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Direct and indirect effects of selective insecticides on 2 generalist predators of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). 选择性杀虫剂对 Bemisia tabaci(半翅目:蝼蛄科)的两种食肉动物的直接和间接影响。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae104
Albertha J Parkins, Arash Kheirodin, Jermaine D Perier, Paulo S G Cremonez, David G Riley, Alvin M Simmons, Jason M Schmidt

Generalist arthropod predators have historically contributed to the suppression of arthropod pests in many agroecosystems. The successful implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) programs hinges on the incorporation of insecticides that are compatible with the biological attributes of natural enemies of pests. A potentially promising pathway is improving biological control by natural enemies through the timely application of selective insecticides. In our study, adult predators were exposed to commercially available insecticides (cyantraniliprole and pyriproxyfen) using a combined laboratory and field approach to assess their effects on survivorship and predation. We isolated 2 predators, Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville and Geocoris punctipes (Say), in the laboratory to estimate the survivorship and consumption of whitefly nymphs, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). In the field, we deployed whitefly nymph-infested potted cotton plants in replicated cotton plots with both insecticide treatments. We enumerated whitefly nymph populations on enclosed (predator-exclusion) and open (predator-accessible) potted plants. While pyriproxyfen had a negligible effect on the predators, cyantraniliprole exposure directly affected H. convergence by reducing survivorship duration and indirectly influenced both predators by reducing prey consumption and altering the consumption of alternative prey. In field conditions, regardless of pesticide exposure, whitefly-infested potted plants that excluded predators had more whiteflies than predator-accessible potted plants. Overall, pyriproxyfen demonstrated minimal impact on the predators in the laboratory or field, while cyantraniliprole adversely influenced mortality and indirect foraging under controlled laboratory conditions but did not have a significant impact in the field.

在许多农业生态系统中,综合节肢动物捕食者历来为抑制节肢动物害虫做出了贡献。害虫综合治理(IPM)计划的成功实施取决于杀虫剂是否与害虫天敌的生物属性相容。通过及时施用选择性杀虫剂来提高天敌的生物防治能力,是一条具有潜在前景的途径。在我们的研究中,采用实验室和田间相结合的方法,将成虫天敌暴露于市售杀虫剂(氰虫腈和吡虫啉)中,以评估其对存活率和捕食的影响。我们在实验室中分离出了两种捕食者,Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville 和 Geocoris punctipes (Say),以评估它们的存活率和对粉虱若虫 Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) 的消耗量。在田间,我们将受粉虱若虫侵害的盆栽棉花置于两种杀虫剂处理的重复棉田中。我们对封闭(天敌排斥)和开放(天敌接触)盆栽植物上的粉虱若虫数量进行了统计。吡虫啉对捕食者的影响可以忽略不计,而氰虫酰胺则通过缩短存活时间直接影响了H. convergence,并通过减少猎物消耗量和改变替代猎物消耗量间接影响了两种捕食者。在田间条件下,无论暴露于何种农药,被粉虱侵染的盆栽植物中排除捕食者的粉虱数量要多于可捕食者的盆栽植物。总体而言,吡丙醚在实验室或田间对捕食者的影响微乎其微,而氰虫腈在受控实验室条件下对死亡率和间接觅食有不利影响,但在田间影响不大。
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引用次数: 0
Cellulose degradation in Glenea cantor (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): functional characterization of GcEGaseZ7 and Cellulase reveals a novel enzymatic activity. Glenea cantor (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) 的纤维素降解:GcEGaseZ7 和纤维素酶的功能特性揭示了一种新型酶活性。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae101
Ran-Ran Su, Tai-Hui Lan, Bi-Qiong Pan, Xia-Lin Zheng, Wen Lu, Xiao-Yun Wang

