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Infectious Agents of Reptiles and Amphibians: Peer-reviewed publications, January–June 2022 爬行动物和两栖动物的传染因子:同行评审出版物,2022年1月至6月
Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.5818/JHMS.32.4.243
R. Marschang, C. Pollock, Cleon G Hendricks, J. Bogan
Byas AD, Gallichotte EN, Hartwig AE, Porter SM, Gordy PW, Felix TA, Bowen RA, Ebel GD, Bosco-Lauth AM. 2022. American alligators are capable of West Nile virus amplification, mosquito infection and transmission. Virol, 568:49–55. Capozza P, Lanave G, Diakoudi G, Pellegrini F, Cardone R, Vasinioti VI, Decaro N, Elia G, Catella C, Alberti A, Bányai K, Mendoza-Roldan JA, Otranto D, Buonavoglia C, Martella V. 2022. Diversity of CRESS DNA viruses in squamates recapitulates hosts dietary and environmental sources of exposure. Microbiol Spectr, 10(3):e0078022. Habarugira G, Moran J, Harrison JJ, Isberg SR, HobsonPeters J, Hall RA, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H. 2022. Evidence of infection with zoonotic mosquito-borne flaviviruses in saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in Northern Australia. Viruses, 14(5):1106. Ihász K, Marton S, Fehér E, Bányai K, Farkas SL. 2022. Genetic characterisation of a novel reptarenavirus detected in a dead pet red-tailed boa (Boa constrictor). Acta Vet Hung, 70(1):77–82. doi:10.1556/004.2022. 00001. Kurucz N, McMahon JL, Warchot A, Hewitson G, Barcelon J, Moore F, Moran J, Harrison JJ, Colmant AMG, Staunton KM, Ritchie SA, Townsend M, Steiger DM, Hall RA, Isberg SR, Hall-Mendelin S. 2022. Nucleic acid preservation card surveillance is effective for monitoring arbovirus transmission on crocodile farms and provides a one health benefit to Northern Australia. Viruses, 14(6):1342. Li T-H, Hsu W-L, Chen C-Y, Chen Y-C, Wang Y-C, Tsai M-A, Chen I-C, Chang C-C. 2022. Preparation of recombinant glycoprotein B (gB) of Chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) for antibody production and its application for infection detection in sea turtles. Sci Rep, 12(1):11022. Lintala A, Szirovicza L, Kipar A, Hetzel U, Hepojoki J. 2022. Persistent reptarenavirus and hartmanivirus infection in cultured boid cells. Microbiol Spectr, 10(4):e0158522. Lu J, Yang S, Wang C, Wang H, Gong G, Xi Y, Pan J, Wang X, Zeng J, Zhang J, Li P, Shen Q, Shan T, Zhang W. 2022. Gut virome of the world’s highest-elevation lizard species (Phrynocephalus erythrurus and Phrynocephalus theobaldi) reveals versatile commensal viruses. Microbiol Spectr, 10(1):e0187221. Manes C, Pinton D, Canestrelli A, Capua I. 2022. Occurrence of fibropapillomatosis in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in relation to environmental changes in coastal ecosystems in Texas and Florida: a retrospective study. Animals, 12(10):1236. Nieto-Claudin A, Esperón F, Apakupakul K, Peña I, Deem SL. 2022. Health assessments uncover novel viral sequences in five species of Galapagos tortoises. Transbound Emerg Dis, 69(4):e1079-e1089. Schönbächler K, Segner H, Amphimaque B, Friker B, Hofer A, Lange B, Stirn M, Pantchev N, Origgi FC, Hoby S. 2022. Health assessment of captive and free living European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) in Switzerland. J Zoo Wildl Med, 53(1):159–172. Szirovicza L, Hetzel U, Kipar A, Hepojoki J. 2022. Short ‘1.23 genome’ infectious clone initiates kolmiovirid replication in Boa constrictor cells. Viru
