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The role of eicosanoids and endothelium-dependent factors in regulation of the fetal pulmonary circulation. 类二十烷酸和内皮依赖因子在调节胎儿肺循环中的作用。
Pub Date : 1993-03-01
S Cassin

A complex interaction of mechanical, hormonal, vasoactive, morphological and gaseous factors is responsible for the transitional period and maintenance of these changes in the newborn period. Vasoactive eicosanoids, formed at multiple sites in the lungs exert multiple effects on the perinatal pulmonary circulation. By direct, as well as indirect interaction with other systems, eicosanoids appear to have a role in the rearrangement of the circulation at birth. At this time PGE1, acetylcholine, bradykinin, and endothelin appears to work, at least in part, to cause fetal pulmonary vasodilation via the release of EDRF. Products of the lipoxygenase pathway are powerful vasoconstrictors, but may not be important in regulation of high fetal pulmonary vascular tone or the pulmonary pressor response to hypoxia.

机械、激素、血管活性、形态和气体因素的复杂相互作用负责新生儿期的过渡期和这些变化的维持。在肺部多个部位形成的血管活性类二十烷对围产期肺循环有多种影响。通过与其他系统的直接和间接的相互作用,类二十烷酸似乎在出生时循环的重排中起作用。此时,PGE1、乙酰胆碱、缓激肽和内皮素似乎至少在一定程度上通过释放EDRF引起胎儿肺血管舒张。脂氧合酶途径的产物是强大的血管收缩剂,但可能在调节胎儿高肺血管张力或肺加压对缺氧的反应中并不重要。
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引用次数: 0
A-78773: a selective, potent 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. a -78773:选择性,有效的5-脂氧合酶抑制剂。
Pub Date : 1993-03-01
R L Bell, D W Brooks, P R Young, C Lanni, A O Stewart, J Bouska, P E Malo, G W Carter

The potency and selectivity of A-78773, a newly discovered 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, were examined. The compound was significantly more potent than zileuton in inhibiting leukotriene formation in cell free lysates and in isolated human neutrophils. A-78773 inhibited a RBL cell lysate 5-lipoxygenase at concentrations 2 orders of magnitude lower than those required to inhibit rabbit reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase or human platelet 12-lipoxygenase. The compound was also a potent, long lasting, orally active inhibitor of leukotriene formation ex vivo in dogs and in vivo in the rat. In experiments where leukotriene formation was completely inhibited, no increase in eicosanoids from other pathways was observed. A-78773 should prove to be a valuable clinical tool in treating leukotriene mediated diseases.

研究了新发现的5-脂氧合酶抑制剂a -78773的效价和选择性。该化合物在抑制游离细胞裂解物和分离的人中性粒细胞中白三烯的形成方面明显比zileuton更有效。a -78773抑制RBL细胞裂解物5-脂氧合酶的浓度比抑制兔网织细胞15-脂氧合酶或人血小板12-脂氧合酶所需的浓度低2个数量级。该化合物也是一种有效的、持久的、口服活性的白三烯在狗体内和在大鼠体内形成的抑制剂。在白三烯形成被完全抑制的实验中,没有观察到其他途径的类二十烷醇的增加。a -78773应被证明是治疗白三烯介导性疾病的有价值的临床工具。
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引用次数: 0
Prostaglandins and Related Compounds -- Update 1992. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference. Montreal, 26-31 July 1992. 前列腺素和相关化合物——1992年更新。第八届国际会议论文集。蒙特利尔,1992年7月26日至31日。
Pub Date : 1993-03-01
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引用次数: 0
The role of prostanoids in neonatal cerebral blood flow autoregulation. 前列腺素在新生儿脑血流自动调节中的作用。
Pub Date : 1993-03-01
J V Aranda, K Beharry, B Sasyniuk, S Chemtob