Glenea cantor (Fabricius) is an important forest pest that mainly attacks kapok trees, breaking down cellulose and lignin through 3 enzyme activities: endoglucanase, filter paper enzyme, and cellobiase. In this study, we unveiled the cloning and expression of 10 endoglucanase genes, GcEGase5A1, GcEGase5A2, GcEGaseZ2, GcEGaseZ3, GcEGaseZ4, GcEGaseZ5, GcEGaseZ7, GcEGaseZ8, GcEGaseZ9, and Cellulase, all of which exhibit enzymatic activities in G. cantor. These findings indicated that Cellulase shares sequence homology with beetle GHF45, whereas the other 9 endoglucanase genes are homologous to beetle GHF5. GcEGaseZ4 presented the highest expression in the foregut. In contrast, GcEGase5A2 and Cellulase presented peak expression in the midgut. Furthermore, GcEGaseZ7 was identified as the most highly expressed endoglucanase in the hindgut. Functional assays confirmed the ability of GcEGaseZ7 and Cellulase to degrade cellulose, and their cellulase activities were 75.57 ± 1.21 U/mg and 344.79 ± 6.91 U/mg, respectively. These results enhance our understanding of the complex cellulase system in insects and provide insights into the efficient digestion of cellulosic materials by wood-consuming insects. This research also has potential applications in bioenergy production and the development of biomaterials from lignocellulosic biomass.

木棉虫(Glenea cantor)是一种重要的森林害虫,主要侵害木棉树,通过内切葡聚糖酶、滤纸酶和纤维生物酶三种酶的活性分解纤维素和木质素。本研究揭示了10个内切葡聚糖酶基因的克隆和表达,包括GcEGase5A1、GcEGase5A2、GcEGaseZ2、GcEGaseZ3、GcEGaseZ4、GcEGaseZ5、GcEGaseZ7、GcEGaseZ8、GcEGaseZ9和纤维素酶,这些基因在坎特蝇中都具有酶活性。这些发现表明,纤维素酶与甲虫 GHF45 具有序列同源性,而其他 9 个内切葡聚糖酶基因与甲虫 GHF5 具有同源性。GcEGaseZ4 在前肠的表达量最高。相比之下,GcEGase5A2 和纤维素酶在中肠的表达量最高。此外,GcEGaseZ7 被确定为后肠中表达量最高的内切葡聚糖酶。功能测试证实了 GcEGaseZ7 和纤维素酶降解纤维素的能力,它们的纤维素酶活性分别为 75.57 ± 1.21 U/mg 和 344.79 ± 6.91 U/mg 。这些结果加深了我们对昆虫复杂纤维素酶系统的了解,并为木材消耗昆虫高效消化纤维素材料提供了启示。这项研究还可能应用于生物能源生产和木质纤维素生物质生物材料的开发。
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引用次数: 0
Maternal body size affects sex allocation in a gregarious parasitoid. 母体体型影响群居寄生蜂的性别分配。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae115
Zane G Holditch, Claudia DiMartini, Karas Turcotte, Stephen M Shuster

In parasitoid wasps, body size is a key predictor of reproductive success, as size is often correlated with increased gamete production. In Hymenoptera, due to haplodiploid sex determination, sperm are required to produce daughters but not sons, so sex allocation relies on a female's ability to obtain and manage a finite supply of sperm. Body size may, therefore, affect sex allocation if smaller males provide fewer sperm, or if larger, more fertile females deplete their sperm supplies by fertilizing more eggs. We examined the importance of male and female body size on offspring production and sex allocation in the parasitoid, Nasonia vitripennis (Walker). We predicted larger females would experience constrained sex allocation due to limited sperm, especially if mated with smaller males. We categorized 80 males and 80 females by size (large or small) into 4 mating groups: large females with large or small males, and small females with large or small males. We analyzed brood size and offspring sex ratios after each female oviposited on 12 pupae of Sarcophaga bullata (Parker). Overall, larger females produced more offspring and a greater proportion of males. Sex ratios became more male-biased with increased offspring production, indicating that sperm depletion had affected sex allocation in larger females. In contrast, male size did not affect sex allocation, but exhibited a small positive effect on females' offspring production. Our study highlights a complex relationship between body size, fecundity, and sex allocation, enhancing our understanding of reproductive strategies in haplodiploid organisms.

