae, we identified ways a local Sundanese community group in West Java utilizes a diverse range of species in the family for different purposes. Our study focuses on a Sundanese village called Cihanjawar, located in the regency of Purwakarta, using ethnobotany and ethnomedicine approaches. People of Cihanjawar utilize some species of Asteraceae for food as ‘lalapan’ and traditional medicinal purposes. In-depth, semi-structured interviews with the people of Cihanjawar were conducted to collect primary data regarding the utilization of Asteraceae species as food and traditional medicine. A total of eight species of Asteraceae were found during the field-guided exploration in Cihanjawar Village, which include Acmella paniculata, Ageratum conyzoides, Calyptocarpus vialis, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Dichrocepala integrifolia, Emilia sonchifolia, Erechtites valerianifolia, Sphagneticola trilobata, some of which are considered invasive alien species. The species of A. paniculata, C. crepidioides, E. sonchifolia, Er. valerianifolia is eaten as a raw food (lalapan, Ind.). Then Ag. Conyzoides and C. crepidioides are utilized in traditional medicine. C. vialis, D. integrifolia, and Sphagneticola trilobata are not used by the people of Cihanjawar as food or as traditional medicine.","PeriodicalId":160459,"journal":{"name":"3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been recognized in many studies that wildlife tourism practices might generate a negative impact on wildlife, particularly during the reproductive period. Some wildlife may lower their sensitivity towards tourist presence, for instance in Komodo. Understanding to what extenthabituation occurs in Komodo would be necessary for tourism management in Komodo National Park (KNP). Therefore, this study aimed to identify the response of Komodo to tourist presence during mating and nesting activities. The observation was conducted in Loh Buaya, which is one of the tourism sites in KNP. Komodo’s responses were divided into (1) avoidance; (2) neutral; and (3) aggressive under categorized stimulus: tourist number (i.e., < 5 persons; 5-10 persons; and > 10 persons) and distance (i.e., < 5 m; 5-10 m; and > 10 m). Correlation analysis was performed to identify any influences on mating and nesting activities. Our results revealed that Komodo inhabiting tourism facilities havebeen habituated to tourist presence. Different tourist frequencies did not influence Komodo mating activities (r(20)= 0.036, p=0.873), the nest preparing activity (i.e., digging proportion; r(22)= 0.054, p=0.803) and the guarding activity (i.e., nesting proportion; r(22)= 0.314, p=0.135).Nevertheless, our results indicated possible impacts due to tourism activities and its supporting facilities, such as dominated mating pairs, threats to female reproductive success, and human-Komodo conflicts. Therefore, habituation evi- dence must be carefully considered in order todevelop more corresponding strategies and achieve sustainable tourism practices.
{"title":"Behavioral Response of Komodo Dragons (Va- ranus komodoensis OUWENS, 1912) During Mating and Nesting Periods towards Tourist Presence in Loh Buaya, Komodo National Park","authors":"Aditya Dimas Pramudya, Achmad Sjarmidi","doi":"10.5614/3bio.2023.5.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/3bio.2023.5.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"It has been recognized in many studies that wildlife tourism practices might generate a negative impact on wildlife, particularly during the reproductive period. Some wildlife may lower their sensitivity towards tourist presence, for instance in Komodo. Understanding to what extenthabituation occurs in Komodo would be necessary for tourism management in Komodo National Park (KNP). Therefore, this study aimed to identify the response of Komodo to tourist presence during mating and nesting activities. The observation was conducted in Loh Buaya, which is one of the tourism sites in KNP. Komodo’s responses were divided into (1) avoidance; (2) neutral; and (3) aggressive under categorized stimulus: tourist number (i.e., < 5 persons; 5-10 persons; and > 10 persons) and distance (i.e., < 5 m; 5-10 m; and > 10 m). Correlation analysis was performed to identify any influences on mating and nesting activities. Our results revealed that Komodo inhabiting tourism facilities havebeen habituated to tourist presence. Different tourist frequencies did not influence Komodo mating activities (r(20)= 0.036, p=0.873), the nest preparing activity (i.e., digging proportion; r(22)= 0.054, p=0.803) and the guarding activity (i.e., nesting proportion; r(22)= 0.314, p=0.135).Nevertheless, our results indicated possible impacts due to tourism activities and its supporting facilities, such as dominated mating pairs, threats to female reproductive success, and human-Komodo conflicts. Therefore, habituation evi- dence must be carefully considered in order todevelop more corresponding strategies and achieve sustainable tourism practices.","PeriodicalId":160459,"journal":{"name":"3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139203816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Rahmawati, V. Emmanuel, I. Iriawati, K. Lambangsari, Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti, Roohaida Othman, Aldo Nathan Dela Simamora, Bugy Suwito
