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Cephalic ganglia transcriptomics of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana (Blattodea: Blattidae). 美洲大蠊头神经节转录组学研究。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae113
Ilana Levy, Ryan Arvidson

The American cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.) (Blattodea, Blattidae) has been a model organism for biochemical and physiological study for almost a century, however, its use does not benefit from the genetic tools found in key model species such as Drosophila melanogaster. To facilitate the use of the cockroach as a model system in neuroscience and to serve as a foundation for functional and translational experimentation, a transcriptome of the cephalic ganglia was assembled and annotated, and differential expression profiles between these ganglia were assessed. The transcriptome assembly yielded >400 k transcripts, with >40 k putative coding sequences. Gene ontology and protein domain searches indicate the cerebral and gnathal ganglia (GNG) have distinct genetic expression profiles. The developmental Toll signaling pathway appears to be active in the adult central nervous system (CNS), which may suggest a separate role for this pathway besides innate immune activation or embryonic development. The catabolic glycolytic and citric acid cycle enzymes are well represented in both ganglia, but key enzymes are more highly expressed in the GNG. Both ganglia express gluconeogenic and trehaloneogenic enzymes, suggesting a larger role of the CNS in regulating hemolymph sugar homeostasis than previously appreciated. The annotation and quantification of the cephalic ganglia transcriptome reveal both canonical and novel pathways in signaling and metabolism in an adult insect and lay a foundation for future functional and genetic analysis.

近一个世纪以来,美洲大蠊(大蠊科,小蠊科)一直是生物化学和生理研究的模式生物,然而,它的使用并没有受益于在黑腹果蝇等关键模式物种中发现的遗传工具。为了方便将蟑螂作为神经科学的模型系统,并作为功能和翻译实验的基础,我们组装和注释了头神经节的转录组,并评估了这些神经节之间的差异表达谱。转录组组装产生bb10 400k个转录本,其中bb10 40k个推定编码序列。基因本体和蛋白质结构域的研究表明,脑神经节和颌神经节具有不同的基因表达谱。发育性Toll信号通路在成人中枢神经系统(CNS)中似乎是活跃的,这可能表明除了先天免疫激活或胚胎发育外,该通路还具有单独的作用。分解代谢糖酵解酶和柠檬酸循环酶在两个神经节中都有很好的表达,但关键酶在GNG中表达更高。两个神经节都表达糖异生酶和海藻生酶,这表明中枢神经系统在调节血淋巴糖稳态方面的作用比以前所认识的要大。头神经节转录组的注释和量化揭示了成虫信号和代谢的典型和新的途径,为未来的功能和遗传分析奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Population records reveal expanded habitat preference for the endemic, predaceous Jamaican fungus gnat Neoditomyia farri (Diptera, Keroplatidae). 种群记录显示,牙买加特有的掠食性真菌蚋 Neoditomyia farri(双翅目,Keroplatidae)对栖息地的偏好有所扩大。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae105
Ronald S Stewart, Silvia Kouwenberg, Johannes Pauel, Sarah Stellwagen

The predaceous fly Neoditomyia farri Coher is currently regarded as having an unknown population distribution in Jamaica. The larvae are known for their production of sticky "fishing lines" that are covered in adhesive droplets for prey capture and hang down from cave walls and ceilings. Published research beyond early observational records of the species is limited to one site-Dromilly Cave in the parish of Trelawny. The Jamaican Caves Organisation has observed larvae of the species at 26 caves visited over the last 2 decades and compiled a database with details of approximate numbers, internal and external environmental conditions, and accurate positions. Based on these records, we present evidence that the species is not cave obligate and describe factors that may suggest potential additional sites where the species can be found. Taken together, our observations paint a picture of a species which is ubiquitous and not under discernible threat, making it an excellent candidate for further research on its unique life history and behavior, which remain poorly understood.