在拟寄生蜂中,体型是繁殖成功的关键预测指标,因为体型通常与配子产量的增加有关。在膜翅目昆虫中,由于单倍体性别决定,精子需要产生女儿而不是儿子,因此性别分配依赖于雌性获得和管理有限精子供应的能力。因此,体型可能会影响性别分配,如果体型较小的雄性提供较少的精子,或者体型较大、生育能力较强的雌性通过使更多的卵子受精而耗尽其精子供应。我们研究了雄性和雌性体型在寄生蜂蜂蜂(Nasonia vitripennis (Walker))的后代生产和性别分配中的重要性。我们预测,由于精子有限,体型较大的雌性会受到性别分配的限制,尤其是与体型较小的雄性交配时。我们将80只雄性和80只雌性按体型(大小)分为4个交配组:大型雌性与大型或小型雄性交配,小型雌性与大型或小型雄性交配。我们分析了每只雌性在12只白斑石棺(Sarcophaga bullata, Parker)的蛹上产卵后的产卵量和后代的性别比。总体而言,体型较大的雌性能生出更多的后代,雄性的比例也更高。随着后代数量的增加,性别比例变得更加偏向雄性,这表明精子消耗影响了体型较大的雌性的性别分配。相比之下,雄性体型对性别分配没有影响,但对雌性后代的产量有较小的正向影响。我们的研究强调了体型、繁殖力和性别分配之间的复杂关系,增强了我们对单倍体生物生殖策略的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Cephalic ganglia transcriptomics of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana (Blattodea: Blattidae). 美洲大蠊头神经节转录组学研究。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae113
Ilana Levy, Ryan Arvidson

The American cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.) (Blattodea, Blattidae) has been a model organism for biochemical and physiological study for almost a century, however, its use does not benefit from the genetic tools found in key model species such as Drosophila melanogaster. To facilitate the use of the cockroach as a model system in neuroscience and to serve as a foundation for functional and translational experimentation, a transcriptome of the cephalic ganglia was assembled and annotated, and differential expression profiles between these ganglia were assessed. The transcriptome assembly yielded >400 k transcripts, with >40 k putative coding sequences. Gene ontology and protein domain searches indicate the cerebral and gnathal ganglia (GNG) have distinct genetic expression profiles. The developmental Toll signaling pathway appears to be active in the adult central nervous system (CNS), which may suggest a separate role for this pathway besides innate immune activation or embryonic development. The catabolic glycolytic and citric acid cycle enzymes are well represented in both ganglia, but key enzymes are more highly expressed in the GNG. Both ganglia express gluconeogenic and trehaloneogenic enzymes, suggesting a larger role of the CNS in regulating hemolymph sugar homeostasis than previously appreciated. The annotation and quantification of the cephalic ganglia transcriptome reveal both canonical and novel pathways in signaling and metabolism in an adult insect and lay a foundation for future functional and genetic analysis.

近一个世纪以来,美洲大蠊(大蠊科,小蠊科)一直是生物化学和生理研究的模式生物,然而,它的使用并没有受益于在黑腹果蝇等关键模式物种中发现的遗传工具。为了方便将蟑螂作为神经科学的模型系统,并作为功能和翻译实验的基础,我们组装和注释了头神经节的转录组,并评估了这些神经节之间的差异表达谱。转录组组装产生bb10 400k个转录本,其中bb10 40k个推定编码序列。基因本体和蛋白质结构域的研究表明,脑神经节和颌神经节具有不同的基因表达谱。发育性Toll信号通路在成人中枢神经系统(CNS)中似乎是活跃的,这可能表明除了先天免疫激活或胚胎发育外,该通路还具有单独的作用。分解代谢糖酵解酶和柠檬酸循环酶在两个神经节中都有很好的表达,但关键酶在GNG中表达更高。两个神经节都表达糖异生酶和海藻生酶,这表明中枢神经系统在调节血淋巴糖稳态方面的作用比以前所认识的要大。头神经节转录组的注释和量化揭示了成虫信号和代谢的典型和新的途径,为未来的功能和遗传分析奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Population records reveal expanded habitat preference for the endemic, predaceous Jamaican fungus gnat Neoditomyia farri (Diptera, Keroplatidae). 种群记录显示,牙买加特有的掠食性真菌蚋 Neoditomyia farri(双翅目,Keroplatidae)对栖息地的偏好有所扩大。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae105
Ronald S Stewart, Silvia Kouwenberg, Johannes Pauel, Sarah Stellwagen

The predaceous fly Neoditomyia farri Coher is currently regarded as having an unknown population distribution in Jamaica. The larvae are known for their production of sticky "fishing lines" that are covered in adhesive droplets for prey capture and hang down from cave walls and ceilings. Published research beyond early observational records of the species is limited to one site-Dromilly Cave in the parish of Trelawny. The Jamaican Caves Organisation has observed larvae of the species at 26 caves visited over the last 2 decades and compiled a database with details of approximate numbers, internal and external environmental conditions, and accurate positions. Based on these records, we present evidence that the species is not cave obligate and describe factors that may suggest potential additional sites where the species can be found. Taken together, our observations paint a picture of a species which is ubiquitous and not under discernible threat, making it an excellent candidate for further research on its unique life history and behavior, which remain poorly understood.

