Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.9717/kmms.2023.26.10.1271
DongHyun Lim, Changhwa Kim
This paper proposes an Underwater Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network (U-DTN) that prevents intermediate nodes from accumulating and losing messages due to the speed gap between different communication media in transmitting and receiving messages, when they communicate more than one hop using communication media in an underwater multimedia communication network. U-DTN proposed in this paper stores messages in auxiliary memory when an intermediate node accumulates messages due to the speed gap in transmission between communication media, reaches the limit of the main memory, and predicts message loss. When the auxiliary memory is full, intermediate node also sends STOP message to its neighbor nodes, sort to pause there message transmission. and than it processes the already-received messages. In the case that it determines that there is no longer a message risk loss, it sends a RESTART message to its neighbors so that it can resume sending messages. In order to investigate the benefits of our flow control technique, we propose mathematical models of the message loss prevention rate and the saving data amount when U-DTN is applied. Moreover, we compare the memory-full time in U-DTN applied case with U-DTN not-applied case to see how much longer (i.e.,benefit time) U-DTN applied case can receive messages with auxiliary memory.
{"title":"Flow Control Technique using U-DTN in Underwater Multimedia Communication and Performance Evaluations","authors":"DongHyun Lim, Changhwa Kim","doi":"10.9717/kmms.2023.26.10.1271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2023.26.10.1271","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an Underwater Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network (U-DTN) that prevents intermediate nodes from accumulating and losing messages due to the speed gap between different communication media in transmitting and receiving messages, when they communicate more than one hop using communication media in an underwater multimedia communication network. U-DTN proposed in this paper stores messages in auxiliary memory when an intermediate node accumulates messages due to the speed gap in transmission between communication media, reaches the limit of the main memory, and predicts message loss. When the auxiliary memory is full, intermediate node also sends STOP message to its neighbor nodes, sort to pause there message transmission. and than it processes the already-received messages. In the case that it determines that there is no longer a message risk loss, it sends a RESTART message to its neighbors so that it can resume sending messages. In order to investigate the benefits of our flow control technique, we propose mathematical models of the message loss prevention rate and the saving data amount when U-DTN is applied. Moreover, we compare the memory-full time in U-DTN applied case with U-DTN not-applied case to see how much longer (i.e.,benefit time) U-DTN applied case can receive messages with auxiliary memory.","PeriodicalId":16316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korea Multimedia Society","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135978362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1127
Changhwa Kim, DongHyun Lim
In this paper, we propose a theory and method for random point distribution so that the generated 3-dimensional points are distributed with even density inside the regular octahedron without any point discarded. The approach for doing these is as follows; At first, the X- and Y-coordinates based functions for distributing random numbers with uniform density inside the regular octahedron are proposed in this paper. They make 3-dimensional points be distributed randomly within the regular octahedron in proportion to the area of its X-coordinate section and the length of Y-coordinate segment constituting that section. Secondly, the inverse functions are derived from those distribution functions and we present how to use them to generate random points with even density distribution. Finally, experimental results by those proposed distribution functions are compared with those by uniform distribution and normal distribution. As the results, it has been validated that our distribution functions randomly distribute 3-dimensional points into the inside of the regular octahedron with much more even density than these two distribution functions.
{"title":"An Approach for Randomly Distributing 3D Points with Even Density inside the Regular Octahedron","authors":"Changhwa Kim, DongHyun Lim","doi":"10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1127","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a theory and method for random point distribution so that the generated 3-dimensional points are distributed with even density inside the regular octahedron without any point discarded. The approach for doing these is as follows; At first, the X- and Y-coordinates based functions for distributing random numbers with uniform density inside the regular octahedron are proposed in this paper. They make 3-dimensional points be distributed randomly within the regular octahedron in proportion to the area of its X-coordinate section and the length of Y-coordinate segment constituting that section. Secondly, the inverse functions are derived from those distribution functions and we present how to use them to generate random points with even density distribution. Finally, experimental results by those proposed distribution functions are compared with those by uniform distribution and normal distribution. As the results, it has been validated that our distribution functions randomly distribute 3-dimensional points into the inside of the regular octahedron with much more even density than these two distribution functions.","PeriodicalId":16316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korea Multimedia Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135040568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1182
Yoon-Kyeong Kim, Sun-Hong Park
The purpose of this study is to develop an evaluation index for the usability of infotainment services in autonomous driving shuttles. For this study, eight infotainment service usability evaluation factors such as efficiency, intuition, convenience, and satisfaction were derived based on usability studies such as existing self-driving shuttles, apps, and services, and six app usability evaluation indicators and four shuttle satisfaction evaluation indicators were derived. Through this study, evaluation indicators that can be used to evaluate the usability of autonomous shuttle infotainment services were developed, and in the future, subjects will board the actual shuttle to conduct a usability evaluation survey and analyze the results.