食肉蝇 Neoditomyia farri Coher 目前在牙买加的分布情况不明。其幼虫因产生粘性 "钓线 "而闻名,钓线上覆盖着粘性液滴,用于捕捉猎物,并悬挂在洞壁和天花板上。除了早期的观察记录外,对该物种的公开研究仅限于一个地点--特里劳尼教区的德罗米利洞穴。牙买加洞穴组织在过去 20 年中考察了 26 个洞穴,观察到了该物种的幼虫,并编制了一个数据库,其中详细记录了幼虫的大致数量、内部和外部环境条件以及准确位置。根据这些记录,我们提出了该物种并非必须生活在洞穴中的证据,并描述了可能会发现该物种的其他潜在地点的因素。总之,我们的观察结果描绘了一个无处不在且未受到明显威胁的物种,使其成为进一步研究其独特生活史和行为的绝佳候选物种。
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引用次数: 0
Low-density migratory beekeeping induces intermediate disturbance effects on native bee communities in Tibetan Plateau alpine meadows. 低密度迁徙式养蜂对青藏高原高山草甸上的本地蜜蜂群落产生了中间干扰效应。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae108
Anthony D Vaudo, Michael C Orr, Qing-Song Zhou, Chao-Dong Zhu, Junpeng Mu, Margarita M López-Uribe

Ecological disturbance can promote or reduce community biodiversity depending on its severity. Beekeeping activities represent a type of ecological disturbance when large numbers of honey bees are introduced to a landscape and interact with the local plant and pollinator community. In this study, we characterized the effect of immediate and long-term low-density migratory beekeeping on the diversity and abundance of native bees in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (China). We found that the presence of apiaries and the number of honey bees reduced native bee abundances in the local bee community, likely through displacement from floral resources. However, in locations where apiaries were previously kept for decades but are not currently present, native bee abundances recovered, and phylogenetic diversity increased; yet community relative abundances and dominant species were distinct from those that had never been stocked. Our results suggest that the presence of a transient, intermediate number of migratory honey bee colonies (60-100 colonies spaced ≥15 km from each other) may represent an intermediate ecological disturbance and not permanently reduce native bee abundances past a critical threshold that may lead to local extirpation. Yet, our study demonstrates the potential for even intermediate-scale low-density beekeeping to alter native bee communities in the long-term.

生态干扰可促进或减少群落生物多样性,具体取决于其严重程度。当大量蜜蜂被引入景观并与当地植物和授粉者群落相互作用时,养蜂活动就是一种生态干扰。在这项研究中,我们描述了短期和长期低密度迁徙养蜂对青藏高原(中国)本地蜜蜂多样性和丰度的影响。我们发现,养蜂场的存在和蜜蜂的数量降低了当地蜜蜂群落中本地蜜蜂的丰度,这可能是由于花卉资源的迁移造成的。然而,在以前曾有养蜂场但现在没有养蜂场的地方,本地蜜蜂的数量有所恢复,系统发育多样性也有所增加;但群落的相对丰度和优势物种与从未有养蜂场的地方有所不同。我们的研究结果表明,瞬时的、中等数量的迁徙蜜蜂群(60-100群,每群相距≥15千米)的存在可能是一种中等程度的生态干扰,不会永久性地降低本地蜜蜂的丰度,使其超过可能导致本地蜜蜂灭绝的临界阈值。然而,我们的研究表明,即使是中等规模的低密度养蜂也有可能长期改变本地蜜蜂群落。
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引用次数: 0
Bee cups 2.0: P-cups as single-use cages for honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) experiments. 蜂杯 2.0:作为蜜蜂(膜翅目:鳞翅目)实验一次性使用笼子的 P 形杯。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae107
Jay D Evans, Zachary Lamas, Lindsey M Markowitz, Evan C Palmer-Young, Eugene V Ryabov, Dawn Boncristiani, Yan Ping Chen

Honey bees and other pollinators face threats from pesticides, imperfect nutrition, and a diverse set of parasites and pathogens. Honey bees are also a research model for development, social behavior, microbiology, and aging. Tackling these questions requires a mix of in-hive and controlled laboratory experiments. We have perfected small-scale, inexpensive, disposable, and rearing arenas for honey bees that have proved useful for hundreds of bioassays with thousands of bees. We describe those arenas here, show their advantages over current hoarding cages, and provide videos demonstrating their many uses.