Stevia rebaudiana leaves can be used as a sweetener alternatives because they contain steviol glycoside derivative compounds, including steviosides and rebaudioside-A. Propagation of Stevia is more optimally carried out using in vitro culture when compared to conventional propagation through seeds or cuttings. This study aimed to evaluate the formation and growth of Stevia shoots and leaves in MS medium containing a mixture of IAA and BAP with MS medium containing kinetin only, as well as evaluating the use of a liquid medium containing kinetin. Stevia was initiated from apical shoot then grown in MS medium containing a mixture of IAA and BAP with MS medium containing kinetin only. Stevia was subcultured every 4 weeks. Several parameters measured were number of axillary shoots and number of leaves. It was transferred into a liquid medium for 7 days. The results showed that the formation and growth of axillary buds and leaves at the initiation stage were better in medium containing IAA and BAP compared to medium containing single hormone kinetin. At the stage of shoot multiplication and maintenance, cultivation in semi-solid medium containing kinetin showed more leaves and axillary shoots compared to that cultivated in semi-solid medium with the addition of IAA and BAP. Plants acclimatized in liquid medium supplemented with 1 ppm kinetin showed fast plant growth but were not accompanied by sturdy stem growth. The presence of brownish color on certain parts of the plant such as in some leaves and stems was also observed.
甜叶菊叶可用作甜味剂替代品，因为它们含有甜菊糖甙衍生物化合物，包括甜菊糖甙和甜菊糖甙-A。与传统的种子或扦插繁殖相比，采用体外培养法繁殖甜叶菊更为理想。本研究旨在评估甜叶菊芽和叶在含 IAA 和 BAP 混合液的 MS 培养基和仅含酮素的 MS 培养基中的形成和生长情况，以及评估含酮素的液体培养基的使用情况。甜叶菊从顶芽开始生长，然后在含有 IAA 和 BAP 混合物的 MS 培养基以及仅含有生物素的 MS 培养基中生长。甜叶菊每 4 周进行一次移栽。测量的参数包括腋芽数量和叶片数量。将甜叶菊移入液体培养基中培养 7 天。结果表明，与含有单一激素激肽的培养基相比，含有 IAA 和 BAP 的培养基能更好地促进腋芽和叶片在萌发阶段的形成和生长。在芽的繁殖和维持阶段，与添加了 IAA 和 BAP 的半固体培养基相比，在含酮素的半固体培养基中培养的植株表现出更多的叶片和腋芽。在添加了百万分之 1 的液体培养基中驯化的植株生长迅速，但茎干生长不旺盛。此外，还观察到植株的某些部位（如部分叶片和茎）出现褐色。
{"title":"Evaluation of Stevia rebaudiana Leaf-Axillary Shoot Formation, Cultured in MS Medium Supplemented with IAA-BAP and MS Medium Supplemented with Kinetin","authors":"A. Rahmawati, V. Emmanuel, I. Iriawati, K. Lambangsari, Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti, Roohaida Othman, Aldo Nathan Dela Simamora, Bugy Suwito","doi":"10.5614/3bio.2023.5.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/3bio.2023.5.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Stevia rebaudiana leaves can be used as a sweetener alternatives because they contain steviol glycoside derivative compounds, including steviosides and rebaudioside-A. Propagation of Stevia is more optimally carried out using in vitro culture when compared to conventional propagation through seeds or cuttings. This study aimed to evaluate the formation and growth of Stevia shoots and leaves in MS medium containing a mixture of IAA and BAP with MS medium containing kinetin only, as well as evaluating the use of a liquid medium containing kinetin. Stevia was initiated from apical shoot then grown in MS medium containing a mixture of IAA and BAP with MS medium containing kinetin only. Stevia was subcultured every 4 weeks. Several parameters measured were number of axillary shoots and number of leaves. It was transferred into a liquid medium for 7 days. The results showed that the formation and growth of axillary buds and leaves at the initiation stage were better in medium containing IAA and BAP compared to medium containing single hormone kinetin. At the stage of shoot multiplication and maintenance, cultivation in semi-solid medium containing kinetin showed more leaves and axillary shoots compared to that cultivated in semi-solid medium with the addition of IAA and BAP. Plants acclimatized in liquid medium supplemented with 1 ppm kinetin showed fast plant growth but were not accompanied by sturdy stem growth. The presence of brownish color on certain parts of the plant such as in some leaves and stems was also observed.","PeriodicalId":160459,"journal":{"name":"3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cimahi is one of the most populated, fast-growing cities in Indonesia. Consequently, various environmental problems appear, primarily related to the sustainability of water resources. Exploitation and pollution of water, especially groundwater, are not accompanied by a good water conservation system that ensures proper water infiltration into the soil, causing several locations in the city to experience water deficits. The city may suffer a severe water shortage if this problem is unsolved. This study aims to predict and analyze the need and availability of water in Cimahi in the next few years to determine the right solution to deal with this problem. Analysis and prediction of water availability/needs were carried out by building a dynamic model using