{"title":"Development of Self-Driving Shuttle Infotainment Service Usability Assessment Index","authors":"Yoon-Kyeong Kim, Sun-Hong Park","doi":"10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1182","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to develop an evaluation index for the usability of infotainment services in autonomous driving shuttles. For this study, eight infotainment service usability evaluation factors such as efficiency, intuition, convenience, and satisfaction were derived based on usability studies such as existing self-driving shuttles, apps, and services, and six app usability evaluation indicators and four shuttle satisfaction evaluation indicators were derived. Through this study, evaluation indicators that can be used to evaluate the usability of autonomous shuttle infotainment services were developed, and in the future, subjects will board the actual shuttle to conduct a usability evaluation survey and analyze the results.","PeriodicalId":16316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korea Multimedia Society","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135040822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1219
Xingtan Chen, Young-Hwan Pan
Artificial intelligence has been studied for 70 years since the 1950s. In recent years, artificial intelligence technology has been widely used in various fields of society and has made great contributions to the country
{"title":"Analyze the Hot Spots, Development Process and Development Context of AI Research With the WoS Database of the American Institute of Scientific Information","authors":"Xingtan Chen, Young-Hwan Pan","doi":"10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1219","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence has been studied for 70 years since the 1950s. In recent years, artificial intelligence technology has been widely used in various fields of society and has made great contributions to the country","PeriodicalId":16316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korea Multimedia Society","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135040973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1097
Minhye Kang, Kyung-Joo Cheoi, Jaepil Ko
Presence verification confirming the presence of a specific part in a designated location is a widely used vision-based inspection technique. However, conventional vision inspection systems are often equipped with expensive industrial cameras, which limits their wider use. This paper introduces a cost-effective presence verification system using low-cost UVC (USB Video Class) cameras. To tackle the inherent challenges arising from such cameras, we selected smartphone frames as a case study. We present a customized jig and data collection strategies to deal with the low-resolution and limited dynamic range issues inherent in low-cost cameras. Additionally, we perceive smartphone part inspection as a pseudo anomaly detection problem since acquiring non-attached parts samples or physically separating parts from already attached samples might not be feasible. In addition, considering the practical challenge of obtaining sufficient real-world samples and the ease of scaling for various parts and locations, we propose using conventional feature extraction and classification models. In our experiment, the proposed method achieved average performance of 99.96%, indicating its potential suitability for realworld industrial applications.