蜜蜂和其他授粉者面临着杀虫剂、不完善的营养以及多种寄生虫和病原体的威胁。蜜蜂还是发育、社会行为、微生物学和衰老的研究模型。要解决这些问题,需要将蜂巢内实验和实验室对照实验结合起来。我们已经完善了小型、廉价、一次性的蜜蜂饲养场,这些饲养场已被证明可用于数以千计蜜蜂的数百项生物实验。我们在此介绍这些饲养场,展示它们与现有囤积笼相比的优势,并提供视频演示它们的多种用途。
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引用次数: 0
Nonlinear transcriptomic responses to compounded environmental changes across temperature and resources in a pest beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). 不同温度和资源复合环境变化对斑斑小金甲非线性转录组反应的影响
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae106
Beth A McCaw, Aoife M Leonard, Lesley T Lancaster

Many species are experiencing drastic and multidimensional changes to their environment due to anthropogenic events. These multidimensional changes may act nonadditively on physiological and life history responses, and thus may not be predicted by responses to single dimensional environmental changes. Therefore, work is needed to understand species' responses to multiple aspects of change. We used whole-transcriptomic RNA-Sequencing and life history assays to uncover responses to singly-applied shifts in resource or temperature environmental dimensions, in comparison to combined, multidimensional change, in the crop pest seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. We found that multidimensional change caused larger fecundity, developmental period and offspring viability life history changes than predicted by additive effects of 1-dimensional changes. In addition, there was little overlap between genes differentially expressed under multidimensional treatment versus under altered resource or temperature conditions alone. Moreover, 115 genes exhibited significant resource × temperature interaction effects on expression, including those involved in energy metabolism, detoxification, and enhanced formation of cuticle structural components. We conclude that single dimensional changes alone cannot determine life history and transcriptomic responses to multidimensional environmental change. These results highlight the importance of studying multidimensional environmental change for understanding the molecular and phenotypic responses that may allow organisms including insects to rapidly adapt simultaneously to multiple aspects of environmental change.

由于人类活动,许多物种的生存环境正在经历多维度的剧烈变化。这些多维变化可能会对生理和生活史反应产生非加成作用,因此可能无法通过对单一维度环境变化的反应来预测。因此,需要努力了解物种对多方面变化的反应。我们利用全转录组 RNA 测序和生活史测定法,发现了农作物害虫籽甲对资源或温度环境单一变化的反应,并与综合、多维变化进行了比较。我们发现,多维变化引起的繁殖力、发育期和后代存活率等生活史变化要大于单维变化的叠加效应所预测的变化。此外,在多维处理与单独改变资源或温度条件下差异表达的基因之间几乎没有重叠。此外,115 个基因的表达表现出明显的资源×温度交互效应,包括那些参与能量代谢、解毒和增强角质层结构成分形成的基因。我们的结论是,仅凭单一维度的变化并不能确定生命史和转录组对多维环境变化的反应。这些结果凸显了研究多维环境变化对了解分子和表型反应的重要性,这些反应可能使包括昆虫在内的生物体同时快速适应多方面的环境变化。
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引用次数: 0
A window on remarkable cryptic diversity of the Merodon planifacies subgroup (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 非洲热带地区的 Merodon planifacies 亚群(双翅目:蚜科)显隐多样性之窗。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae091
Ante Vujić, Mihajla Djan, Snežana Radenković, Laura Likov, Jelena Ačanski, Dušanka Vujanović, Nevena Veličković, Celeste Pérez-Bañón, Santos Rojo, Andrea Aracil, Kurt Jordaens, Gunilla Ståhls