STELLA software for simulating the conditions in the next ten years. The results of the model were combined with the applicable spatial policies to formulate possible solutions. Results showed that Cimahi will experience a water crisis starting from 2029 with a total water deficit of 8.22 million M³. The model also predicted South Cimahi District is the area with the worst conditions where the water crisis has occurred since 2022 and peaked in 2029 with water sufficiency of only 59.83%. Based on local spatial planning laws and policies, the city's government is advised to improve its catchment area to protect its water resources. The vegetation cover area surrounding the catchment area can be improved, and water absorption capacity can be increased through civil technical actions such as building absorption wells. The model results showed that a proper solution could be done by expanding 142.8 Ha of green/vegetation cover, building 1576 units of absorption wells, and increasing the PDAM supply by 100 l/second.
{"title":"Analysis and Prediction of Water Balance Using Dynamic Modelling to Solve Water Scarcity in Cimahi","authors":"Muhamad Fikri Fadhilah, Y. Hidayat, A. Hadiyane","doi":"10.5614/3bio.2022.4.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/3bio.2022.4.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Cimahi is one of the most populated, fast-growing cities in Indonesia. Consequently, various environmental problems appear, primarily related to the sustainability of water resources. Exploitation and pollution of water, especially groundwater, are not accompanied by a good water conservation system that ensures proper water infiltration into the soil, causing several locations in the city to experience water deficits. The city may suffer a severe water shortage if this problem is unsolved. This study aims to predict and analyze the need and availability of water in Cimahi in the next few years to determine the right solution to deal with this problem. Analysis and prediction of water availability/needs were carried out by building a dynamic model using STELLA software for simulating the conditions in the next ten years. The results of the model were combined with the applicable spatial policies to formulate possible solutions. Results showed that Cimahi will experience a water crisis starting from 2029 with a total water deficit of 8.22 million M³. The model also predicted South Cimahi District is the area with the worst conditions where the water crisis has occurred since 2022 and peaked in 2029 with water sufficiency of only 59.83%. Based on local spatial planning laws and policies, the city's government is advised to improve its catchment area to protect its water resources. The vegetation cover area surrounding the catchment area can be improved, and water absorption capacity can be increased through civil technical actions such as building absorption wells. The model results showed that a proper solution could be done by expanding 142.8 Ha of green/vegetation cover, building 1576 units of absorption wells, and increasing the PDAM supply by 100 l/second.","PeriodicalId":160459,"journal":{"name":"3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130351722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Rizky Darmawan, I. Suwandhi, Mulyaningrum Mulyaningrum
Mount Geulis University Forest (MGUF) is a university forest area surrounded by eight villages and has close relationships with the surrounding community. With a very strategic position, MGUF is vulnerable to various pressures, especially anthropogenic ones. Other studies have shown that population, development, and the economy have an essential role in environmental degradation. Thus, understanding these three things becomes essential to determine the right strategy to reduce the level of vulnerability around MGUF. This study aims to analyze the level of community dependency on MGUF and the level of vulnerability of the community around MGUF. Community dependency was analyzed using perceived value dependency on livelihood, perceived value dependency on income, and perceived value dependency on participation level. Community vulnerability was analyzed based on the population growth index, built-up land index, and economic openness index. The results showed that the farmer community had a relatively high dependency on MGUF. The lower the income, the higher the dependency on MGUF, and the participation rate increases as the dependency on MGUF increases. Raharja Village has the highest population growth index of 123.75, Mangunarga Village has the highest built-up land index with a value of 75.11, and Jatimukti Village has the highest economic openness index with a value of 33.52. In general, the village with the highest composite vulnerability index is Cikahuripan Village, with a value of 0.71, and the lowest is Jatiroke, with a value of 0.20. Based on the value of the vulnerability index and the level of security, the level of vulnerability can be reduced by carrying out collaborative management to run programs with every stakeholder in the MGUF management system.