The regulatory role of prostanoids in acute cerebrovascular adaptations in newborns was determined using awake neonatal piglets (ages 0-5 days, n = 60). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by radiolabelled microspheres before and 45 s after intracarotid injections of PGE1 (0.1-10 micrograms/kg, n = 6), PGE2 (0.01-2 micrograms/kg, n = 6), PGF2 alpha (0.01 microgram/kg, n = 8) and PGI2 (0.1 microgram/kg, n = 6). CBF increased with PGE1 (10 micrograms/kg) by 39.5% and with all doses of PGE2 (p < 0.01) compared to zero dose. PGF2 alpha, a known adult vasoconstrictor increased total CBF from 97 +/- 8 to 130 +/- 14 ml/min per kg. PGI2 also increased CBF by 27% (p < 0.01). When CBF and prostanoid levels were measured with balloon catheters placed at the aortic root and the descending aorta and were inflated to adjust arterial blood pressure (BP) from 17 to 117 mmHg, sagittal sinus concentrations of prostanoids inversely correlated with total CBF (for PGs, tau = -0.52 to -0.66, p < 0.001; for TXB2, tau = -0.91 to 0.99, p < 0.0001). During hypotension (MABP < 50 mmHg) PGE, PGF2(2)alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 increased by 311 +/- 56, 330 +/- 50, 301 +/- 44 and 658 +/- 44%, respectively. Net cerebrovascular production [total CBF x (sagittal sinus-arterial plasma prostanoid concentration)] of PGE, PGF2 alpha, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 increased during hypotension compared to normotension (BP = 50-90 mmHg). At MABP = 91-117 mmHg, net production of prostanoids increased by 142-31%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

研究人员利用0-5日龄、60日龄的醒着新生仔猪来研究前列腺素在新生儿急性脑血管适应性中的调节作用。在颈动脉内注射PGE1 (0.1 ~ 10 μ g /kg, n = 6)、PGE2 (0.01 ~ 2 μ g /kg, n = 6)、PGF2 α (0.01 μ g /kg, n = 8)和PGI2 (0.1 μ g /kg, n = 6)前后45 s,用放射性标记微球测定脑血流量(CBF)。与零剂量相比,PGE1 (10 μ g /kg)组CBF增加39.5%,PGE2各剂量组CBF均增加(p < 0.01)。PGF2 α,一种已知的成人血管收缩剂,使总CBF从每公斤97 +/- 8毫升增加到130 +/- 14毫升/分钟。PGI2可使CBF增加27% (p < 0.01)。当在主动脉根部和降主动脉放置球囊导管并将其充气以调节动脉血压(BP)从17至117 mmHg时测量CBF和前列腺素水平时,矢状窦前列腺素浓度与总CBF呈负相关(对于pg, tau = -0.52至-0.66,p < 0.001;对于TXB2, tau = -0.91 ~ 0.99, p < 0.0001)。在低血压(MABP < 50 mmHg)时,PGE、PGF2(2) α、6-酮- pgf1 α和TXB2分别升高311 +/- 56%、330 +/- 50%、301 +/- 44%和658 +/- 44%。与正常血压(BP = 50-90 mmHg)相比,低血压时PGE、PGF2 α、6-酮- pgf1 α和TXB2的净脑血管生成[总CBF x(矢状窦-动脉血浆前列腺素浓度)]增加。当MABP = 91-117 mmHg时,前列腺素净产量增加142-31%。(摘要删节250字)
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引用次数: 0
Expression of the murine prostaglandin (PGH) synthase-1 and PGH synthase-2 isozymes in cos-1 cells. 小鼠前列腺素合成酶-1和PGH合成酶-2同工酶在cos-1细胞中的表达。
Pub Date : 1993-03-01
E A Meade, W L Smith, D L DeWitt

Plasmid vectors were constructed which allowed expression of the mouse prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH) synthase-1 and PGH synthase-2 isozymes in cos-1 cells. Efficient expression of the PGHS-2 isozyme required the truncation of the entire 3'-untranslated region of the PGHS-2 cDNA, possibly due to the presence of multiple AUUUA sequences which may destabilize the PGHS-2 mRNA. The length of the 3'-untranslated regions of the murine and ovine PGHS-1 isozymes, which do not contain AUUUA sequences, did not affect the efficiency of expression of these proteins. The murine PGHS-2 isozyme catalyzes the same cyclooxygenase and hydroperoxidase activities as the ovine and murine PGHS-1 isozymes. The maximal activities of the mouse enzymes expressed in cos-1 cells was about equal, but both were only about a third that seen with the sheep enzyme. Whether this reflects differences in the turnover rate of the mouse and sheep enzymes, or differences in the efficiency of expression in cos-1 cells is not known.

