Automatic form processing is an important application of document analysis subject. Such a system requires to be trained and tested on a standard database of forms collected from real-life. However, to the best of our knowledge, the only such available databases are NIST Special Databases. These databases consist of images of synthesized form documents. On the other hand, recently we developed a form database, samples of which had been taken from the real-life. ISIFormReader, a form processing system, also developed recently, has been tested using these real-life samples. An intensive study of the processing errors showed that writers' idiosyncracies are one of the major reasons of such errors as analyzed in U. Bhattacharya, et al., (2006). In the present paper, we investigated various other sources of errors which together cause a major concern. These include sample forms which are low in contrast, noisy, smudgy, skewed, scaled disturbing its aspect ratio and so on. An analysis of errors due to similar such sources is important towards development of an improved form processing system.
{"title":"Analysis of Error Sources Towards Improved Form Processing","authors":"U. Bhattacharya, Bikash Shaw, S. K. Parui","doi":"10.1109/ICIT.2006.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2006.30","url":null,"abstract":"Automatic form processing is an important application of document analysis subject. Such a system requires to be trained and tested on a standard database of forms collected from real-life. However, to the best of our knowledge, the only such available databases are NIST Special Databases. These databases consist of images of synthesized form documents. On the other hand, recently we developed a form database, samples of which had been taken from the real-life. ISIFormReader, a form processing system, also developed recently, has been tested using these real-life samples. An intensive study of the processing errors showed that writers' idiosyncracies are one of the major reasons of such errors as analyzed in U. Bhattacharya, et al., (2006). In the present paper, we investigated various other sources of errors which together cause a major concern. These include sample forms which are low in contrast, noisy, smudgy, skewed, scaled disturbing its aspect ratio and so on. An analysis of errors due to similar such sources is important towards development of an improved form processing system.","PeriodicalId":161120,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT'06)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124822538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As technology scales down to nanometer technology, coupling effects between neighboring wires have a significant impact on power consumption and signal integrity on on-chip interconnects. Especially, on-chip inductive effects need to be taken into account due to low-resistance metal interconnection and fast signal transition times in nowadays IC design. In this paper, we propose a low power bus encoding scheme which reduces the capacitive and inductive effects between bus wires simultaneously by the measurement of real RLC model. The experimental results showed that our approach can save power consumption of the bus up to 15%.
{"title":"DS2IS: Dictionary-based Segmented Signal Inversion Scheme for Low Power Dynamic Bus Design","authors":"Shang-Fang Tsai, S. Ruan","doi":"10.1109/ICIT.2006.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2006.47","url":null,"abstract":"As technology scales down to nanometer technology, coupling effects between neighboring wires have a significant impact on power consumption and signal integrity on on-chip interconnects. Especially, on-chip inductive effects need to be taken into account due to low-resistance metal interconnection and fast signal transition times in nowadays IC design. In this paper, we propose a low power bus encoding scheme which reduces the capacitive and inductive effects between bus wires simultaneously by the measurement of real RLC model. The experimental results showed that our approach can save power consumption of the bus up to 15%.","PeriodicalId":161120,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT'06)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125411692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the size and increasing complexity of telecom networks, there is a need to interconnect management systems at different levels. This requires information flow across many applications in a domain independent way. XML is a widely deployed standard which is being used for integration of network management system(NMS) with other applications. We examine the performance of different transport mechanisms, JMS, CORBA, HTTP and RMI for an XML message based event Notification Service. To improve the performance of XML message based event notifications, event grouping is examined and is found to perform well.
{"title":"An Event Notification Service based on XML Messaging on Different Transport Technologies","authors":"Ravinder Thirumala, N. Rani, T. Gonsalves","doi":"10.1109/ICIT.2006.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2006.28","url":null,"abstract":"With the size and increasing complexity of telecom networks, there is a need to interconnect management systems at different levels. This requires information flow across many applications in a domain independent way. XML is a widely deployed standard which is being used for integration of network management system(NMS) with other applications. We examine the performance of different transport mechanisms, JMS, CORBA, HTTP and RMI for an XML message based event Notification Service. To improve the performance of XML message based event notifications, event grouping is examined and is found to perform well.","PeriodicalId":161120,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT'06)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130744519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Self Adaptive Hybrid Channel Assignment (SA-HCA) scheme for cellular wireless communication system is proposed. It uses history of traffic data of the cells to predict most probable future estimation of the communication loads. Using the predicted load patterns, the channel assignments to the cells are adjusted.