食肉蝇 Neoditomyia farri Coher 目前在牙买加的分布情况不明。其幼虫因产生粘性 "钓线 "而闻名,钓线上覆盖着粘性液滴,用于捕捉猎物,并悬挂在洞壁和天花板上。除了早期的观察记录外,对该物种的公开研究仅限于一个地点--特里劳尼教区的德罗米利洞穴。牙买加洞穴组织在过去 20 年中考察了 26 个洞穴,观察到了该物种的幼虫,并编制了一个数据库,其中详细记录了幼虫的大致数量、内部和外部环境条件以及准确位置。根据这些记录,我们提出了该物种并非必须生活在洞穴中的证据,并描述了可能会发现该物种的其他潜在地点的因素。总之,我们的观察结果描绘了一个无处不在且未受到明显威胁的物种,使其成为进一步研究其独特生活史和行为的绝佳候选物种。
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引用次数: 0
Low-density migratory beekeeping induces intermediate disturbance effects on native bee communities in Tibetan Plateau alpine meadows. 低密度迁徙式养蜂对青藏高原高山草甸上的本地蜜蜂群落产生了中间干扰效应。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae108
Anthony D Vaudo, Michael C Orr, Qing-Song Zhou, Chao-Dong Zhu, Junpeng Mu, Margarita M López-Uribe

Ecological disturbance can promote or reduce community biodiversity depending on its severity. Beekeeping activities represent a type of ecological disturbance when large numbers of honey bees are introduced to a landscape and interact with the local plant and pollinator community. In this study, we characterized the effect of immediate and long-term low-density migratory beekeeping on the diversity and abundance of native bees in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (China). We found that the presence of apiaries and the number of honey bees reduced native bee abundances in the local bee community, likely through displacement from floral resources. However, in locations where apiaries were previously kept for decades but are not currently present, native bee abundances recovered, and phylogenetic diversity increased; yet community relative abundances and dominant species were distinct from those that had never been stocked. Our results suggest that the presence of a transient, intermediate number of migratory honey bee colonies (60-100 colonies spaced ≥15 km from each other) may represent an intermediate ecological disturbance and not permanently reduce native bee abundances past a critical threshold that may lead to local extirpation. Yet, our study demonstrates the potential for even intermediate-scale low-density beekeeping to alter native bee communities in the long-term.

生态干扰可促进或减少群落生物多样性,具体取决于其严重程度。当大量蜜蜂被引入景观并与当地植物和授粉者群落相互作用时,养蜂活动就是一种生态干扰。在这项研究中,我们描述了短期和长期低密度迁徙养蜂对青藏高原(中国)本地蜜蜂多样性和丰度的影响。我们发现,养蜂场的存在和蜜蜂的数量降低了当地蜜蜂群落中本地蜜蜂的丰度,这可能是由于花卉资源的迁移造成的。然而,在以前曾有养蜂场但现在没有养蜂场的地方,本地蜜蜂的数量有所恢复,系统发育多样性也有所增加;但群落的相对丰度和优势物种与从未有养蜂场的地方有所不同。我们的研究结果表明,瞬时的、中等数量的迁徙蜜蜂群(60-100群,每群相距≥15千米)的存在可能是一种中等程度的生态干扰,不会永久性地降低本地蜜蜂的丰度,使其超过可能导致本地蜜蜂灭绝的临界阈值。然而,我们的研究表明,即使是中等规模的低密度养蜂也有可能长期改变本地蜜蜂群落。
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引用次数: 0
Bee cups 2.0: P-cups as single-use cages for honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) experiments. 蜂杯 2.0:作为蜜蜂(膜翅目:鳞翅目)实验一次性使用笼子的 P 形杯。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae107
Jay D Evans, Zachary Lamas, Lindsey M Markowitz, Evan C Palmer-Young, Eugene V Ryabov, Dawn Boncristiani, Yan Ping Chen