构建质粒载体,在cos-1细胞中表达小鼠前列腺素内过氧化物(PGH)合成酶-1和PGH合成酶-2同工酶。PGHS-2同工酶的有效表达需要截断PGHS-2 cDNA的整个3'-未翻译区域,这可能是由于存在多个AUUUA序列,可能会破坏PGHS-2 mRNA的稳定性。小鼠和绵羊PGHS-1同工酶的3'-非翻译区不含AUUUA序列,其长度不影响这些蛋白的表达效率。小鼠PGHS-2同工酶催化的环加氧酶和氢过氧化物酶活性与绵羊和小鼠PGHS-1同工酶相同。在cos-1细胞中表达的小鼠酶的最大活性大致相等,但两者仅为绵羊酶的三分之一左右。这是否反映了小鼠和绵羊酶的周转率的差异,或者cos-1细胞表达效率的差异尚不清楚。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of six mammalian lysophospholipases. 六种哺乳动物溶血磷脂酶的比较。
Pub Date : 1993-03-01
D E Garsetti, M R Steiner, F Holtsberg, L E Ozgür, R W Egan, M A Clark

Lysophospholipases participate in the regulation of the levels of lysophospholipid, compounds with pleiotropic biological effects. Lysophospholipases were purified from a macrophage cell line (WEHI 265.1), a myelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60) and peripheral blood eosinophils. WEHI 265.1 cells contain three lysophospholipases 28, 27 and 110 kDa as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 110 kDa lysophospholipase also exhibits phospholipase A2 activity and appears to be identical to a previously described 110 kDa phospholipase A2. Similarly, the HL-60 cells have three lysophospholipases, the largest again a 110 kDa enzyme with phospholipase A2 activity and the smaller are 20 and 21 kDa. The low molecular mass lysophospholipases have distinctive chromatographic properties and amino acid compositions. However, the two low molecular mass enzymes from a given cell type are not radically different, e.g., 15 of the 20 amino acids of the C-terminal sequences of the HL-60 enzymes are identical. A single lysophospholipase, approx. 15 kDa, is a major eosinophil protein. This enzyme is different from those described above.

溶血磷脂酶参与调节溶血磷脂水平,具有多效性的化合物。溶血磷脂酶是从巨噬细胞细胞系(WEHI 265.1)、髓细胞白血病细胞系(HL-60)和外周血嗜酸性粒细胞中纯化的。经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定,WEHI 265.1细胞含有三种溶血磷脂酶28、27和110 kDa。110 kDa溶血磷脂酶也表现出磷脂酶A2活性,似乎与先前描述的110 kDa磷脂酶A2相同。同样,HL-60细胞有三种溶血磷脂酶,最大的酶为110 kDa,具有磷脂酶A2活性,较小的酶为20和21 kDa。低分子质量溶血磷脂酶具有独特的色谱性质和氨基酸组成。然而,来自特定细胞类型的两种低分子质量酶并没有根本不同,例如,HL-60酶的c端序列的20个氨基酸中有15个是相同的。一个溶血磷脂酶,大约。15kda,是一种主要的嗜酸性蛋白。这种酶与上面描述的酶不同。
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引用次数: 0
TIS10, a mitogen-inducible glucocorticoid-inhibited gene that encodes a second prostaglandin synthase/cyclooxygenase enzyme. TIS10,一种丝裂原诱导的糖皮质激素抑制基因,编码第二前列腺素合成酶/环氧化酶。
Pub Date : 1993-03-01
H R Herschman, B S Fletcher, D A Kujubu
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引用次数: 0
Pheromonal and reproductive function of F prostaglandins and their metabolites in teleost fish. 硬骨鱼体内F -前列腺素及其代谢产物的信息素和生殖功能。
Pub Date : 1993-03-01
P W Sorensen, F W Goetz