The genus Merodon Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) is one of the most species-rich hoverfly genera distributed across the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions. In the Palaearctic, the genus Merodon boasts 195 described species, while its Afrotropical region pales in comparison, with a mere 17 species documented thus far. As a result of 8 years of fieldwork conducted in the Republic of South Africa, in this paper, we present the description of 11 new species for science with a description of immature stages for 2 species, which increases the diversity of this genus in the Afrotropical region by remarkable 39%. These revelations are based on integrating morphology, molecular analysis (COI gene and 28S rRNA) and geometric morphometry. All described species belong to the Merodon planifacies subgroup, the Merodon desuturinus lineage and, within that, to the Afrotropical Merodon melanocerus group. Additionally, we provide an illustrated key to 15 species belonging to the subgroup, a detailed discussion on relevant taxonomic characters, a morphological diagnosis, a distribution map and clarification of the association between M. capi complex and host plants from the genus Merwilla.

食蚜蝇属(Merodon Meigen)(双翅目:食蚜蝇科)是物种最丰富的食蚜蝇属之一,分布在古北区和非热带区。在古北区,食蚜蝇属拥有 195 个已描述的物种,而其非洲热带地区则相形见绌,迄今为止仅有 17 个物种记录在案。经过 8 年在南非共和国的实地考察,我们在本文中为科学界描述了 11 个新物种,并描述了 2 个物种的未成熟阶段,这使该属在非洲热带地区的多样性显著增加了 39%。这些发现是在综合形态学、分子分析(COI 基因和 28S rRNA)和几何形态计量学的基础上得出的。所有描述的物种都属于 Merodon planifacies 亚群、Merodon desuturinus 系,以及非洲热带 Merodon melanocerus 群。此外,我们还提供了属于该亚群的 15 个物种的图解关键字,详细讨论了相关的分类特征、形态诊断、分布图,并澄清了 M. capi 复合物与 Merwilla 属寄主植物之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Airborne metofluthrin, a pyrethroid repellent, does not impact foraging honey bees. 空气中的甲氟菊酯是一种拟除虫菊酯驱虫剂,对觅食的蜜蜂没有影响。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae103
Margaret J Couvillon, John Hainze, Connor Bizon, Lindsay E Johnson, Ian F McKellips, Benjamin E McMillan, Bradley D Ohlinger, Robert B J Ostrom, Roger Schürch

Outdoor spatial mosquito repellents, such as mosquito coils or heating devices, release pyrethroid insecticides into the air to provide protection from mosquitoes within a defined area. This broadcast discharge of pyrethroids into the environment raises concern about the effect on non-target organisms. A previous study found that prallethrin discharged from a heating device did not affect honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) [Hymenoptera: Apidae] foraging or recruitment. In this second study, there was no significant difference in foraging frequency (our primary outcome), waggle dance propensity, or persistency in honey bees collecting sucrose solution between those exposed to metofluthrin from a different heating device and bees exposed to a non-metofluthrin control. One measure, waggle dance frequency, was higher in the metofluthrin treatment than the control but this outcome was likely a spurious result due to the small sample size. The small particle size of the emissions, averaging 4.43 µm, from the heated spatial repellent products, which remain airborne with little settling, may play an important role in the lack of effect found on honey bee foraging.

室外空间驱蚊器(如蚊香或加热装置)向空气中释放拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂,以防止蚊子在规定区域内飞舞。这种将拟除虫菊酯播散到环境中的做法引起了人们对非目标生物影响的关注。之前的一项研究发现,从加热装置中释放的炔丙菊酯不会影响蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L. [膜翅目:鳞翅目])的觅食或繁殖。在第二项研究中,暴露于不同加热装置的甲氟菊酯的蜜蜂与暴露于非甲氟菊酯对照组的蜜蜂在觅食频率(我们的主要结果)、摇摆舞倾向或采集蔗糖溶液的持久性方面没有显著差异。有一项指标,即摇摆舞频率,甲氟菊酯处理的蜜蜂高于对照组,但由于样本量较小,这一结果很可能是虚假的。加热后的空间驱避剂产品的排放物粒径较小,平均为 4.43 微米,在空气中几乎不会沉降,这可能是对蜜蜂觅食没有影响的重要原因。
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引用次数: 0
Past and current climate as a driver in shaping the distribution of the Longitarsus candidulus species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). 过去和现在的气候是影响鞘翅目:蝶形目:Longitarsus candidulus 物种群分布的驱动因素。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae089
Maurizio Biondi, Paola D'Alessandro, Daniele Salvi, Emanuele Berrilli, Mattia Iannella