Honey bees and other pollinators face threats from pesticides, imperfect nutrition, and a diverse set of parasites and pathogens. Honey bees are also a research model for development, social behavior, microbiology, and aging. Tackling these questions requires a mix of in-hive and controlled laboratory experiments. We have perfected small-scale, inexpensive, disposable, and rearing arenas for honey bees that have proved useful for hundreds of bioassays with thousands of bees. We describe those arenas here, show their advantages over current hoarding cages, and provide videos demonstrating their many uses.

蜜蜂和其他授粉者面临着杀虫剂、不完善的营养以及多种寄生虫和病原体的威胁。蜜蜂还是发育、社会行为、微生物学和衰老的研究模型。要解决这些问题,需要将蜂巢内实验和实验室对照实验结合起来。我们已经完善了小型、廉价、一次性的蜜蜂饲养场,这些饲养场已被证明可用于数以千计蜜蜂的数百项生物实验。我们在此介绍这些饲养场,展示它们与现有囤积笼相比的优势,并提供视频演示它们的多种用途。
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引用次数: 0
Nonlinear transcriptomic responses to compounded environmental changes across temperature and resources in a pest beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). 不同温度和资源复合环境变化对斑斑小金甲非线性转录组反应的影响
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae106
Beth A McCaw, Aoife M Leonard, Lesley T Lancaster

Many species are experiencing drastic and multidimensional changes to their environment due to anthropogenic events. These multidimensional changes may act nonadditively on physiological and life history responses, and thus may not be predicted by responses to single dimensional environmental changes. Therefore, work is needed to understand species' responses to multiple aspects of change. We used whole-transcriptomic RNA-Sequencing and life history assays to uncover responses to singly-applied shifts in resource or temperature environmental dimensions, in comparison to combined, multidimensional change, in the crop pest seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. We found that multidimensional change caused larger fecundity, developmental period and offspring viability life history changes than predicted by additive effects of 1-dimensional changes. In addition, there was little overlap between genes differentially expressed under multidimensional treatment versus under altered resource or temperature conditions alone. Moreover, 115 genes exhibited significant resource × temperature interaction effects on expression, including those involved in energy metabolism, detoxification, and enhanced formation of cuticle structural components. We conclude that single dimensional changes alone cannot determine life history and transcriptomic responses to multidimensional environmental change. These results highlight the importance of studying multidimensional environmental change for understanding the molecular and phenotypic responses that may allow organisms including insects to rapidly adapt simultaneously to multiple aspects of environmental change.

由于人类活动,许多物种的生存环境正在经历多维度的剧烈变化。这些多维变化可能会对生理和生活史反应产生非加成作用,因此可能无法通过对单一维度环境变化的反应来预测。因此,需要努力了解物种对多方面变化的反应。我们利用全转录组 RNA 测序和生活史测定法,发现了农作物害虫籽甲对资源或温度环境单一变化的反应,并与综合、多维变化进行了比较。我们发现,多维变化引起的繁殖力、发育期和后代存活率等生活史变化要大于单维变化的叠加效应所预测的变化。此外,在多维处理与单独改变资源或温度条件下差异表达的基因之间几乎没有重叠。此外,115 个基因的表达表现出明显的资源×温度交互效应,包括那些参与能量代谢、解毒和增强角质层结构成分形成的基因。我们的结论是,仅凭单一维度的变化并不能确定生命史和转录组对多维环境变化的反应。这些结果凸显了研究多维环境变化对了解分子和表型反应的重要性,这些反应可能使包括昆虫在内的生物体同时快速适应多方面的环境变化。
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引用次数: 0
A window on remarkable cryptic diversity of the Merodon planifacies subgroup (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the Afrotropical Region. 非洲热带地区的 Merodon planifacies 亚群(双翅目:蚜科)显隐多样性之窗。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae091
Ante Vujić, Mihajla Djan, Snežana Radenković, Laura Likov, Jelena Ačanski, Dušanka Vujanović, Nevena Veličković, Celeste Pérez-Bañón, Santos Rojo, Andrea Aracil, Kurt Jordaens, Gunilla Ståhls

