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Preventing Data Popularity Concentration in HDFS based Cloud Storage 防止基于HDFS的云存储中数据热度集中
T. Shwe, M. Aritsugi
Hadoop Distributed File System(HDFS) often experiences skew in data storage over time, mainly because of random data block allocation policy, datanode failure, replica reconstruction, and client activity, leading to utilization and load imbalance in the system. Although HDFS provides tools to rebalance the data in the cluster, balancer only considers balancing disk space utilization among nodes which re-allocates the data from highly utilized nodes to low utilized nodes. Thus, data access skew which is caused by piling a large amount of popular data in one node is not addressed in the default HDFS balancer. To address this issue, we present popularity-aware balancer based on node popularity score which spreads the popular data uniformly among datanodes, resulting in the balance of future access load balancing and reduction of hot spots in the cloud storage system. Simulation results demonstrate the promising benefits of proposed popularity-aware balancer by evaluating the uniform distribution of popular data across nodes without compromising the amount of data transfers and variance in disk space.
Hadoop HDFS (Distributed File System)的数据存储随着时间的推移,经常会出现数据存储的倾斜,主要是由于随机的数据块分配策略、datanode故障、副本重建和客户端活动导致系统的利用率和负载不平衡。虽然HDFS提供了重新平衡集群内数据的工具,但balancer只考虑均衡节点间的磁盘空间利用率,将数据从利用率高的节点重新分配到利用率低的节点。因此,在默认的HDFS平衡器中不会解决由于在一个节点上堆积大量流行数据而导致的数据访问倾斜。为了解决这一问题,我们提出了基于节点流行度评分的流行感知均衡器,该均衡器将流行数据统一分布在数据节点之间,从而实现云存储系统未来访问负载均衡和热点减少的平衡。仿真结果表明,通过在不影响数据传输量和磁盘空间方差的情况下评估流行数据跨节点的均匀分布,所提出的流行感知平衡器具有良好的优势。
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引用次数: 1
Component-based Scheduling for Fog Computing 基于组件的雾计算调度
Danilo Charântola, Alexandre C. Mestre, Rafael Zane, L. Bittencourt
Cloud computing have established the utility computing paradigm as a standard for application development and execution. As heterogeneity in applications requirements become a norm, fog computing has emerged recently to introduce computing capacity layers between the edge and the cloud, creating a hierarchy of computing power that can be used as a utility to run highly heterogeneous applications. However, in order to make this layered infrastructure a reality, new resource management mechanisms are necessary. In this paper we propose a component-based scheduler that considers application requirements heterogeneity as well as the fog-cloud computing hierarchy to improve applications execution in a cloud-fog computing infrastructure. The proposed algorithm takes into account the delay-priority of applications when taking scheduling decision on the fog-cloud infrastructure. We evaluate the proposal in a simulator, and preliminary results suggest the component-based scheduling algorithm is able to reduce average delays for applications with stricter requirements.
云计算已经建立了效用计算范式作为应用程序开发和执行的标准。随着应用程序需求的异构性成为常态,雾计算最近出现了,它在边缘和云之间引入了计算能力层,创建了计算能力的层次结构,可以用作运行高度异构应用程序的实用程序。然而,为了使这种分层的基础设施成为现实,需要新的资源管理机制。在本文中,我们提出了一个基于组件的调度器,该调度器考虑了应用程序需求的异构性以及雾云计算层次结构,以改善云雾计算基础设施中的应用程序执行。该算法在雾云基础设施上进行调度决策时考虑了应用程序的延迟优先级。我们在模拟器中对该方案进行了评估,初步结果表明,基于组件的调度算法能够降低具有更严格要求的应用程序的平均延迟。
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引用次数: 9
MEML: Resource-aware MQTT-based Machine Learning for Network Attacks Detection on IoT Edge Devices MEML:用于物联网边缘设备网络攻击检测的基于资源感知mqtt的机器学习
Andrii Shalaginov, Oleksandr Semeniuta, M. Alazab
Growing number of Smart Applications in recent years bring a completely new landscape of cyber-attacks and exploitation scenario that have not been seen in wild before. Devices in Edge commonly have very limited computational resources and corresponding power source reducing the number of conventional cybersecurity measures available for deployment. This also puts strict requirements on how the signatures of malicious actions can be updated and actualized. It has been proved efficiency of Machine Learning models, Neural Networks in particular, in multiple tasks related to cybersecurity due to the high-abstract precise models and training from historical data. However, when it comes to the devices in Edge, it is clear that the extensive training of the model is not possible, while testing of new unseen data can be successfully done. In addition to the conventional understanding of off-line and on-line model training, this contribution looks into how the Machine Learning can be successfully deployed on IoT while putting unnecessary computations off-chip through parameters transfer over MQTT network, reducing computational footprint on micro-controllers. We believe that proposed approach will be beneficial for many applications in resource-constrained environment.
