Kyabwanswa Rural Integrated Farming Systems (KRIFS) is a Community Based Organization (CBO) with its Head Office in Kitagwenda Town Council. KRIFS quartet model involves emphasis of integrating four agricultural activities namely: Apiculture, agro-forestry, coffee and at least one type of livestock. The paper utilizes data obtained from January 2017 surveys, interviews, focus group discussions and observations by the authors. The authors observe that the four activities are symbiotic income generating enterprises. The quartet model has greatly contributed in reducing poverty, increasing agricultural productivity, facilitating value addition, conserving the environment, halting biodiversity loss and mitigating climate change. The model is strongly hinged on training of farmers in organized groups more especially the youth and the women.The involvement of KRIFS in integrated farming that involves introducing new innovations to improve production and productivity in agriculture through improved breeds of livestock and crops as well as environmental conservation being pivotal in its operations, has culminated to agro-tourism in the district. The authors recommend that the model be implemented in the whole of Uganda. Apiculture should be included in the priority commodity list for the parish model. Agro-tourism is yet another economi cactivity that should be exploited to reduce unemployment, conserve the environment and reduce effects of climate change.
{"title":"KRIFS Quartet Model Improving Livelihoods and Fueling Tourism in Kitagwenda District,Western Uganda","authors":"F. Tumwine, H. Opedes, Jennifar Tumushabe","doi":"10.30564/jgr.v4i4.3474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v4i4.3474","url":null,"abstract":"Kyabwanswa Rural Integrated Farming Systems (KRIFS) is a Community Based Organization (CBO) with its Head Office in Kitagwenda Town Council. KRIFS quartet model involves emphasis of integrating four agricultural activities namely: Apiculture, agro-forestry, coffee and at least one type of livestock. The paper utilizes data obtained from January 2017 surveys, interviews, focus group discussions and observations by the authors. The authors observe that the four activities are symbiotic income generating enterprises. The quartet model has greatly contributed in reducing poverty, increasing agricultural productivity, facilitating value addition, conserving the environment, halting biodiversity loss and mitigating climate change. The model is strongly hinged on training of farmers in organized groups more especially the youth and the women.The involvement of KRIFS in integrated farming that involves introducing new innovations to improve production and productivity in agriculture through improved breeds of livestock and crops as well as environmental conservation being pivotal in its operations, has culminated to agro-tourism in the district. The authors recommend that the model be implemented in the whole of Uganda. Apiculture should be included in the priority commodity list for the parish model. Agro-tourism is yet another economi cactivity that should be exploited to reduce unemployment, conserve the environment and reduce effects of climate change.","PeriodicalId":165093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125366830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An extensive search has been carried out to find all major flood and very heavy rainfall events in Victoria since 1876 when Southern Oscillation (SOI) data became available. The synoptic weather patterns were analysed and of the 319 events studied,121 events were found to be East Coast Lows (ECLs) and 82 were other types of low-pressure systems. Tropical influences also played a large role with 105 events being associated with tropical air advecting down to Victoria into weather systems. Examples are presented of all the major synoptic patterns identified. The SOI was found to be an important climate driver with positive SOIs being associated with many events over the 144 years studied. The 1976 Climate Shift and its influence on significant Victorian rainfall events is studied and negative SOI monthly values were shown to dominate following the Shift.However,one of the most active periods in 144 years of Victorian heavy rain occurred after the shift with a sustained period of positive SOI events from 2007 to 2014. Therefore, it is critical for forecasting future Victorian heavy rainfall is to understand if sequences of these positive SOI events continue like those preceding the Shift. Possible relationships between the Shift and Global Temperature rises are also explored. Upper wind data available from some of the heaviest rainfall events showed the presence of anticyclonic turning of the winds between 850hPa and 500hPa levels which has been found to be linked with extreme rainfall around the Globe.