{"title":"A Self-Adaptive Hybrid Channel Assignment Scheme forWireless Communication Systems","authors":"A. Prajapati, R. K. Ghosh, H. Mohanty","doi":"10.1109/ICIT.2006.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2006.19","url":null,"abstract":"A Self Adaptive Hybrid Channel Assignment (SA-HCA) scheme for cellular wireless communication system is proposed. It uses history of traffic data of the cells to predict most probable future estimation of the communication loads. Using the predicted load patterns, the channel assignments to the cells are adjusted.","PeriodicalId":161120,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT'06)","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127177315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Secure and efficient group communication in ad hoc networks is a very challenging task. Due to resource constraints in ad hoc networks, the group key agreement protocols must be efficient in various parameters such as number of rounds, number of messages exchanged, exponential computation performed etc. This paper presents various group key agreement protocols, and compares them for their suitability for ad hoc networks.
{"title":"Complexity Analysis of Group Key Agreement Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks","authors":"R. C. Gangwar, A. Sarje","doi":"10.1109/ICIT.2006.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2006.39","url":null,"abstract":"Secure and efficient group communication in ad hoc networks is a very challenging task. Due to resource constraints in ad hoc networks, the group key agreement protocols must be efficient in various parameters such as number of rounds, number of messages exchanged, exponential computation performed etc. This paper presents various group key agreement protocols, and compares them for their suitability for ad hoc networks.","PeriodicalId":161120,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT'06)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127848331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An important approach for image segmentation is clustering the pixels based on their spectral properties. In this paper, a newly developed point symmetry distance is used to propose a new cluster validity index named S-index (Symmetry distance based index) which can provide a measure of goodness of clustering on different partitions of a data set. We have used one genetic clustering algorithm for partitioning the data set. Results demonstrating the superiority of the S-index in appropriately determining the number of clusters as compared to two other recently proposed measures, namely the PS index and PBM index, are provided for automatically classifying different landcover regions in remote sensing imagery.
图像分割的一个重要方法是根据像素的光谱特性对其进行聚类。本文利用新提出的点对称距离，提出了一种新的聚类有效性指标S-index (symmetry distance based index)，该指标可以衡量数据集在不同分区上聚类的优劣。我们使用了一种遗传聚类算法来划分数据集。与PS指数和PBM指数这两种最近提出的方法相比，s指数在适当确定聚类数量方面具有优势，可用于遥感影像中不同土地覆盖区域的自动分类。
{"title":"A New Symmetry Based Cluster Validity Index: Application to Satellite Image Segmentation","authors":"S. Saha, S. Bandyopadhyay, U. Maulik","doi":"10.1109/ICIT.2006.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2006.15","url":null,"abstract":"An important approach for image segmentation is clustering the pixels based on their spectral properties. In this paper, a newly developed point symmetry distance is used to propose a new cluster validity index named S-index (Symmetry distance based index) which can provide a measure of goodness of clustering on different partitions of a data set. We have used one genetic clustering algorithm for partitioning the data set. Results demonstrating the superiority of the S-index in appropriately determining the number of clusters as compared to two other recently proposed measures, namely the PS index and PBM index, are provided for automatically classifying different landcover regions in remote sensing imagery.","PeriodicalId":161120,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT'06)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130137379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the major conceptual analyses in analytical CRM is customer loyalty. Current methods use user defined and statistical methods for loyalty analysis. One of the major limitations of these methods is that they assign every customer into exactly one segment, which may be counter intuitive. In this paper a novel approach using fuzzy logic has been discussed. The proposed method uses fuzzy context model to extract the customer membership to a segment of interest. A real life case study shows promising results for the proposed approach.
{"title":"Fuzzy data mining for customer loyalty analysis","authors":"J. B. Simha, S. S. Iyengar","doi":"10.1109/ICIT.2006.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2006.55","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major conceptual analyses in analytical CRM is customer loyalty. Current methods use user defined and statistical methods for loyalty analysis. One of the major limitations of these methods is that they assign every customer into exactly one segment, which may be counter intuitive. In this paper a novel approach using fuzzy logic has been discussed. The proposed method uses fuzzy context model to extract the customer membership to a segment of interest. A real life case study shows promising results for the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":161120,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT'06)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133328700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Searching and comparing products satisfying buyer's preferences is one of the essential activities in e-commerce. It is difficult when product space is large and multiple criteria on the product features are to be considered. Furthermore, the matchmaking becomes a challenging problem if buyer's preferences are fuzzy. In this paper, we present a linguistic approach to compare and rank products based on fuzzy preferences, thus making e-commerce more pleasurable for both the buyer and the seller in a marketplace. Our experimental results show the approach approximates human reasoning and is very encouraging.