近年来,越来越多的智能应用程序带来了一个全新的网络攻击和利用场景,这是以前从未见过的。Edge中的设备通常具有非常有限的计算资源和相应的电源,从而减少了可用于部署的传统网络安全措施的数量。这也对如何更新和实现恶意行为的签名提出了严格的要求。机器学习模型,特别是神经网络,由于其高度抽象的精确模型和从历史数据中进行训练,在与网络安全相关的多个任务中已经证明了其效率。然而,当涉及到Edge中的设备时,很明显,不可能对模型进行广泛的训练,而可以成功地测试新的未见过的数据。除了对离线和在线模型训练的传统理解之外,该贡献还研究了机器学习如何成功地部署在物联网上,同时通过MQTT网络上的参数传输将不必要的计算放在片外,从而减少微控制器上的计算占用。我们相信,所提出的方法将有利于资源受限环境下的许多应用。
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引用次数: 15
Memetic Algorithm based Similarity Metric for Recommender System 基于模因算法的推荐系统相似度度量
Saumya Bansal, Niyati Baliyan
Recommender Systems (RS) are web-based intelligent decision-making tools, which narrow down the user's choices based on their defined and undefined behavior. An evolutionary algorithm, namely, Genetic Algorithm (GA) has shown significant results in the field of RS in the past. Despite its huge success, it suffers from the limitation of premature convergence. Memetic Algorithm (MA), also called parallel or hybrid GA is one such technique which introduces local search to reduce the likelihood of premature convergence. This work presents a novel MA-based Similarity Metric (MASM) for RS, leveraging the collaborative behavior of memes. We use publicly available Movielens dataset (100K ratings) to conduct experiments. Results demonstrate that the proposed metric outperforms the conventional GA-based Similarity Metric (GASM). The precision of RS using MASM is improved by 28% over RS using GASM, resulting in improved predictive recommendation accuracy.
推荐系统(RS)是基于网络的智能决策工具,它根据用户已定义和未定义的行为缩小用户的选择范围。一种进化算法,即遗传算法(Genetic algorithm, GA),过去在RS领域已经取得了显著的成果。尽管取得了巨大的成功,但它仍受到过早收敛的限制。模因算法(Memetic Algorithm, MA),也称为并行遗传算法或混合遗传算法,是一种引入局部搜索来减少过早收敛可能性的算法。这项工作提出了一种新的基于模因的相似性度量(MASM),利用模因的协作行为。我们使用公开可用的Movielens数据集(100K评级)进行实验。结果表明,该度量优于传统的基于遗传算法的相似性度量(GASM)。使用MASM的RS的精度比使用GASM的RS提高了28%,从而提高了预测推荐的精度。
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引用次数: 3
Cloud Enablers For Testing Large-Scale Distributed Applications 用于测试大规模分布式应用程序的云使能器
P. Harsh, Juan Francisco Ribera Laszkowski, A. Edmonds, Tran Quang Thanh, Michael Pauls, Radoslav Vlaskovski, Orlando Avila-García, Enric Pages, Francisco Gortázar-Bellas, Micael Gallego-Carrillo
Testing large-scale distributed systems (also known as testing in the large) is a challenge that spreads across different technical domains and areas of expertise. Current methods and tools provide some minimal guarantees in relation to the correctness of their functional properties and have serious limitations when evaluating their extra-functional properties in realistic conditions, such as scalability, availability and performance efficiency. Cloud Testing and more specifically "testing in the cloud'' has arisen to tackle those challenges. In this new paradigm, cloud-based environment and infrastructure are used to run realistic end-to-end and/or system-level tests, collect test data and analyse them. In this paper we present a set of cloud-native services to take from the tester the responsibility of managing the resources and complementary services required to simulate realistic operational conditions and production environments. Specifically, they provide cloud testing capabilities such as logs and measurements collection from both testing jobs and system under test; test data analytics and visualization; provisioning and operation of additional services and processes to replicate realistic production ecosystems; support to scalability and diversity of underlying testing infrastructure; and replication of the operational conditions of the software under test through its instrumentation. We present the architecture of the cloud testing solution and the detailed design of each of the services; we also evaluate their relative contribution to satisfy different needs in the context of test execution.