{"title":"A Climatology of Heavy Rain and Major Flood Events in Victoria 1876-2019 and the Effect of the 1976 Climate Shift","authors":"J. Callaghan","doi":"10.30564/jgr.v4i3.3204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v4i3.3204","url":null,"abstract":"An extensive search has been carried out to find all major flood and very heavy rainfall events in Victoria since 1876 when Southern Oscillation (SOI) data became available. The synoptic weather patterns were analysed and of the 319 events studied,121 events were found to be East Coast Lows (ECLs) and 82 were other types of low-pressure systems. Tropical influences also played a large role with 105 events being associated with tropical air advecting down to Victoria into weather systems. Examples are presented of all the major synoptic patterns identified. The SOI was found to be an important climate driver with positive SOIs being associated with many events over the 144 years studied. The 1976 Climate Shift and its influence on significant Victorian rainfall events is studied and negative SOI monthly values were shown to dominate following the Shift.However,one of the most active periods in 144 years of Victorian heavy rain occurred after the shift with a sustained period of positive SOI events from 2007 to 2014. Therefore, it is critical for forecasting future Victorian heavy rainfall is to understand if sequences of these positive SOI events continue like those preceding the Shift. Possible relationships between the Shift and Global Temperature rises are also explored. Upper wind data available from some of the heaviest rainfall events showed the presence of anticyclonic turning of the winds between 850hPa and 500hPa levels which has been found to be linked with extreme rainfall around the Globe. ","PeriodicalId":165093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131953742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Pokhrel, S. Khatiwada, Narayani Paudel, K. Dhakal, Chhabi Lal Chidi, N. Timilsena, Dhana Krishna Mahat
This study is an attempt to point out the different types of natural hazards in Sudur Paschim province of Nepal where environmental degradation processes such as deforestation, desertification, biodiversity loss, soil crisp and watershed degradation are rising trends. Using participatory method multi hazard prone areas were identified with type and intensity. Multi criteria evaluation method was applied to prioritize replicable actions with location -specific innovative practices and their legitimization for integrating local and indigenous knowledge into mainstream education,science and policy with a view to incorporate local and indigenous knowledge as live science in disaster and climate change education.Findings of the study reveal that varieties of natural hazards in combination with social factors such as poverty, conflict and inequality have resulted frequent disasters and social vulnerabilities in many parts of the province.Traditionally, indigenous and local people have responded threats of multi hazards by using their traditional knowledge and skills which has evolved over generations, and continue to adapt to future changes. These traditional,often faith-based, beliefs and practices were found to use as the key to their resilience in the face of natural hazards. However, many communities have been lost their knowledge as the elderly die without transferring it to younger members. Behind this proper educational policy and strategic development plans have not been implemented to cope local/indigenous knowledge into practices. Findings of the study indicate that indigenous and local knowledge is a precious province resource that can support the process of disaster prevention, preparedness and response in cost-effective disaster risk reduction. Therefore, policy framework has to prime focus to integrate indigenous and local knowledge, wisdom and skills into mainstream educational programs in order to transfer science into policy and education (words) into practice.
{"title":"Innovative Practices for the Promotion of Local/Indigenous Knowledge for Disaster Risk Reduction Management in Sudur Paschim Province, Nepal","authors":"K. Pokhrel, S. Khatiwada, Narayani Paudel, K. Dhakal, Chhabi Lal Chidi, N. Timilsena, Dhana Krishna Mahat","doi":"10.30564/JGR.V4I3.3223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/JGR.V4I3.3223","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an attempt to point out the different types of natural hazards in Sudur Paschim province of Nepal where environmental degradation processes such as deforestation, desertification, biodiversity loss, soil crisp and watershed degradation are rising trends. Using participatory method multi hazard prone areas were identified with type and intensity. Multi criteria evaluation method was applied to prioritize replicable actions with location -specific innovative practices and their legitimization for integrating local and indigenous knowledge into mainstream education,science and policy with a view to incorporate local and indigenous knowledge as live science in disaster and climate change education.Findings of the study reveal that varieties of natural hazards in combination with social factors such as poverty, conflict and inequality have resulted frequent disasters and social vulnerabilities in many parts of the province.Traditionally, indigenous and local people have responded threats of multi hazards by using their traditional knowledge and skills which has evolved over generations, and continue to adapt to future changes. These traditional,often faith-based, beliefs and practices were found to use as the key to their resilience in the face of natural hazards. However, many communities have been lost their knowledge as the elderly die without transferring it to younger members. Behind this proper educational policy and strategic development plans have not been implemented to cope local/indigenous knowledge into practices. Findings of the study indicate that indigenous and local knowledge is a precious province resource that can support the process of disaster prevention, preparedness and response in cost-effective disaster risk reduction. Therefore, policy framework has to prime focus to integrate indigenous and local knowledge, wisdom and skills into mainstream educational programs in order to transfer science into policy and education (words) into practice. ","PeriodicalId":165093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126152564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Bodo, Batombari Gbidum Gimah, Kemetonye Joy Seomoni
Deforestation leads to habitat loss while preservation and conservation of the natural forest increase biological diversity. Multiple factors have been reported to be responsible for deforestation and habitat loss, which could either be of human or natural origin. Natural causes of deforestation could be as result of forest fires, droughts, exotic animals, floods, overpopulation of foreign animals and climate change. That notwithstanding, human activities are among the principal causes of global deforestation with agricultural expansion, cattle breeding, timber extraction, mining, oil extraction, dam construction and infrastructure development as some examples of human influences. This study identifies agricultural activities and urbanization as the chief causes of human induced deforestation and habitat loss on a large scale. The simple and more practicable approach to curb the already alarming effects of deforestation and habitat loss is through environmental education of everyone still surviving on our planet. Environmental education is the key to reversing continuous and deliberate human actions through the protection of every natural forest and afforestattion where necessary.