Byas AD, Gallichotte EN, Hartwig AE, Porter SM, Gordy PW, Felix TA, Bowen RA, Ebel GD, Bosco-Lauth AM。2022. 美洲短吻鳄具有西尼罗河病毒扩增、蚊虫感染和传播的能力。性研究,568:49-55。Capozza P, Lanave G, Diakoudi G, Pellegrini F, Cardone R, Vasinioti VI, Decaro N, Elia G, Catella C, Alberti A, Bányai K, Mendoza-Roldan JA, Otranto D, Buonavoglia C, Martella V. 2022。鳞片中CRESS DNA病毒的多样性概括了宿主的饮食和环境暴露源。微生物学报,10(3):0078022。张建军,张建军,张建军,张建军,张建军,张建军。北澳大利亚咸水鳄(Crocodylus porosus)感染人畜共患蚊媒黄病毒的证据。病毒,14(5):1106。Ihász K, Marton S, fehassr E, Bányai K, Farkas SL. 2022。在死亡宠物红尾蟒蛇(蟒蛇)中检测到的一种新型reptarenavirus的遗传特征。兽医学报,70(1):77-82。doi: 10.1556/004.2022。00001. Kurucz N, McMahon JL, Warchot A, Hewitson G, Barcelon J, Moore F, Moran J, Harrison JJ, Colmant AMG, Staunton KM, Ritchie SA, Townsend M, Steiger DM, Hall RA, Isberg SR, Hall- mendelin S. 2022。核酸保存卡监测对于监测鳄鱼养殖场的虫媒病毒传播是有效的,并为北澳大利亚提供了一个健康益处。病毒,14(6):1342。李廷华,徐卫林,陈春艳,陈玉春,王玉春,蔡明安,陈益春,张长昌。2022. 龟样疱疹病毒5 (ChHV5)重组糖蛋白B (gB)抗体制备及其在海龟感染检测中的应用科学通报,12(1):11022。张建军,张建军,张建军,张建军。2012。体外培养的样细胞持续感染repreparenvirus和hartmanvirus。微生物学报,10(4):0158522。卢健,杨松,王超,王辉,龚刚,奚毅,潘健,王旭,曾健,张健,李鹏,沈强,单涛,张伟。2022。世界上海拔最高的蜥蜴物种(erythrurus和theobaldi Phrynocephalus)的肠道病毒组揭示了多种共生病毒。微生物学通报,2016,31(1):888 - 888。张建军,张建军,张建军,等。绿海龟纤维乳头状瘤病的发生与德克萨斯州和佛罗里达州沿海生态系统环境变化的关系:回顾性研究。动物,12(10):1236。聂托-克劳丁A, Esperón F, Apakupakul K, Peña I, Deem SL. 2022。健康评估揭示了五种加拉帕戈斯象龟的新型病毒序列。中国生物医学工程学报,39(4):879 - 889。Schönbächler K, Segner H, Amphimaque B, Friker B, Hofer A, Lange B, Stirn M, Pantchev N, Origgi FC, Hoby S. 2022。瑞士圈养和自由生活欧洲塘龟的健康评估。[J] .中国动物医学杂志,2014(1):59 - 61。张建军,张建军,张建军,等。2012。短的“1.23基因组”传染性克隆在蟒蛇细胞中启动柯尔米病毒复制。病毒,14(1):107。Walker PJ, Freitas-Astúa J, Bejerman N, Blasdell KR, Breyta R, Dietzgen RG, Fooks AR, Kondo H, Kurath G, Kuzmin IV, Ramos-González PL, Shi M, Stone DM, Tesh RB, Tordo N, Vasilakis N, Whitfield AE, ICTV RC。2022. ICTV病毒分类概况:横纹蛇病毒科2022。中华微生物学杂志,2003(6)。doi: 10.1099 / jgv.0.001689。Waltzek TB, Stacy BA, Ossiboff RJ, Stacy NI, Fraser WA, Yan A, Mohan S, Koonin EV, Wolf YI, Rodrigues TCS, Viadanna PHO, Subramaniam K, Popov VL, Guzman-Vargas V, Shender LA2022. 在美国佛罗里达州管理和自由放养的淡水龟中发现一组与动物流行病相关的新型负义RNA病毒。中华医学杂志,18(3):1010258。张建军,张建军,张建军。2010。通过使用定量PCR确定采样点之间病原体检测的一致性,加强龟健康评估。中国生物医学工程学报,2016,32(2):391 - 391。张建军,张建军,张建军,张建军,张建军,张建军,张建军,张建军,张建军。2012。在3种龟类中检出一种新型疱疹病毒。中国生物医学工程学报,2016,34(4):594-601。
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引用次数: 0
In Memoriam for Paul Raiti, DVM, DABVP (Reptile and Amphibian Practice) 纪念Paul Raiti, DVM, DABVP(爬行动物和两栖动物实践)
Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.5818/jhms.32.4.252
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引用次数: 0
LETTER FROM THE EDITOR 编辑来信
Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.5818/1529-9651-32.4.242
R. Marschang
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引用次数: 0
Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) Nesting and Health Parameters in St. Kitts, 2003–2016 2003-2016年圣基茨的棱皮海龟筑巢和健康参数
Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.5818/JHMS-D-21-00036
Kimberly M Stewart, A. Conan, T. Norton, B. Hill, Maria Smeriglio, K. Clements, D. Knobel
Abstract The St. Kitts Sea Turtle Monitoring Network (SKSTMN) began implementation of a leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) monitoring program in 2003 on the main leatherback nesting beaches on St. Kitts, Keys Beach, and North Friars Beach, West Indies. From March 2003 to July 2016, a total of 2,419 adult female leatherback emergence events were recorded and evaluated. A notable decrease in adult leatherback emergence activity was observed over the course of the study period. The nesting season was documented to range from February to August. April and May were typically the months with the highest frequency of nesting. The number of females individually identified (flipper tagging and/or passive integrated transponder) from 2004–2016 was 259, with a mean curved carapace length (CCL) (n = 720) of 153 cm and mean curved carapace width (CCW) (n = 719) of 113 cm. Remigration intervals ranged from 1–5 yr with a median of 2 yr. For nesting females in St. Kitts over the course of the study period, mean clutch frequency (with standard deviation [SD]) was 3 (SD 2.9) and during a reproductive season was 2.2 (SD 1.44). Mean total number of eggs laid per nest was 113 with mean number of yolked eggs being 83.5 and yolkless 29.3. The mean incubation period was 59.5 days overall (SD 3.5) with a hatch success overall of 16.75%. Relocated nests had significantly lower hatch success than in situ nests and poaching rates decreased over the course of this study. From 2006–2016, a total of 191 blood samples were collected from 118 individual animals. Hematological and plasma biochemical parameters are outlined and changes in values in individuals over the course of nesting seasons and association with remigration intervals are described. The goal of this study was to report on 14 years of leatherback monitoring and determine the baseline health profile of the nesting leatherback population in St. Kitts.
圣基茨海龟监测网络(SKSTMN)于2003年开始在西印度群岛圣基茨岛、基斯海滩和北弗里尔斯海滩的主要棱皮龟筑巢海滩实施棱皮龟(Dermochelys coriacea)监测项目。从2003年3月至2016年7月,共记录和评估了2419例成年雌性棱皮龟的出现事件。在研究期间,观察到成年棱皮龟的出现活动显著减少。据记载,筑巢季节为2月至8月。4月和5月是典型的筑巢频率最高的月份。2004年至2016年,个体鉴定(鳍标记和/或被动综合应答器)的雌性数量为259只,平均弯曲甲壳长度(CCL) (n = 720)为153 cm,平均弯曲甲壳宽度(CCW) (n = 719)为113 cm。迁徙间隔为1-5年,中位数为2年。在整个研究期间,圣基茨筑巢的雌性平均产卵频率(标准差[SD])为3次(标准差为2.9),繁殖季节为2.2次(标准差为1.44)。每窝平均产蛋数为113枚,平均蛋黄蛋数为83.5枚,无蛋黄蛋数为29.3枚。平均孵化期为59.5 d (SD 3.5),孵化成功率为16.75%。迁移巢的孵化成功率明显低于原地巢,偷猎率在研究过程中有所下降。从2006年至2016年,共从118只动物身上采集了191份血液样本。概述了血液学和血浆生化参数,并描述了个体在筑巢季节和与迁徙间隔的关系中值的变化。这项研究的目的是报告14年的棱皮龟监测,并确定圣基茨筑巢的棱皮龟种群的基线健康状况。
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引用次数: 0
Colonic Diverticulosis in a Black Pine Snake (Pituophis Melanoleucus Lodingi) 黑松蛇结肠憩室病的研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.5818/JHMS-D-22-00028
W. Abbott, Miranda J. Sadar, Timothy B Kloer, D. Smeak, Devin von Stade, Sushan Han