测试大规模分布式系统(也称为大型测试)是一项跨越不同技术领域和专业领域的挑战。当前的方法和工具对其功能属性的正确性提供了一些最低限度的保证,并且在实际条件下评估其额外功能属性(如可伸缩性、可用性和性能效率)时存在严重的限制。为了应对这些挑战,出现了云测试,更具体地说是“在云中测试”。在这个新范例中,基于云的环境和基础设施用于运行实际的端到端和/或系统级测试,收集测试数据并对其进行分析。在本文中,我们提出了一组云原生服务,以从测试人员那里承担管理资源和辅助服务的责任,以模拟实际的操作条件和生产环境。具体来说,它们提供云测试功能,例如从测试作业和被测系统收集日志和测量值;测试数据分析和可视化;提供和操作额外的服务和流程,以复制现实的生产生态系统;支持底层测试基础架构的可扩展性和多样性;并通过其仪表复制被测软件的运行条件。给出了云测试解决方案的架构和各项服务的详细设计;我们还评估它们的相对贡献,以满足测试执行环境中的不同需求。
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引用次数: 3
UCC/BDCAT Tutorial Chairs' Welcome 欢迎UCC/BDCAT教学主席
Yan Tang, Tamara Matthews
The call for tutorials at UCC'19 and BDCAT'19 attracted submissions from Australia and Europe. The tutorial chairs reviewed and accepted two revised tutorials, and decided to award a third spot on a FCFS basis to ensure that conference attendees have access to learning resources across all conference topics.
UCC'19和BDCAT'19的教程征集吸引了来自澳大利亚和欧洲的投稿。教程主席审查并接受了两本修订版教程,并决定在FCFS的基础上授予第三个位置,以确保会议与会者能够访问所有会议主题的学习资源。
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引用次数: 0
SWEEP: Accelerating Scientific Research Through Scalable Serverless Workflows SWEEP:通过可扩展的无服务器工作流加速科学研究
Aji John, Kristiina Ausmees, Kathleen Muenzen, Catherine Kuhn, A. Tan
Scientific and commercial applications are increasingly being executed in the cloud, but the difficulties associated with cluster management render on-demand resources inaccessible or inefficient to many users. Recently, the serverless execution model, in which the provisioning of resources is abstracted from the user, has gained prominence as an alternative to traditional cyberinfrastructure solutions. With its inherent elasticity, the serverless paradigm constitutes a promising computational model for scientific workflows, allowing domain specialists to develop and deploy workflows that are subject to varying workloads and intermittent usage without the overhead of infrastructure maintenance. We present the Serverless Workflow Enablement and Execution Platform (SWEEP), a cloud-agnostic workflow management system with a purely serverless execution model that allows users to define, run and monitor generic cloud-native workflows. We demonstrate the use of SWEEP on workflows from two disparate scientific domains and present an evaluation of performance and scaling.