{"title":"Deforestation:Human Causes,Consequences and Possible Solution","authors":"T. Bodo, Batombari Gbidum Gimah, Kemetonye Joy Seomoni","doi":"10.30564/JGR.V4I2.3059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/JGR.V4I2.3059","url":null,"abstract":"Deforestation leads to habitat loss while preservation and conservation of the natural forest increase biological diversity. Multiple factors have been reported to be responsible for deforestation and habitat loss, which could either be of human or natural origin. Natural causes of deforestation could be as result of forest fires, droughts, exotic animals, floods, overpopulation of foreign animals and climate change. That notwithstanding, human activities are among the principal causes of global deforestation with agricultural expansion, cattle breeding, timber extraction, mining, oil extraction, dam construction and infrastructure development as some examples of human influences. This study identifies agricultural activities and urbanization as the chief causes of human induced deforestation and habitat loss on a large scale. The simple and more practicable approach to curb the already alarming effects of deforestation and habitat loss is through environmental education of everyone still surviving on our planet. Environmental education is the key to reversing continuous and deliberate human actions through the protection of every natural forest and afforestattion where necessary.","PeriodicalId":165093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126931429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Residents along the shoreline of the Orashi River have yearly been displaced and recorded loss of lives, farmland, and infrastructures. The Government’s approach has been the provision of relief materials to the victims instead of implementing adequate control measures. This research employs Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission and Google Earth imagery in developing a 3D floodplain map in ArcGIS 10.4. The result indicates the drainage system in the study area is observe to be dendritic with catchment of 79 subbasin with 76 pour point indicating the area is floodplain including 3D slope > 8 contain 1.15% and < 8 has 98.85% indicating floodplain area, aspect indicate west-facing slope are dark blue,3D hillshade indicate yellow is very low area and high area is pink and also the buffer analysis result reveals waterbodies reflecting blue with estimated area of 1.88 km2, yellow indicate 0.79 km2 of the shoreline, red indicate 0.81 km2 of the minor floodplain and pink contain 0.82 km2 with length of 32.82km. The result from google earth image in 2007 indicate absent of settlement ,2013 indicate minimal settlement and 2020 indicate major settlement in the study area when correlated with 3D Floodplain mapping before and during the flood in other to analyze and manage flooding for further purpose and majority of the area are under seize with flood like in 2020. Therefore, Remote Sensing and GIS techniques is useful for Floodplain mapping, risk analysis for control measures for better flood management.