{"title":"Fuzzy Linguistic Approach to Matchmaking in E-Commerce","authors":"A. Ojha, S. Pradhan","doi":"10.1109/ICIT.2006.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2006.56","url":null,"abstract":"Searching and comparing products satisfying buyer's preferences is one of the essential activities in e-commerce. It is difficult when product space is large and multiple criteria on the product features are to be considered. Furthermore, the matchmaking becomes a challenging problem if buyer's preferences are fuzzy. In this paper, we present a linguistic approach to compare and rank products based on fuzzy preferences, thus making e-commerce more pleasurable for both the buyer and the seller in a marketplace. Our experimental results show the approach approximates human reasoning and is very encouraging.","PeriodicalId":161120,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT'06)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128460464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Search for a Web-page using Crawler based Search Engine depends on its Ranking Mechanism. Search Engine sorts through millions of Web-pages and present the significant Web-pages through Ranking method. A new approach is proposed here adopting Cellular Automata.
{"title":"An Alternate Way to Rank Hyper-linked Web-Pages","authors":"A. Kundu, R. Dutta, Debajyoti Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1109/ICIT.2006.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2006.26","url":null,"abstract":"Search for a Web-page using Crawler based Search Engine depends on its Ranking Mechanism. Search Engine sorts through millions of Web-pages and present the significant Web-pages through Ranking method. A new approach is proposed here adopting Cellular Automata.","PeriodicalId":161120,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT'06)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115368327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we proposed some flexible methods, which are useful in the process of voice conversion. The proposed methods modify the shape of the vocal tract system and the characteristics of the prosody according to the desired requirement. The shape of the vocal tract system is modified by shifting the major resonant frequencies (formants) of the short term spectrum, and altering their band- widths accordingly. In the case of prosody modification, the required durational and intonational characteristics are imposed on the given speech signal. In the proposed method, the prosodic characteristics are manipulated using instants of significant excitation. The instants of significant excitation correspond to the instants of glottal closure (epochs) in the case of voiced speech, and to some random excitations like onset of burst in the case of nonvoiced speech. Instants of significant excitation are computed from the linear prediction (LP) residual of the speech signals by using the property of average group delay of minimum phase signals. The manipulations of durational characteristics and pitch contour (intonation pattern) are achieved by manipulating the LP residual with the help of the knowledge of the instants of significant excitation. The modified LP residual is used to excite the time varying filter. The filter parameters are updated according to the desired vocal tract characteristics. The proposed methods are evaluated using listening tests.
{"title":"Voice Conversion by Prosody and Vocal Tract Modification","authors":"K. S. Rao, B. Yegnanarayana","doi":"10.1109/ICIT.2006.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2006.92","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we proposed some flexible methods, which are useful in the process of voice conversion. The proposed methods modify the shape of the vocal tract system and the characteristics of the prosody according to the desired requirement. The shape of the vocal tract system is modified by shifting the major resonant frequencies (formants) of the short term spectrum, and altering their band- widths accordingly. In the case of prosody modification, the required durational and intonational characteristics are imposed on the given speech signal. In the proposed method, the prosodic characteristics are manipulated using instants of significant excitation. The instants of significant excitation correspond to the instants of glottal closure (epochs) in the case of voiced speech, and to some random excitations like onset of burst in the case of nonvoiced speech. Instants of significant excitation are computed from the linear prediction (LP) residual of the speech signals by using the property of average group delay of minimum phase signals. The manipulations of durational characteristics and pitch contour (intonation pattern) are achieved by manipulating the LP residual with the help of the knowledge of the instants of significant excitation. The modified LP residual is used to excite the time varying filter. The filter parameters are updated according to the desired vocal tract characteristics. The proposed methods are evaluated using listening tests.","PeriodicalId":161120,"journal":{"name":"9th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT'06)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114473376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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