{"title":"Community Dependency and Vulnerability to Natural Resources: Case Study Mount Geulis University Forest","authors":"Muhammad Rizky Darmawan, I. Suwandhi, Mulyaningrum Mulyaningrum","doi":"10.5614/3bio.2022.4.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/3bio.2022.4.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Mount Geulis University Forest (MGUF) is a university forest area surrounded by eight villages and has close relationships with the surrounding community. With a very strategic position, MGUF is vulnerable to various pressures, especially anthropogenic ones. Other studies have shown that population, development, and the economy have an essential role in environmental degradation. Thus, understanding these three things becomes essential to determine the right strategy to reduce the level of vulnerability around MGUF. This study aims to analyze the level of community dependency on MGUF and the level of vulnerability of the community around MGUF. Community dependency was analyzed using perceived value dependency on livelihood, perceived value dependency on income, and perceived value dependency on participation level. Community vulnerability was analyzed based on the population growth index, built-up land index, and economic openness index. The results showed that the farmer community had a relatively high dependency on MGUF. The lower the income, the higher the dependency on MGUF, and the participation rate increases as the dependency on MGUF increases. Raharja Village has the highest population growth index of 123.75, Mangunarga Village has the highest built-up land index with a value of 75.11, and Jatimukti Village has the highest economic openness index with a value of 33.52. In general, the village with the highest composite vulnerability index is Cikahuripan Village, with a value of 0.71, and the lowest is Jatiroke, with a value of 0.20. Based on the value of the vulnerability index and the level of security, the level of vulnerability can be reduced by carrying out collaborative management to run programs with every stakeholder in the MGUF management system.","PeriodicalId":160459,"journal":{"name":"3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123428667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andriwibowo Andriwibowo, A. Basukriadi, Erwin Nurdin, Amanda Zahra Djuanda, E. Adeline, Zeadora Abbya Trisya
Green algae phytoplankton (Chlorophyceae) have a wide aquatic distribution, including saltwater and freshwater environments. Compared to the ones living in saltwater, green algae diversity in freshwater ecosystems in rivers is influenced by stream gradients, water quality, and land uses. Meanwhile, in Jakarta, 17 rivers have the potential to provide a habitat for green algae communities. Due to anthropogenic activities, river streams have been affected by influences that may affect the water quality and green algae community along stream gradients. One of the critical rivers in Jakarta is the Krukut river, which has the most extended stream spanning over 40 km and downstream in Jakarta bay. This study aims to model the diversity and distribution pattern of green algae in the Krukut river from its upstream segment in Jakarta city, surrounded by settlements, to the downstream segments in Jakarta bay. The distribution model uses the Cluster Analysis and Markov Chain Model to elaborate the probabilities of green algae phytoplankton distribution in downstream, midstream, and upstream segments of the Krukut river. The results show that 7 species of Chlorophyceae have been recorded in the Krukut river. All species had a high likelihood of being found downstream, particularly Cosmarium sp., Eudorina sp., Spyrogyra sp., and Volvox sp. Regarding distribution, all phytoplankton species have a high probability (4%–31%) and tendency to be distributed from upstream and midstream to downstream rather than from downstream to midstream and upstream, with probability ranges of 2%–27%. The probability and tendency of phytoplankton distribution towards downstream directions avoiding upstream were related to the deteriorating water quality in the upstream, characterized by high turbidity, low dissolved oxygen, and more acidic water.