{"title":"Floodplain mapping and risks assessment of the Orashi River using Remote Sensing and GIS in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria.","authors":"E. Rowland, Okechukwu Okpobiri","doi":"10.30564/jgr.v4i2.3014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v4i2.3014","url":null,"abstract":"Residents along the shoreline of the Orashi River have yearly been displaced and recorded loss of lives, farmland, and infrastructures. The Government’s approach has been the provision of relief materials to the victims instead of implementing adequate control measures. This research employs Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission and Google Earth imagery in developing a 3D floodplain map in ArcGIS 10.4. The result indicates the drainage system in the study area is observe to be dendritic with catchment of 79 subbasin with 76 pour point indicating the area is floodplain including 3D slope > 8 contain 1.15% and < 8 has 98.85% indicating floodplain area, aspect indicate west-facing slope are dark blue,3D hillshade indicate yellow is very low area and high area is pink and also the buffer analysis result reveals waterbodies reflecting blue with estimated area of 1.88 km2, yellow indicate 0.79 km2 of the shoreline, red indicate 0.81 km2 of the minor floodplain and pink contain 0.82 km2 with length of 32.82km. The result from google earth image in 2007 indicate absent of settlement ,2013 indicate minimal settlement and 2020 indicate major settlement in the study area when correlated with 3D Floodplain mapping before and during the flood in other to analyze and manage flooding for further purpose and majority of the area are under seize with flood like in 2020. Therefore, Remote Sensing and GIS techniques is useful for Floodplain mapping, risk analysis for control measures for better flood management.","PeriodicalId":165093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"38-40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116768011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increasing population and densification of the cities lead to increasing land value by the high demand of land for housing and other infrastructure developments are the reasons that tend to decreasing open spaces in Kathmandu Valley in general, and Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC) in particular. Urban open space has been considered as a place that is accessible to all residents and is important in the urban context as such space provides an opportunity as a place for social interaction, networking, recreation, and various physical health exercises. However, different social and economic contexts of the society reflect different patterns of its uses. Two different urban settings (core urban area having indigenous dominant population and fringe urban areas having migrants’ dominant population) have been taken as a basis for analysis in this paper to look at how different urban societies use open spaces differently. Open spaces are not only important for maintaining urban greenery and beauty but are valued for accumulating social capital and enhancing physical well-being to the urban communities. These issues are analyzed through the interpretative research methodology by collecting the data through in-depth interviews, key informants’ interviews, informal conversational interviews, and non-participatory observation from two different urban settings of KMC.
{"title":"Urban Open Space as a Place for Social and Physical Well-being: Narratives from two Different Urban Settings of Kathmandu, Nepal","authors":"K. P. Timalsina","doi":"10.30564/JGR.V4I1.2449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/JGR.V4I1.2449","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing population and densification of the cities lead to increasing land value by the high demand of land for housing and other infrastructure developments are the reasons that tend to decreasing open spaces in Kathmandu Valley in general, and Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC) in particular. Urban open space has been considered as a place that is accessible to all residents and is important in the urban context as such space provides an opportunity as a place for social interaction, networking, recreation, and various physical health exercises. However, different social and economic contexts of the society reflect different patterns of its uses. Two different urban settings (core urban area having indigenous dominant population and fringe urban areas having migrants’ dominant population) have been taken as a basis for analysis in this paper to look at how different urban societies use open spaces differently. Open spaces are not only important for maintaining urban greenery and beauty but are valued for accumulating social capital and enhancing physical well-being to the urban communities. These issues are analyzed through the interpretative research methodology by collecting the data through in-depth interviews, key informants’ interviews, informal conversational interviews, and non-participatory observation from two different urban settings of KMC.","PeriodicalId":165093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115091627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluvial sediment transport data is a very important data for effective water resource management. However, acquiring this data is expensive and tedious hence sediment yield modeling has become an alternative approach in estimating river sediment yields. In Ghana, several sediment yield predicting models have been developed to estimate the sediment yields of ungauged rivers including the Pra River Basin. In this paper, 10 months sediment yield data of the Pra River Basin was used to evaluate the existing sediment yield predicting models of Ghana. A regression analysis between predicted sediment yield data derived from the models and the observed suspended sediment yields of the Pra Basin was done to determine the extent of estimation of observed sediment yields. The prediction of suspended sediment yield was done for 4 out of 5 existing sediment yield predicting models in Ghana. There were variations in sediment yield between observed and predicted suspended sediments. All predicted sediment yields were lower than observed data except for equation 3 where the results were mixed. All models were found to be good estimators of fluvial sediments with the best model being equation 4. Sediment yield tends to increase with drainage basin area.