Although the function of prostaglandins in fish reproduction has not been well studied, it is becoming increasingly clear that prostaglandin F2 alpha or a compound closely resembling it serves three critical roles mediating reproductive activities in teleost fish. First, it appears to play a paracrine role in the ovary stimulating and/or modulating follicular rupture. Second, circulating levels of F prostaglandins rise at the time of ovulation and travel to the brain where they elicit female sexual behavior. Third, recent studies indicate that F prostaglandin is metabolized and released to the water where it functions as a sex pheromone stimulating male sexual behavior. Although these roles have been best characterized in the goldfish, ongoing studies indicate that metabolites of prostaglandin F2 alpha may commonly function as pheromones in many fish. Many questions remain about the identity(ies), origins, and species-specificity of the prostaglandin pheromone.

尽管前列腺素在鱼类生殖中的功能尚未得到很好的研究,但越来越清楚的是,前列腺素F2 α或与其相似的化合物在硬骨鱼的生殖活动中起着三个关键作用。首先,它似乎在卵巢刺激和/或调节卵泡破裂中起副分泌作用。其次,在排卵期间,循环中的前列腺素水平上升,并进入大脑,引发女性的性行为。第三,最近的研究表明,前列腺素被代谢并释放到水中,在那里它作为一种性信息素刺激男性的性行为。尽管这些作用在金鱼中得到了最好的表征,但正在进行的研究表明,前列腺素F2 α的代谢物可能在许多鱼类中通常起到信息素的作用。关于前列腺素信息素的身份、来源和物种特异性仍然存在许多问题。
{"title":"Pheromonal and reproductive function of F prostaglandins and their metabolites in teleost fish.","authors":"P W Sorensen,&nbsp;F W Goetz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the function of prostaglandins in fish reproduction has not been well studied, it is becoming increasingly clear that prostaglandin F2 alpha or a compound closely resembling it serves three critical roles mediating reproductive activities in teleost fish. First, it appears to play a paracrine role in the ovary stimulating and/or modulating follicular rupture. Second, circulating levels of F prostaglandins rise at the time of ovulation and travel to the brain where they elicit female sexual behavior. Third, recent studies indicate that F prostaglandin is metabolized and released to the water where it functions as a sex pheromone stimulating male sexual behavior. Although these roles have been best characterized in the goldfish, ongoing studies indicate that metabolites of prostaglandin F2 alpha may commonly function as pheromones in many fish. Many questions remain about the identity(ies), origins, and species-specificity of the prostaglandin pheromone.</p>","PeriodicalId":16323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lipid mediators","volume":"6 1-3","pages":"385-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19344980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Isolation and properties of platelet-activating factor receptor cDNAs. 血小板活化因子受体cdna的分离与性质。
Pub Date : 1993-03-01
M Nakamura, Z Honda, T Matsumoto, M Noma, T Shimizu

The cDNA encoding the platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor was cloned from a guinea pig lung cDNA library by using a Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system. The human PAF receptor cDNA was isolated from a human leukocyte cDNA library using a 0.8-kbp fragment of the guinea pig PAF receptor cDNA as a probe. Both receptors have the same number of amino acids (342 residues) with seven putative transmembrane spanning domains, and belong to the G-protein-linked receptor superfamily. Overall amino acid identity between the two receptors was 83%:91% in the transmembrane domains. Seven threonine and three serine residues conserved in the cytoplasmic loops of both receptors may function as phosphate acceptors, as related to the homologous desensitization of the receptor. Activation of the PAF receptor yielded inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production in the PAF receptor expressed COS-7 cells and oocytes, and guanosine 5'-O-(2-thio)bisphosphate injected into the oocytes inhibited PAF-induced Cl- current, providing evidence that PAF stimulates phosphoinositide turnover via G-protein(s).