{"title":"Simultaneous Multi-Position and Multi-Part Vision Inspection with Low-Cost UVC Cameras","authors":"Minhye Kang, Kyung-Joo Cheoi, Jaepil Ko","doi":"10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1097","url":null,"abstract":"Presence verification confirming the presence of a specific part in a designated location is a widely used vision-based inspection technique. However, conventional vision inspection systems are often equipped with expensive industrial cameras, which limits their wider use. This paper introduces a cost-effective presence verification system using low-cost UVC (USB Video Class) cameras. To tackle the inherent challenges arising from such cameras, we selected smartphone frames as a case study. We present a customized jig and data collection strategies to deal with the low-resolution and limited dynamic range issues inherent in low-cost cameras. Additionally, we perceive smartphone part inspection as a pseudo anomaly detection problem since acquiring non-attached parts samples or physically separating parts from already attached samples might not be feasible. In addition, considering the practical challenge of obtaining sufficient real-world samples and the ease of scaling for various parts and locations, we propose using conventional feature extraction and classification models. In our experiment, the proposed method achieved average performance of 99.96%, indicating its potential suitability for realworld industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":16316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korea Multimedia Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135040817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1171
Xi Yang, Dong-min Cho
Video review is an important pathway of interaction for viewing users. Danmaku are increasingly used by users as a new means of interaction. It intended to explore the influencing factors of danmaku review behaviors used by users in the educational video, extract user needs by the social factors and the individual factors, and explore the influence of user needs on the danmaku review behaviors in this study. Not only the research on user behavior can be enriched, but also the developers could be inspired to promote the design of video platform review functions and improve user experience in this study. Therefore, based on the Uses and Gratifications Theory in the article, an initial model of the influencing factors of user danmaku review behavior was constructed by taking the users of Bilibili danmaku screen video website as the research object. Moreover, the questionnaire data were analyzed by SPSS to verify the validity of the research hypothesis and model. Results of study: Combined with the empirical analysis, it was found that cognitive needs, emotional needs, individual integration needs, and stress release needs have a significantly positive impact on the danmaku review behavior of the users.
{"title":"The Influence Factors of User Review Behavior in DANMAKU based on the Uses & Gratifications Theory","authors":"Xi Yang, Dong-min Cho","doi":"10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1171","url":null,"abstract":"Video review is an important pathway of interaction for viewing users. Danmaku are increasingly used by users as a new means of interaction. It intended to explore the influencing factors of danmaku review behaviors used by users in the educational video, extract user needs by the social factors and the individual factors, and explore the influence of user needs on the danmaku review behaviors in this study. Not only the research on user behavior can be enriched, but also the developers could be inspired to promote the design of video platform review functions and improve user experience in this study. Therefore, based on the Uses and Gratifications Theory in the article, an initial model of the influencing factors of user danmaku review behavior was constructed by taking the users of Bilibili danmaku screen video website as the research object. Moreover, the questionnaire data were analyzed by SPSS to verify the validity of the research hypothesis and model. Results of study: Combined with the empirical analysis, it was found that cognitive needs, emotional needs, individual integration needs, and stress release needs have a significantly positive impact on the danmaku review behavior of the users.","PeriodicalId":16316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korea Multimedia Society","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135040820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1197
Sungwook Yoon
This study presents a comprehensive workflow tailored for acquiring and conserving cultural heritage assets through advanced 3D digital techniques. The workflow encompasses distinct stages including data collection, processing, 3D modeling, visualization, and data management. This process entails the comprehensive capture of material elements, module components, and various constituents to create a holistic digital replica, accomplished through methods such as drone imagery and sensor-equipped smart devices. The workflow effectively addresses intricate challenges such as image alignment, point cloud generation, UV mapping, mesh formation, and color enhancement to elevate the visual authenticity of the models produced.
{"title":"Research on Economical Cultural Property Archiving using Photogrammetry and 3D modeling","authors":"Sungwook Yoon","doi":"10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1197","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a comprehensive workflow tailored for acquiring and conserving cultural heritage assets through advanced 3D digital techniques. The workflow encompasses distinct stages including data collection, processing, 3D modeling, visualization, and data management. This process entails the comprehensive capture of material elements, module components, and various constituents to create a holistic digital replica, accomplished through methods such as drone imagery and sensor-equipped smart devices. The workflow effectively addresses intricate challenges such as image alignment, point cloud generation, UV mapping, mesh formation, and color enhancement to elevate the visual authenticity of the models produced.","PeriodicalId":16316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korea Multimedia Society","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135041125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1105
Min-Ki Kim
Accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and various sensors have become widespread in smartphones. In accordance with this trend, many studies are actively conducting research on detecting and recognizing human activities using data acquired from smartphone sensors without separate attachments. Human activity recognition technology is gaining attention not only in specific fields such as security facilities and hospitals but also in everyday life and entertainment. In previous studies, researchers manually extracted effective features for activity recognition from raw signals acquired by sensors or utilized artificial neural networks to automatically extract features. However, no method showed significantly superior recognition performance compared to others. In this study, a hybrid CNN model that uses both handcrafted features and automatically extracted features using CNN is proposed. Experimental results on the UCI-HAR dataset representing six types of activities showed an impressive accuracy of 97.33%. It shows that the proposed approach is effective in recognizing human activity.