{"title":"Evaluation of sediment yield predicting models of Ghana","authors":"J. Kusimi, B. A. Kusimi, B. Amisigo","doi":"10.30564/JGR.V4I1.2596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/JGR.V4I1.2596","url":null,"abstract":"Fluvial sediment transport data is a very important data for effective water resource management. However, acquiring this data is expensive and tedious hence sediment yield modeling has become an alternative approach in estimating river sediment yields. In Ghana, several sediment yield predicting models have been developed to estimate the sediment yields of ungauged rivers including the Pra River Basin. In this paper, 10 months sediment yield data of the Pra River Basin was used to evaluate the existing sediment yield predicting models of Ghana. A regression analysis between predicted sediment yield data derived from the models and the observed suspended sediment yields of the Pra Basin was done to determine the extent of estimation of observed sediment yields. The prediction of suspended sediment yield was done for 4 out of 5 existing sediment yield predicting models in Ghana. There were variations in sediment yield between observed and predicted suspended sediments. All predicted sediment yields were lower than observed data except for equation 3 where the results were mixed. All models were found to be good estimators of fluvial sediments with the best model being equation 4. Sediment yield tends to increase with drainage basin area. ","PeriodicalId":165093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131260697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using a sample of ~3,100 U.S. counties, we tested geoclimatic explanations for why cognitive ability varies across geography. These models posit that geoclimatic factors will strongly predict cognitive ability across geography, even when a variety of common controls appear in the regression equations. Our results generally do not support UV radiation (UVR) based or other geoclimatic models. Specifically, although UVR alone predicted cognitive ability at the U.S. county-level (β = -.33), its validity was markedly reduced in the presence of climatic and demographic covariates (β = -.16), and was reduced even further with a spatial lag (β = -.10). For climate models, average temperature remained a significant predictor in the regression equation containing a spatial lag (β = .35). However, the effect was in the wrong direction relative to typical cold weather hypotheses. Moreover, when we ran the analyses separately by race/ethnicity, no consistent pattern appeared in the models containing the spatial lag. Analyses of gap sizes across counties were also generally inconsistent with predictions from the UVR model. Instead, results seemed to provide support for compositional models.
{"title":"County-level USA: No Robust Relationship between Geoclimatic Variables and Cognitive Ability","authors":"B. Pesta, J. Fuerst, Emil Ole William Kirkegaard","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/avpk7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/avpk7","url":null,"abstract":"Using a sample of ~3,100 U.S. counties, we tested geoclimatic explanations for why cognitive ability varies across geography. These models posit that geoclimatic factors will strongly predict cognitive ability across geography, even when a variety of common controls appear in the regression equations. Our results generally do not support UV radiation (UVR) based or other geoclimatic models. Specifically, although UVR alone predicted cognitive ability at the U.S. county-level (β = -.33), its validity was markedly reduced in the presence of climatic and demographic covariates (β = -.16), and was reduced even further with a spatial lag (β = -.10). For climate models, average temperature remained a significant predictor in the regression equation containing a spatial lag (β = .35). However, the effect was in the wrong direction relative to typical cold weather hypotheses. Moreover, when we ran the analyses separately by race/ethnicity, no consistent pattern appeared in the models containing the spatial lag. Analyses of gap sizes across counties were also generally inconsistent with predictions from the UVR model. Instead, results seemed to provide support for compositional models.","PeriodicalId":165093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121817765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the purpose of this manuscript, we used the old maps of Europe and of the ecumene, as it was known at the time, in order to establish the ecumene properties, as well as the size of the Mediterranean in the time of Ptolemy. We obtained the coordinates (geographic longitude and latitude) from Ptolemy’s map of ecumene of ancient Mediterranean settlements. According to the historical data the coordinates of the Mediterranean ecumene were studied in the 7th century, since the Mediterranean was the centre connecting the civilizations of Europe, Asia and Africa. Though the errors (of longitude and latitude) are large, these coordinates are of great importance for the studies of the past settlements. Today, these settlements are the symbol of civilisation and of human existence. Using the data from 501 settlements overall, we obtained two principal maps of the Mediterranean ecumene with the average density of settlements on the area of 2000 km2. All Ptolemy’s maps, which were used were of great significance from the scientific point of view, since they made the description of 2000 years old civilization possible. Historically, part of these civilizations, and those formed after wards, belonged to the Mediterranean.