Abstract A 6-yr-old captive-bred male black pine snake (Pituophis melanoleucus lodingi) weighing 0.49 kg with a snout-to-vent length of 127 cm was presented for evaluation of a caudal coelomic swelling that had been present for 3 days. Survey radiographs showed focal distention of the body wall with a mass of soft tissue and mineral opacity. Anti-inflammatory and empiric antibiotic treatments were initiated, with no significant improvement. Coelomic ultrasound showed effusion and intestinal changes consistent with an intussusception. On exploratory celiotomy, the mass was found to be a 10-cm-long colonic diverticulum. A colotomy was performed and inspissated fecal material was removed from the lumen of the diverticulum prior to its resection and closing of the bowel defect. Histological examination of the excised tissue was consistent with an intestinal diverticulum and complete absence of the smooth muscle layers, indicating nonperforating rupture of the bowel wall. The snake recovered uneventfully and began eating 5 days after surgery. On physical and ultrasound examinations 8 months after surgery, the snake's body condition had improved and there was no recurrence of clinical signs, with the snake remaining normal 30 months postsurgery at home.
摘要研究了一条6岁的雄性人工饲养黑松蛇(Pituophis melanoleucus lodingi),体重0.49 kg,口到口长度为127 cm,用于评估已经存在3天的尾鳍体腔肿胀。x线片显示体壁局灶性扩张,伴大量软组织和矿物混浊。开始抗炎和经验性抗生素治疗,无明显改善。体腔超声显示积液和肠道改变符合肠套叠。在探查性剖腹探查时,发现肿块是一个10厘米长的结肠憩室。进行结肠切除术,在切除和关闭肠缺损之前,从憩室的管腔中取出浓缩的粪便物质。切除组织的组织学检查符合肠憩室和平滑肌层的完全缺失,表明肠壁非穿孔性破裂。手术后5天,这条蛇平静地恢复并开始进食。术后8个月体格及超声检查,蛇体状况改善,无临床症状复发,术后30个月在家正常。
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引用次数: 0
Hematological Values of Red-eared Sliders (Trachemys Scripta elegans) in Fall 秋季红耳滑梯(Trachemys Scripta elegans)血液学值
Pub Date : 2022-11-22 DOI: 10.5818/JHMS-D-22-00030
C. Leineweber, A. Stöhr, S. Öfner, K. Mathes, R. Marschang
Abstract Hematology is an important tool for the veterinary evaluation of reptiles. At this time, there are limited data on hematological reference intervals and physiological factors that influence hematological values in many reptile species, including the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). The goal of this study was to establish subspecies-specific reference intervals for a single population of red-eared sliders from a lake in Southern Germany sampled on a single day in the fall. Lithium heparinized blood samples and blood smears were collected from 42 turtles and packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin, leukocytes, thrombocytes, and the differential blood count were evaluated. The results showed no significant differences between males and females, with the exception of the absolute monocyte count. The sex-independent calculated median values are: PCV 22.5%, hemoglobin 58.0 g/L, leukocytes 2.4 G/L, heterophils 0.51 G/L, eosinophils 0.82 G/L, basophils 0.19 G/L, lymphocytes 0.64 G/L, monocytes 0.01 G/L, and thrombocytes 12.16 G/L. The present study provides a basis for the evaluation of blood values in this commonly kept turtle species in order to facilitate the correct interpretation of blood results.