科学和商业应用程序越来越多地在云中执行,但是与集群管理相关的困难使得许多用户无法访问按需资源或效率低下。最近,无服务器执行模型作为传统网络基础设施解决方案的替代方案获得了突出的地位,其中资源的供应是从用户中抽象出来的。由于其固有的弹性,无服务器范式为科学工作流构成了一个有前途的计算模型,允许领域专家开发和部署受不同工作负载和间歇性使用影响的工作流,而不需要基础设施维护的开销。我们提出了无服务器工作流启用和执行平台(SWEEP),这是一个与云无关的工作流管理系统,具有纯粹的无服务器执行模型,允许用户定义、运行和监控通用的云原生工作流。我们演示了在两个不同的科学领域的工作流上使用SWEEP,并给出了性能和可伸缩性的评估。
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引用次数: 18
CIFS'19 Workshop Chairs' Welcome & Organization CIFS“19届研讨会主席”的欢迎及组织
Josef Spillner, Manar AbuTalib, Q. Nasir, Farhad Khalilnia
It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the first International Workshop on Cloud, IoT and Fog Security - CIFS 2019 collocated with the 12th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing - UCC 2019. Welcome to Auckland! The processing of sensitive information is a cross-cutting topic unimpressed by imaginary system boundaries. In many scenarios, sensors or actors are connected to on-site compute units and fog systems which themselves are connected to clouds. The transmission, processing and storage of information needs to be secured across the entire chain or network, using diverse mechanisms often outside the control of the application developer. This workshop aims to discuss recent advances around holistic security aspects involving availability, integrity, confidentiality, non-repudiability and other guaranteeable properties. With six peer-reviewed research papers and one impulse talk, this workshop combines the most pressing topics on the intersection between distributed systems and (cyber-)security aspects. Two papers investigate the use of blockchains: «Intelligent Price Alert System for Blockchain-based Digital Assets» and «Blockchain as a Trusted Component in Cloud SLA Verification». Intrusion detection and avoidance is the suject of three papers: «MEML: Resource-aware MQTT-based Machine Learning for Network Attacks Detection on IoT Edge Devices», «An Algorithm to Prevent Unauthorised Data Modification using Collaborative Nodes» and «Techniques for Mutual Auditability in a Cloud Environment». Finally, algorithmic aspects of data encoding are covered in «Concurrent Failure Recovery for MSR Regenerating Code via Product Matrix Construction». These papers represent authors from six countries over four continents, and thus a significant glimpse into emerging research around the world. With an impulse talk «Novel Applications of Stealth Computing», the workshop also conveys recent research efforts on holistic combinations of data encoding, dispersal and processing for industrially relevant systems combining connected devices and continuum services from fogs to clouds.
我们非常高兴地欢迎您参加首届云、物联网和雾安全国际研讨会- CIFS 2019,并与第十二届IEEE/ACM公用事业和云计算国际会议- UCC 2019同期举行。欢迎来到奥克兰!敏感信息的处理是一个不受假想系统边界影响的跨领域课题。在许多情况下,传感器或参与者连接到现场计算单元和雾系统,而雾系统本身连接到云。信息的传输、处理和存储需要在整个链或网络中得到保护,使用不同的机制,通常不受应用程序开发人员的控制。本次研讨会旨在讨论整体安全方面的最新进展,包括可用性、完整性、保密性、不可抵赖性和其他可保证属性。六篇同行评审的研究论文和一篇冲动演讲,本次研讨会结合了分布式系统和(网络)安全方面的交叉点上最紧迫的主题。两篇论文研究了区块链的使用:《基于区块链的数字资产的智能价格警报系统》和《区块链作为云SLA验证中的可信组件》。入侵检测和避免是三篇论文的主题:“MEML:用于物联网边缘设备网络攻击检测的基于资源感知mqtt的机器学习”,“使用协作节点防止未经授权数据修改的算法”和“云环境中相互审计的技术”。最后,数据编码的算法方面将在«通过产品矩阵构建MSR再生代码的并发故障恢复»中介绍。这些论文代表了来自四大洲六个国家的作者,因此是对世界各地新兴研究的重要一瞥。在题为“隐形计算的新应用”的演讲中,研讨会还传达了最近的研究成果,即数据编码、分散和处理的整体组合,用于工业相关系统,结合连接设备和从雾到云的连续服务。
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引用次数: 0
The Journey of Cloud Computing with Open Source 云计算之旅与开源
Feilong Wang
Cloud computing is changing from a buzz word to a common technology nowadays. Though there is clarification for cloud computing for three types/layers: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS), generally people talk about IaaS and PaaS when they talking about cloud computing. There are already several giant players, like AWS, Azure and GoogleCloud, in the market and it's a 100+ billions USD market[1],but it's a competitive market and there are new players coming in. And on the other hand, people can see big demand for private cloud as well. In this talk, I'd like to share our journey about building a public cloud with OpenStack[2]. Our journey started since 2014 and the idea incubated even earlier. I will generally cover how we design and implement our cloud from bare metal, to VM, then container/Kubernetes, and the road map targeting to serverless, mainly focus on the current stage, about building a high quality managed Kubernetes service. Recently having gone through the experience of building, implementing and running a Kubernetes platform service in our public cloud, Catalyst Cloud has some interesting experiences and war stories to share about the journey.