Longitarsus candidulus (Foudras) is a thermophilic flea beetle species widely distributed in the Mediterranean Basin and associated with Daphne gnidium L. and Thymelaea hirsuta (L.). Longitarsus laureolae Biondi and Longitarsus leonardii Doguet, phylogenetically closely related to L. candidulus, show together a peculiar and rare disjunct distribution along the central-southern Apennines and the Cantabrian-Pyrenean mountain system, respectively. Both are associated with Daphne laureola L. in mesophilic habitats. We used "ecological niche modeling" to infer the Pleistocene dynamics in the distribution of the three flea beetle species and their host plants. We interpreted their current distributions, paying particular attention to the presumed time of species divergence as inferred from recent studies. The differentiation of L. laureolae and L. leonardii from L. candidulus likely represents a response to the marked climatic changes during the Late Pliocene. Such a split was likely associated with a trophic niche shift of the laureolae/leonardii ancestor towards the typically mesophilic host plant D. laureola. The subsequent split between L. laureolae and L. leonardii, possibly due at first to the niche competition, was then boosted by an allopatric divergence during the Middle Pleistocene, likely caused by a large area of low environmental suitability for both species, mainly located between the northern Apennines and the south-western Alps.

Longitarsus candidulus (Foudras) 是一种嗜热跳甲,广泛分布于地中海盆地,与 Daphne gnidium L. 和 Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) 相关。Longitarsus laureolae Biondi 和 Longitarsus leonardii Doguet 在系统发育上与 L. candidulus 关系密切,它们分别沿着亚平宁半岛中南部和坎塔布里亚-比利牛斯山系共同呈现出独特而罕见的不连续性分布。两者都与月桂树达芙妮(Daphne laureola L.)伴生在中亲水性生境中。我们利用 "生态位模型 "来推断这三种跳甲及其寄主植物在更新世的分布动态。我们对它们目前的分布进行了解释,特别关注了根据最新研究推断的物种分化时间。L.laureolae和L.leonardii与L.candidulus的分化很可能是对上新世晚期显著的气候变化做出的反应。这种分化很可能与月桂藻/月桂褐藻的祖先向典型的中亲性寄主植物月桂藻的营养位转移有关。随后,L. laureolae 和 L. leonardii 之间发生了分裂,最初可能是由于生态位的竞争,随后在中更新世期间,可能由于主要位于亚平宁半岛北部和阿尔卑斯山西南部之间的大片环境适宜性较低的地区,出现了异地分化。
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引用次数: 0
Phenology, voltinism, and brood development of Xylosandrus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) ambrosia beetles in New York. 纽约伏甲 Xylosandrus(鞘翅目:卷须科)的物候学、伏期和育雏。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae102
Lindsey R Milbrath, Jeromy Biazzo