{"title":"Human Activity Recognition Using Smartphone Sensor Data Based on Hybrid Model","authors":"Min-Ki Kim","doi":"10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1105","url":null,"abstract":"Accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, and various sensors have become widespread in smartphones. In accordance with this trend, many studies are actively conducting research on detecting and recognizing human activities using data acquired from smartphone sensors without separate attachments. Human activity recognition technology is gaining attention not only in specific fields such as security facilities and hospitals but also in everyday life and entertainment. In previous studies, researchers manually extracted effective features for activity recognition from raw signals acquired by sensors or utilized artificial neural networks to automatically extract features. However, no method showed significantly superior recognition performance compared to others. In this study, a hybrid CNN model that uses both handcrafted features and automatically extracted features using CNN is proposed. Experimental results on the UCI-HAR dataset representing six types of activities showed an impressive accuracy of 97.33%. It shows that the proposed approach is effective in recognizing human activity.","PeriodicalId":16316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korea Multimedia Society","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135041140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1204
Mi-young Jung
This study is to verify the effect of the instructor"s image and non-verbal communication on learners" class satisfaction and class immersion during non-face-to-face classes after COVID-19. As a result first, the impact on learners" class satisfaction according to the instructor"s image and non-verbal communication use in non-face-to-face classes had the greatest impact on the instructor"s professional image, social image, similar language, facial expression, and external image, and second, social images had the greatest impact on learners" class immersion due to the use of instructor"s images and non-verbal communication, followed by professional images, facial expressions, appearances, similar languages, and external images. Third, class satisfaction has a large influence on class immersion(β=.760), and fourth, as a result of verifying the mediating effect of class satisfaction, it was found that class satisfaction plays a mediating role in influencing the instructor"s image and non-verbal communication on class immersion. In the end, this study will need to prepare empirical measures for non-face-to-face lectures that meet the needs of learners in order to draw efficient learning methods between instructors and learners in non-face-to-face classes such as the post-COVID-19 era.
{"title":"In the untact Era, the Effect of Instructor’s Image and Use of Non-Verbal Communication on Learner\"s Class Satisfaction and Class Immersion","authors":"Mi-young Jung","doi":"10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1204","url":null,"abstract":"This study is to verify the effect of the instructor\"s image and non-verbal communication on learners\" class satisfaction and class immersion during non-face-to-face classes after COVID-19. As a result first, the impact on learners\" class satisfaction according to the instructor\"s image and non-verbal communication use in non-face-to-face classes had the greatest impact on the instructor\"s professional image, social image, similar language, facial expression, and external image, and second, social images had the greatest impact on learners\" class immersion due to the use of instructor\"s images and non-verbal communication, followed by professional images, facial expressions, appearances, similar languages, and external images. Third, class satisfaction has a large influence on class immersion(β=.760), and fourth, as a result of verifying the mediating effect of class satisfaction, it was found that class satisfaction plays a mediating role in influencing the instructor\"s image and non-verbal communication on class immersion. In the end, this study will need to prepare empirical measures for non-face-to-face lectures that meet the needs of learners in order to draw efficient learning methods between instructors and learners in non-face-to-face classes such as the post-COVID-19 era.","PeriodicalId":16316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korea Multimedia Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135040366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1158
Xinyan Huang, Donghyuk Choi
{"title":"Research on Nonverbal Symbols of ‘Mulan(2020)’ from the Perspective of Cross-cultural Communication —Centered on Cultural Differences","authors":"Xinyan Huang, Donghyuk Choi","doi":"10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2023.26.9.1158","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korea Multimedia Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135040402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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