The genus Merodon Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) is one of the most species-rich hoverfly genera distributed across the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions. In the Palaearctic, the genus Merodon boasts 195 described species, while its Afrotropical region pales in comparison, with a mere 17 species documented thus far. As a result of 8 years of fieldwork conducted in the Republic of South Africa, in this paper, we present the description of 11 new species for science with a description of immature stages for 2 species, which increases the diversity of this genus in the Afrotropical region by remarkable 39%. These revelations are based on integrating morphology, molecular analysis (COI gene and 28S rRNA) and geometric morphometry. All described species belong to the Merodon planifacies subgroup, the Merodon desuturinus lineage and, within that, to the Afrotropical Merodon melanocerus group. Additionally, we provide an illustrated key to 15 species belonging to the subgroup, a detailed discussion on relevant taxonomic characters, a morphological diagnosis, a distribution map and clarification of the association between M. capi complex and host plants from the genus Merwilla.

食蚜蝇属(Merodon Meigen)(双翅目:食蚜蝇科)是物种最丰富的食蚜蝇属之一,分布在古北区和非热带区。在古北区,食蚜蝇属拥有 195 个已描述的物种,而其非洲热带地区则相形见绌,迄今为止仅有 17 个物种记录在案。经过 8 年在南非共和国的实地考察,我们在本文中为科学界描述了 11 个新物种,并描述了 2 个物种的未成熟阶段,这使该属在非洲热带地区的多样性显著增加了 39%。这些发现是在综合形态学、分子分析(COI 基因和 28S rRNA)和几何形态计量学的基础上得出的。所有描述的物种都属于 Merodon planifacies 亚群、Merodon desuturinus 系,以及非洲热带 Merodon melanocerus 群。此外,我们还提供了属于该亚群的 15 个物种的图解关键字,详细讨论了相关的分类特征、形态诊断、分布图,并澄清了 M. capi 复合物与 Merwilla 属寄主植物之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Airborne metofluthrin, a pyrethroid repellent, does not impact foraging honey bees. 空气中的甲氟菊酯是一种拟除虫菊酯驱虫剂,对觅食的蜜蜂没有影响。
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae103
Margaret J Couvillon, John Hainze, Connor Bizon, Lindsay E Johnson, Ian F McKellips, Benjamin E McMillan, Bradley D Ohlinger, Robert B J Ostrom, Roger Schürch

Outdoor spatial mosquito repellents, such as mosquito coils or heating devices, release pyrethroid insecticides into the air to provide protection from mosquitoes within a defined area. This broadcast discharge of pyrethroids into the environment raises concern about the effect on non-target organisms. A previous study found that prallethrin discharged from a heating device did not affect honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) [Hymenoptera: Apidae] foraging or recruitment. In this second study, there was no significant difference in foraging frequency (our primary outcome), waggle dance propensity, or persistency in honey bees collecting sucrose solution between those exposed to metofluthrin from a different heating device and bees exposed to a non-metofluthrin control. One measure, waggle dance frequency, was higher in the metofluthrin treatment than the control but this outcome was likely a spurious result due to the small sample size. The small particle size of the emissions, averaging 4.43 µm, from the heated spatial repellent products, which remain airborne with little settling, may play an important role in the lack of effect found on honey bee foraging.

室外空间驱蚊器(如蚊香或加热装置)向空气中释放拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂,以防止蚊子在规定区域内飞舞。这种将拟除虫菊酯播散到环境中的做法引起了人们对非目标生物影响的关注。之前的一项研究发现,从加热装置中释放的炔丙菊酯不会影响蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L. [膜翅目:鳞翅目])的觅食或繁殖。在第二项研究中,暴露于不同加热装置的甲氟菊酯的蜜蜂与暴露于非甲氟菊酯对照组的蜜蜂在觅食频率(我们的主要结果)、摇摆舞倾向或采集蔗糖溶液的持久性方面没有显著差异。有一项指标,即摇摆舞频率,甲氟菊酯处理的蜜蜂高于对照组,但由于样本量较小,这一结果很可能是虚假的。加热后的空间驱避剂产品的排放物粒径较小,平均为 4.43 微米,在空气中几乎不会沉降,这可能是对蜜蜂觅食没有影响的重要原因。
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Journal of Insect Science
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