利用非洲爪蟾卵母细胞表达系统,从豚鼠肺cDNA文库中克隆了血小板活化因子(PAF)受体cDNA。以豚鼠PAF受体cDNA 0.8 kbp片段为探针,从人白细胞cDNA文库中分离到人PAF受体cDNA。两种受体具有相同数量的氨基酸(342个残基)和7个假定的跨膜结构域,并且属于g蛋白连接受体超家族。两个受体之间的氨基酸一致性为83%,跨膜结构域为91%。两种受体胞质环中保留的7个苏氨酸和3个丝氨酸残基可能作为磷酸受体,这与受体的同源脱敏有关。PAF受体的激活在PAF受体表达的COS-7细胞和卵母细胞中产生肌醇1,4,5-三磷酸,卵母细胞注射鸟苷5'- o -(2-硫代)二磷酸抑制PAF诱导的Cl-电流,证明PAF通过g蛋白刺激磷酸肌苷的转换。
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引用次数: 0
Strategies in the design of peptidoleukotriene antagonists. 肽多溴三烯拮抗剂的设计策略。
Pub Date : 1993-03-01
A von Sprecher, A Beck, M Gerspacher, A Sallmann, G P Anderson, N Subramanian, U Niederhauser, M A Bray

The research of the last two decades in the field of SRS-A and peptidoleukotriene (pLT) antagonists has provided information for the design of potent pLT antagonists, which share some or all of the following structural elements: (1) a lipophilic anchor, which fits into the lipophilic pocket of the LTD4 receptor; (2) a central lipophilic unit mimicking the tetraene system of LTD4; (3) one or two acidic groups, as mimics of the cysteinyl-glycine unit and/or the carboxylic group in the eicosanoid backbone of LTD4; (4) spacers connecting these elements. Potent pLT antagonists lacking a second polar binding group compensate by stronger interaction in other regions of the receptor. Identification of pLT antagonists is based on lead optimisation, preparation of pLT analogs and on the knowledge of the pLT receptor.

近二十年来在SRS-A和肽二烯(pLT)拮抗剂领域的研究为设计有效的pLT拮抗剂提供了信息,这些拮抗剂具有以下部分或全部结构元素:(1)亲脂锚,适合LTD4受体的亲脂口袋;(2)模拟LTD4的四烯体系的中心亲脂性单元;(3)一个或两个酸性基团,作为LTD4的二十烷骨架中的半胱氨酸-甘氨酸单元和/或羧基的模拟物;(4)连接这些元件的垫片。缺乏第二极性结合基团的强效pLT拮抗剂通过与受体其他区域更强的相互作用来补偿。pLT拮抗剂的鉴定是基于先导物优化、pLT类似物的制备和对pLT受体的了解。
{"title":"Strategies in the design of peptidoleukotriene antagonists.","authors":"A von Sprecher,&nbsp;A Beck,&nbsp;M Gerspacher,&nbsp;A Sallmann,&nbsp;G P Anderson,&nbsp;N Subramanian,&nbsp;U Niederhauser,&nbsp;M A Bray","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The research of the last two decades in the field of SRS-A and peptidoleukotriene (pLT) antagonists has provided information for the design of potent pLT antagonists, which share some or all of the following structural elements: (1) a lipophilic anchor, which fits into the lipophilic pocket of the LTD4 receptor; (2) a central lipophilic unit mimicking the tetraene system of LTD4; (3) one or two acidic groups, as mimics of the cysteinyl-glycine unit and/or the carboxylic group in the eicosanoid backbone of LTD4; (4) spacers connecting these elements. Potent pLT antagonists lacking a second polar binding group compensate by stronger interaction in other regions of the receptor. Identification of pLT antagonists is based on lead optimisation, preparation of pLT analogs and on the knowledge of the pLT receptor.</p>","PeriodicalId":16323,"journal":{"name":"Journal of lipid mediators","volume":"6 1-3","pages":"265-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19381140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of lipid mediators
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