The ambrosia beetles Xylosandrus germanus (Blanford) and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) are nonnative pests in orchards and nurseries in North America. They construct galleries in the sapwood of stressed woody hosts and culture a symbiotic fungus as food for their offspring. Preventing attacks is preferred but a better understanding of their biology may elucidate additional avenues for control. Recent phenological studies are lacking for X. germanus that is common in New York, and biological information on brood and gallery development is lacking for the less abundant X. crassiusculus. We conducted both outdoor rearing and laboratory studies to better understand the timing of key events in the maturation of their galleries, particularly associated with the symbiotic fungi. Two and a partial third summer generation were consistently observed over 2 yr for X. germanus; and thus, 3 flights of adult females (foundresses) occurred each summer from mid-April to late September. In both the field and laboratory, initial growth of the symbiotic fungus occurs within a few days of gallery initiation. The rapid development of the reproductive tract and oviposition by X. germanus appears to be stimulated by the presence of the fungus. Fungal, reproductive, and brood development are similar for the related X. crassiusculus in laboratory studies; the 2 species mainly appear to differ in size. The lag between beetle colonization and reproduction currently seems too brief to be exploited for management. Disruption of other stages in gallery development should also be explored to minimize the beetle damage if attacks cannot be prevented.

伏甲 Xylosandrus germanus (Blanford) 和 Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) 是北美果园和苗圃中的非本地害虫。它们在受压木质寄主的边材中构建虫道,并培养一种共生真菌作为其后代的食物。最好的办法是防止攻击,但更好地了解它们的生物学特性可能会找到更多的控制途径。最近缺乏对纽约常见的 X. germanus 的物候学研究,也缺乏对数量较少的 X. crassiusculus 的育雏和走廊发育的生物学信息。我们进行了室外饲养和实验室研究,以更好地了解其虫瘿成熟的关键时间,特别是与共生真菌有关的时间。因此,每年夏季从 4 月中旬到 9 月下旬,都会有 3 次成年雌虫(母虫)飞行。在野外和实验室中,共生真菌的初始生长发生在虫廊开始的几天内。X. germanus 生殖道的快速发育和产卵似乎受到真菌存在的刺激。在实验室研究中,与之相关的 X. crassiusculus 的真菌、生殖和产卵发育情况相似;这两个物种似乎主要在体型上有所不同。目前看来,甲虫定殖与繁殖之间的时间差太短,无法用于管理。如果无法阻止甲虫的攻击,还应该研究如何破坏走廊发育的其他阶段,以尽量减少甲虫的危害。
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引用次数: 0
Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers for Periplaneta americana (Blattodea: Blattidae). Periplaneta americana(蜚蠊目:蜚蠊科)多态性微卫星标记的开发和特征描述。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae096
Li Lim, Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid

The American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Blattodea: Blattidae), is a prevalent urban pest with significant public health implications. This study aimed to develop and validate novel microsatellite markers to understand the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of P. americana. In this study, a total of 397,898 microsatellite markers were developed based on 24.6 million genomic DNA sequences. Twenty microsatellite markers were selected and amplified with varying numbers of alleles ranging from 0 to 35. Seven out of 20 markers were characterized for their polymorphism and amplification efficiency. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values of these markers were high (0.669 to 0.950) implying their effectiveness. These markers also revealed 7 to 35 alleles per locus across tested samples, highlighting their utility in assessing the extensive genetic variation within Periplaneta americana populations. These results provide insightful information that may be applied to the genetic analysis of the American cockroach population using the developed species-specific microsatellite marker.

美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana)(蜚蠊科:Blattodea: Blattidae)是一种普遍存在的城市害虫,对公共卫生有重大影响。本研究旨在开发和验证新型微卫星标记,以了解美洲大蠊的遗传多样性和种群遗传结构。在这项研究中,基于 2460 万个基因组 DNA 序列共开发了 397 898 个微卫星标记。选择并扩增了 20 个等位基因数从 0 到 35 不等的微卫星标记。对 20 个标记中的 7 个进行了多态性和扩增效率鉴定。这些标记的多态性信息含量(PIC)值很高(0.669 至 0.950),表明它们很有效。这些标记还显示,在所有测试样本中,每个位点有 7 至 35 个等位基因,突出表明了它们在评估 Periplaneta americana 种群内部广泛遗传变异方面的实用性。这些结果提供了具有洞察力的信息,可用于利用开发的物种特异性微卫星标记对美洲大蠊种群进行遗传分析。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Insect Science
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