{"title":"Markov Chain and Cluster Model of Green Algae Phytoplankton (Chlorophyceae) Diversity and Spatial Distribution Pattern along Stream, Water Quality, and Land Use Gradients in Krukut River, Jakarta City","authors":"Andriwibowo Andriwibowo, A. Basukriadi, Erwin Nurdin, Amanda Zahra Djuanda, E. Adeline, Zeadora Abbya Trisya","doi":"10.5614/3bio.2022.4.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/3bio.2022.4.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Green algae phytoplankton (Chlorophyceae) have a wide aquatic distribution, including saltwater and freshwater environments. Compared to the ones living in saltwater, green algae diversity in freshwater ecosystems in rivers is influenced by stream gradients, water quality, and land uses. Meanwhile, in Jakarta, 17 rivers have the potential to provide a habitat for green algae communities. Due to anthropogenic activities, river streams have been affected by influences that may affect the water quality and green algae community along stream gradients. One of the critical rivers in Jakarta is the Krukut river, which has the most extended stream spanning over 40 km and downstream in Jakarta bay. This study aims to model the diversity and distribution pattern of green algae in the Krukut river from its upstream segment in Jakarta city, surrounded by settlements, to the downstream segments in Jakarta bay. The distribution model uses the Cluster Analysis and Markov Chain Model to elaborate the probabilities of green algae phytoplankton distribution in downstream, midstream, and upstream segments of the Krukut river. The results show that 7 species of Chlorophyceae have been recorded in the Krukut river. All species had a high likelihood of being found downstream, particularly Cosmarium sp., Eudorina sp., Spyrogyra sp., and Volvox sp. Regarding distribution, all phytoplankton species have a high probability (4%–31%) and tendency to be distributed from upstream and midstream to downstream rather than from downstream to midstream and upstream, with probability ranges of 2%–27%. The probability and tendency of phytoplankton distribution towards downstream directions avoiding upstream were related to the deteriorating water quality in the upstream, characterized by high turbidity, low dissolved oxygen, and more acidic water.","PeriodicalId":160459,"journal":{"name":"3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114886320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rice is the major crop in Indonesia and the staple food for more than 90% of Indonesians. Given the vital role of rice, efforts to develop rice production are a priority, especially in solving farming efficiency problems. However, inefficiency is one of the major causes of low performance in Indonesian rice production. If farming has high competitiveness and efficiency, Indonesia is encouraged to be able to become an exporter of rice. As a result, national rice farming must continue to improve its competitiveness and efficiency. This study aims to determine the economic efficiency and competitiveness of rice farming in several provinces in Java, i.e., West Java, Central Java, and East Java. The data used in this study is PATANAS survey data obtained from the Center for Socio-Economic Studies and Agricultural Policy, Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture. This study used a quantitative analysis approach and analytical descriptive analysis. The level of competitiveness was analyzed using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), while the efficiency level was analyzed using the Stochastic Frontier Method (SFM). The results showed that rice farming in Java Island has a positive profit value on private and social prices. In addition, rice farming in all research locations has competitiveness as measured by indicators of comparative and competitive advantage as characterized by the coefficient values of DRC (Domestic Resource Cost Ratio) and PCR (Private Cost Ratio), which are less than one in the study period 2007-2020. The result of a technical efficiency study shows the average technical efficiency of three provinces in Java is around 0.82, and the factor input that significantly increased the technical efficiency was land and intermediate input.