摘要血液学是爬行动物兽医评价的重要工具。目前,关于血液学参考区间和影响许多爬行动物血液学值的生理因素的数据有限,包括红耳滑鼠(Trachemys scripta elegans)。这项研究的目的是建立亚种特定的参考区间,为一个单一种群的红耳滑鼠从德国南部的一个湖泊在秋天的一天取样。收集42只海龟的锂肝素化血液样本和血涂片,并评估其堆积细胞体积(PCV)、血红蛋白、白细胞、血小板和差异血细胞计数。结果显示,除了绝对单核细胞计数外,男性和女性之间没有显著差异。与性别无关的计算中值为:PCV 22.5%,血红蛋白58.0 g/L,白细胞2.4 g/L,嗜异性粒细胞0.51 g/L,嗜酸性粒细胞0.82 g/L,嗜碱性粒细胞0.19 g/L,淋巴细胞0.64 g/L,单核细胞0.01 g/L,血小板12.16 g/L。本研究为这种常见的龟种的血液值评估提供了基础,以促进血液结果的正确解释。
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引用次数: 0
Cloacally Located Kidney Prolapsing in a Kingsnake Species (Lampropeltis spp.) 一种王蛇的局部肾脱垂(Lampropeltis spp.)
Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI: 10.5818/JHMS-D-21-00001
Jade Hardy, Ethan Biswell, N. Hardy, C. Eng
Abstract An 8½-yr-old female kingsnake (Lampropeltis spp.) presented for apparent constipation of 1-month duration. The physical exam revealed moderate constipation based on coelomic palpation. Radiographs confirmed probable follicular tissue in the mid-coelomic region and more radiodense fecal material within the distal colon. The snake was given an enema and, in the process, prolapsed a firm mass on a pedunculated stalk. The stalk was immediately ligated and transected due to mild hemorrhaging. Histopathology confirmed that the mass consisted of kidney tissue affected with a bacterial nephritis and contained granulomas and gouty tophi. Necropsy of the animal confirmed that the left kidney was missing within the coelomic cavity and had migrated to within the cloacal lumen. Additionally, the animal had severe folliculostasis and a bacterial cloacitis with foreign material (hair shafts) imbedded within the colonic body wall.
摘要一只8岁半的雌性王蛇(Lampropeltis spp.)出现了持续1个月的明显便秘。体腔触诊显示中度便秘。x线片证实体腔中部可能有滤泡组织,远端结肠内有更多放射性密集的粪便物质。这条蛇被灌肠,在灌肠的过程中,在有梗的茎上脱出了一个坚固的肿块。由于轻度出血,茎部立即结扎并横切。组织病理学证实,肿块由受细菌性肾炎影响的肾脏组织组成,并含有肉芽肿和痛风性痛风。动物的尸检证实左肾在体腔内缺失,并已迁移到腔腔内。此外,动物有严重的毛囊淤积和细菌阴囊炎,异物(毛干)嵌入结肠体壁。
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引用次数: 0
Capsule Reports 胶囊的报道
Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.5818/1529-9651-32.3.236
Louisa M. Asseo, Dvm Dabvp
One hundred thirty-one clinically healthy Hermann’s tortoises ( Testudo hermanii ) were studied to evaluate serum and plasma levels of symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA). The animals were mostly sourced from a rescue center in Germany. 98 males and 33 females were included in the study, weighing on average 1.1kg. Blood was collected from the dorsal tail vein without sedation in most animals as part of routine health screening. Blood samples were centrifuged and sent to IDEXX reference laboratory for analysis of SDMA using a novel high-throughput homogenous competitive immunoassay. SDMA ranged from 1-21 ug/dL. No difference was noted between male and female tortoises. Uric acid was analyzed on an in-house analyzer using a reference interval of 0.5-2.0 mg/dL. One hundred three tortoises had both a normal uric acid and SDMA and the remaining 28 tortoises had elevations in both uric acid and SDMA. The results of this study are suggestive of a correlation between these values.