{"title":"The size of the ecumene of the Mediterranean in ancient times","authors":"A. Valjarević","doi":"10.30564/JGR.V3I4.2030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/JGR.V3I4.2030","url":null,"abstract":"For the purpose of this manuscript, we used the old maps of Europe and of the ecumene, as it was known at the time, in order to establish the ecumene properties, as well as the size of the Mediterranean in the time of Ptolemy. We obtained the coordinates (geographic longitude and latitude) from Ptolemy’s map of ecumene of ancient Mediterranean settlements. According to the historical data the coordinates of the Mediterranean ecumene were studied in the 7th century, since the Mediterranean was the centre connecting the civilizations of Europe, Asia and Africa. Though the errors (of longitude and latitude) are large, these coordinates are of great importance for the studies of the past settlements. Today, these settlements are the symbol of civilisation and of human existence. Using the data from 501 settlements overall, we obtained two principal maps of the Mediterranean ecumene with the average density of settlements on the area of 2000 km2. All Ptolemy’s maps, which were used were of great significance from the scientific point of view, since they made the description of 2000 years old civilization possible. Historically, part of these civilizations, and those formed after wards, belonged to the Mediterranean. ","PeriodicalId":165093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116383021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing challenges of pressure and ever-growing demands on limited resources in Nepal by diverse actors, land degradation, biodiversity lossand climate change require the rational use of land resources to sustain andenhance productivity and maintain resilient ecosystems for achieving thesustainable and efficient use of resources, taking into account biophysicaland socioeconomic dimensions. Regarding this, Nepal Government has realized and taken initiation of scientific and sustainable land use zoning following the National Land Use Act 2019 (2076 B.S.) to use land resourcesin practicable and sustainable manner. Using spatial information techniquessuch asZ-3 satellite image, remote sensing (RS), global positioning system(GPS) and geographic information system (GIS). Multicriteria decisionmaking (MCDM) methods for acquiring spatial/temporal data, throughexpert judgment techniques based on field observation as well as laboratoryanalysis result, it was found that the soil nutrient status of, the municipalityvaried spatially and has pH with very high acidic to slightly alkaline butmost of the soils are slightly acidic (39.58%). Majority of the soil are loamand sandy loam type with very low to high level of organic matter. Mostof the municipal area is under medium range of organic matter. Nitrogencontent ranges from very low to very high level as to same ranges of phosphorous (37.69%). Potassium level is also in very high to low as 37 percent land area has high level of potassium. Reclamation of acidic soil mainly in leachable soil is recommended with the proper management of Nitrogen with addition of organic matter is needed to manage for improving crop production.
{"title":"Soil Health and Sustainable Land Resource Management Practices at Municipal Level: A Case from Bheri Nagarpalika (Municipality), Jajorkot District, Nepal","authors":"K. Pokhrel","doi":"10.30564/jgr.v3i2.2143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v3i2.2143","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing challenges of pressure and ever-growing demands on limited resources in Nepal by diverse actors, land degradation, biodiversity lossand climate change require the rational use of land resources to sustain andenhance productivity and maintain resilient ecosystems for achieving thesustainable and efficient use of resources, taking into account biophysicaland socioeconomic dimensions. Regarding this, Nepal Government has realized and taken initiation of scientific and sustainable land use zoning following the National Land Use Act 2019 (2076 B.S.) to use land resourcesin practicable and sustainable manner. Using spatial information techniquessuch asZ-3 satellite image, remote sensing (RS), global positioning system(GPS) and geographic information system (GIS). Multicriteria decisionmaking (MCDM) methods for acquiring spatial/temporal data, throughexpert judgment techniques based on field observation as well as laboratoryanalysis result, it was found that the soil nutrient status of, the municipalityvaried spatially and has pH with very high acidic to slightly alkaline butmost of the soils are slightly acidic (39.58%). Majority of the soil are loamand sandy loam type with very low to high level of organic matter. Mostof the municipal area is under medium range of organic matter. Nitrogencontent ranges from very low to very high level as to same ranges of phosphorous (37.69%). Potassium level is also in very high to low as 37 percent land area has high level of potassium. Reclamation of acidic soil mainly in leachable soil is recommended with the proper management of Nitrogen with addition of organic matter is needed to manage for improving crop production.","PeriodicalId":165093,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geographical Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123207475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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