{"title":"Dynamics of Competitiveness and Efficiency of Rice Farming in Java Island, Indonesia","authors":"Amrina Rosyada, R. E. Putra, W. Gunawan","doi":"10.5614/3bio.2022.4.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/3bio.2022.4.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is the major crop in Indonesia and the staple food for more than 90% of Indonesians. Given the vital role of rice, efforts to develop rice production are a priority, especially in solving farming efficiency problems. However, inefficiency is one of the major causes of low performance in Indonesian rice production. If farming has high competitiveness and efficiency, Indonesia is encouraged to be able to become an exporter of rice. As a result, national rice farming must continue to improve its competitiveness and efficiency. This study aims to determine the economic efficiency and competitiveness of rice farming in several provinces in Java, i.e., West Java, Central Java, and East Java. The data used in this study is PATANAS survey data obtained from the Center for Socio-Economic Studies and Agricultural Policy, Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture. This study used a quantitative analysis approach and analytical descriptive analysis. The level of competitiveness was analyzed using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), while the efficiency level was analyzed using the Stochastic Frontier Method (SFM). The results showed that rice farming in Java Island has a positive profit value on private and social prices. In addition, rice farming in all research locations has competitiveness as measured by indicators of comparative and competitive advantage as characterized by the coefficient values of DRC (Domestic Resource Cost Ratio) and PCR (Private Cost Ratio), which are less than one in the study period 2007-2020. The result of a technical efficiency study shows the average technical efficiency of three provinces in Java is around 0.82, and the factor input that significantly increased the technical efficiency was land and intermediate input.","PeriodicalId":160459,"journal":{"name":"3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131523843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inorganic fertilizers utilization is the most common way to increase plant productivity. However, the intensive use of organic fertilizer can harm the environment. Therefore, alternative fertilization by utilizing soil microorganisms to provide plant nutrients is needed. Endomycorrhizae is known as a microorganism that can increase the availability of nutrients and plant growth. This study aimed to determine the potential of endomycorrhizae to increase the growth of arabica coffee seedlings under field conditions. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 replications was used with four treatments, i.e., (P0) control: without endomycorrhizae and fertilizer, (P1) inorganic fertilizer: NPK recommended dose for seedlings nine months after sowing (N 184 kg/ha, P2O5 72 kg/ha, and K2O 120 kg/ha from 400kg/ha urea, 200 kg/ha SP-36, and 200 kg/ha KCl, respectively), (P2) endomycorrhizae: 1:1 (w/w basis) endomycorrhizal inoculum-planting medium, and (P3) endomycorrhizae + organic fertilizer: 1:1 (w/w basis) endomycorrhizal inoculum-planting medium with the addition of chicken manure at a dose of 10 tons/ha. The results showed that endomycorrhizae could increase the growth of arabica coffee seedlings by increasing plant height, plant dry weight, and plant N, P, and K uptake by 15.4%, 23.3%, 52.5%, 90.8%, and 75.6%, respectively compared to the control with 67,5% of root colonization at 16 weeks after transplanting (WAT). In conclusion, endomycorrhizae can potentially increase the growth of arabica coffee seedlings under field conditions.
{"title":"Coffee Plants' Endomycorrhizae Potential to increase the growth and nutrient uptake of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) under Field Condition","authors":"S. Sariasih, P. Aditiawati","doi":"10.5614/3bio.2022.4.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/3bio.2022.4.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Inorganic fertilizers utilization is the most common way to increase plant productivity. However, the intensive use of organic fertilizer can harm the environment. Therefore, alternative fertilization by utilizing soil microorganisms to provide plant nutrients is needed. Endomycorrhizae is known as a microorganism that can increase the availability of nutrients and plant growth. This study aimed to determine the potential of endomycorrhizae to increase the growth of arabica coffee seedlings under field conditions. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 replications was used with four treatments, i.e., (P0) control: without endomycorrhizae and fertilizer, (P1) inorganic fertilizer: NPK recommended dose for seedlings nine months after sowing (N 184 kg/ha, P2O5 72 kg/ha, and K2O 120 kg/ha from 400kg/ha urea, 200 kg/ha SP-36, and 200 kg/ha KCl, respectively), (P2) endomycorrhizae: 1:1 (w/w basis) endomycorrhizal inoculum-planting medium, and (P3) endomycorrhizae + organic fertilizer: 1:1 (w/w basis) endomycorrhizal inoculum-planting medium with the addition of chicken manure at a dose of 10 tons/ha. The results showed that endomycorrhizae could increase the growth of arabica coffee seedlings by increasing plant height, plant dry weight, and plant N, P, and K uptake by 15.4%, 23.3%, 52.5%, 90.8%, and 75.6%, respectively compared to the control with 67,5% of root colonization at 16 weeks after transplanting (WAT). In conclusion, endomycorrhizae can potentially increase the growth of arabica coffee seedlings under field conditions.","PeriodicalId":160459,"journal":{"name":"3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134495139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：