对131只临床健康的Hermann氏龟(Testudo hermanii)进行了血清和血浆对称二甲基精氨酸(SDMA)水平的测定。这些动物大多来自德国的一家救援中心,研究中包括98只雄性和33只雌性,平均体重为1.1公斤。作为常规健康检查的一部分,大多数动物在没有镇静的情况下从尾背静脉采血。血样离心后送至IDEXX参比实验室,采用新型高通量均质竞争性免疫分析法分析SDMA。SDMA范围为1 ~ 21 ug/dL。雄性和雌性龟之间没有区别。在内部分析仪上分析尿酸,参考区间为0.5-2.0 mg/dL。103只龟的尿酸和SDMA均正常,其余28只龟的尿酸和SDMA均升高。这项研究的结果暗示了这些值之间的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Review of Chronic Ovoretention in Rattlesnakes (Crotalus and Sistrurus spp.) at a Single Zoological Institution 某动物研究所响尾蛇(Crotalus和Sistrurus)慢性过度注意力的研究综述
Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.5818/JHMS-D-21-00015
S. Kaye, Marc T. Valitutto
Abstract Chronic ovoretention, or egg binding, is a common cause of morbidity in captive female snakes. Both oviparous and viviparous species can be affected, but most literature is focused on management in oviparous species. The epidemiology and preferred treatment of chronic, unfertilized ovoretention in viviparous species, such as rattlesnakes, are not well described. This study reviewed the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality associated with ovoretention in Crotalus and Sistrurus rattlesnakes over 10 yr at a single institution. Period prevalence in mature female rattlesnakes (n = 63) was 15.9%. Ovoretention was the single most common clinical diagnosis for this cohort, comprising 32% of presentations (n = 25), and was the leading identified cause of death, with attribution in 20.8% of necropsies (n = 24). Data were abstracted from 10 cases, spanning eight crotalid species. Median age was 10 yr (range, 4–18 yr), and case fatality was 50%. Affected animals had variable parity and sperm exposure and presented with diverse clinical signs. Medical management alone was infrequently successful; most cases required procedural intervention. Salpingotomy had positive outcomes, including future reproductive success. Bacterial salpingitis, oophoritis, or both were detected in four cases. Serious comorbidities included uterine rupture, sepsis, and disseminated mycobacteriosis. Although prevalence of ovoretention in rattlesnakes likely varies across institutions, it can become a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in rattlesnake collections. Cases may have a long subclinical period despite significant pathologic lesions, and conservative management may be unrewarding. A more proactive, evidence-based approach to ovoretention could potentially improve the survival, welfare, and fertility of female rattlesnakes in human care.
慢性过度注意力,或卵结合,是一个常见的原因,在圈养雌蛇发病率。卵生和胎生物种都可能受到影响,但大多数文献都集中在卵生物种的管理上。在响尾蛇等胎生物种中,慢性未受精过度注意力的流行病学和首选治疗方法尚未得到很好的描述。本研究回顾了Crotalus和Sistrurus响尾蛇10年来与过度注意力相关的患病率、发病率和死亡率。成年雌响尾蛇(n = 63)的经期患病率为15.9%。过多注意力是该队列中最常见的临床诊断,占32% (n = 25),是确定的主要死亡原因,20.8%的尸检(n = 24)归因于此。数据来源于10个案例,涵盖8个响尾蛇种。中位年龄为10岁(范围4-18岁),病死率为50%。受影响的动物有不同的胎次和精子暴露,并表现出不同的临床症状。单独的医疗管理很少成功;大多数病例需要程序性干预。输卵管切开术有积极的结果,包括未来的生育成功。细菌性输卵管炎、卵巢炎或两者兼有4例。严重的合并症包括子宫破裂、败血症和播散性分枝杆菌病。尽管响尾蛇过度注意力的流行率可能因机构而异,但它可能成为响尾蛇收藏中发病率和死亡率的重要因素。尽管有明显的病理病变,但病例可能有很长的亚临床期,保守治疗可能没有效果。在人类护理中,一种更积极主动、以证据为基础的过度关注方法可能会改善雌性响尾蛇的生存、福利和繁殖能力。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the Drug Combination Nitazoxanide, Azithromycin, and Rifabutin as a Treatment for Cryptosporidium serpentis Infection in Eastern Indigo Snakes (Drymarchon couperi) 硝唑昔尼特、阿奇霉素、利福布汀联合治疗东部靛蓝蛇隐孢子虫感染的疗效评价
Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.5818/JHMS-D-22-00014
J. Bogan, Michelle Hoffman, M. Mitchell, M. Garner, A. Childress, J. Wellehan
Abstract Cryptosporidium serpentis is a common parasitic disease in captive snakes that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. To minimize the impact of this parasite, it is important to identify effective treatment methods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new drug regimen for treating C. serpentis in eastern indigo snakes (Drymarchon couperi). Twenty-four eastern indigo snakes naturally infected with C. serpentis were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received 20 mg/kg nitazoxanide, 10 mg/kg azithromycin, and 5 mg/kg rifabutin twice weekly in a food item for 6 wk, whereas the second group received no treatment in the food items. Cloacal swabs were collected every 2 months for 6 months to measure C. serpentis shedding by probe hybridization quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The eastern indigo snakes that were qPCR negative after 6 months were immunosuppressed with a single dose of 4 mg/kg dexamethasone sodium phosphate SC. These eastern indigo snakes were then screened by qPCR for an additional 6 months as described previously. Eastern indigo snakes that were qPCR negative after 1 yr of serial sampling were re-evaluated for C. serpentis via gastric biopsy for histological and qPCR analyses. Only 2 (16.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1–37.8) of 12 eastern indigo snakes from each group were qPCR negative before immunosuppression. The eastern indigo snakes in the treatment group did have a decrease in the amount of C. serpentis DNA shedding after treatment (P = 0.025), whereas the control eastern indigo snakes did not (P = 0.232). Only 1 (8.3%; 95% CI: 0.1–23.9) of 12 eastern indigo snakes in each group was negative 6 months after immunosuppression. These findings suggest that 20 mg/kg nitazoxanide, 10 mg/kg azithromycin, and 5 mg/kg rifabutin twice weekly for 6 wk in a food item is ineffective in eliminating C. serpentis in naturally infected eastern indigo snakes.
蛇隐孢子虫是圈养蛇中一种常见的寄生虫病,具有较高的发病率和死亡率。为了尽量减少这种寄生虫的影响,确定有效的治疗方法是很重要的。本研究的目的是评价一种治疗东部靛蓝蛇(Drymarchon couperi)蛇形弧菌的新药物方案。将24条自然感染蛇舌虫的东部靛蓝蛇随机分为两组。第一组每周两次在食物中添加20 mg/kg硝唑尼特、10 mg/kg阿奇霉素和5 mg/kg利福布汀,持续6周,而第二组在食物中不添加任何治疗。每2个月采集一次肛肠拭子,连续6个月采用探针杂交定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)检测蛇梭菌的脱落情况。6个月后qPCR阴性的东部靛蓝蛇被单剂量的4mg /kg地塞米松磷酸钠SC免疫抑制。这些东部靛蓝蛇随后被qPCR筛选6个月,如前面所述。连续取样1年后qPCR阴性的东部靛蓝蛇通过胃活检进行组织学和qPCR分析,重新评估蛇舌菌。只有2个(16.7%);95%可信区间[CI]: 0.1 ~ 37.8),各组12条东部靛蓝蛇免疫抑制前qPCR阴性。治疗组东部靛蓝蛇的DNA脱落量确实减少了(P = 0.025),而对照组东部靛蓝蛇的DNA脱落量没有减少(P = 0.232)。只有1人(8.3%);各组12只东部靛蓝蛇免疫抑制6个月后呈阴性(95% CI: 0.1 ~ 23.9)。这些结果表明,在食物中添加20 mg/kg硝唑尼特、10 mg/kg阿奇霉素和5 mg/kg利福布汀,每周2次,连续6周,对自然感染的东部靛蓝蛇的蛇弧菌是无效的。
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引用次数: 2
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Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery
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