如今,云计算正从一个流行词变成一种通用技术。虽然云计算有三种类型/层:基础设施即服务(IaaS)、平台即服务(PaaS)、软件即服务(SaaS),但通常人们在谈论云计算时谈论的是IaaS和PaaS。市场上已经有几家巨头,如AWS、Azure和GoogleCloud,这是一个超过1000亿美元的市场[1],但这是一个竞争激烈的市场,不断有新的参与者进入。另一方面,人们也可以看到对私有云的巨大需求。在这次演讲中,我想分享我们使用OpenStack构建公共云的历程[2]。我们的旅程从2014年开始,这个想法在更早的时候就开始酝酿了。我将大致介绍我们如何设计和实现我们的云,从裸机到VM,然后是容器/Kubernetes,以及以无服务器为目标的路线图,主要关注当前阶段,关于构建高质量的托管Kubernetes服务。最近在我们的公共云中构建、实现和运行Kubernetes平台服务的经历,Catalyst cloud有一些有趣的经历和故事与大家分享。
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引用次数: 1
12th IEEE/ACM International UCC/BDCAT'19 CloudAM'19 Workshop Chairs' Welcome Message & Organization 第十二届IEEE/ACM国际UCC/BDCAT'19 CloudAM'19研讨会主席欢迎辞及组织
L. Bittencourt, B. Schulze, Rafael Tolosana-Calasanz
Welcome to the 8th International Workshop on Cloud and Edge Computing, and Applications Management - CloudAM2019, which will be held in conjunction with the 12th IEEE/ACM Utility and Cloud Computing Conference (UCC) in Auckland, New Zealand, from 2-5 December 2019. CloudAM is a successful series of workshops that bring together practitioners and researchers on current research advances on cloud computing, virtualization technologies and real applications. As it is anticipated that this interest will keep expanding with the emergence of edge computing infrastructures, this 8th edition of CloudAM will also cover the topics of edge and fog computing. Cloud and edge infrastructures can work together to fulfill requirements from a variety of applications, composing the so-called Cloud Continuum to the edge. Furthermore, clouds must provide appropriate levels of performance to large groups of diverse users, and those clouds are accessed through virtualized wide area networks, where edge/fog devices can act as a first layer of computing capacity closer to the user. Management systems are essential for that and thereby for the future success of the fog-cloud hierarchy. New systems, methods, and approaches for cloud and edge computing, virtualization, and applications management are to be discussed at this workshop. In this edition of CloudAM, we received six submissions and we could only accept three of them. On the other hand, another the CloudAM program also includes nine high-quality papers that were submitted to the UCC main track and directed for presentation in the workshop. All papers were reviewed and evaluated based on relevance, quality, and novelty. Overall, a number of 12 contributions, covering a broad number of topics, will be presented and discussed during a one-day workshop.
欢迎参加第八届云计算、边缘计算和应用管理国际研讨会——CloudAM2019,该研讨会将于2019年12月2日至5日在新西兰奥克兰与第十二届IEEE/ACM公用事业和云计算会议(UCC)同时举行。CloudAM是一个成功的系列研讨会,将从业者和研究人员聚集在一起,讨论云计算、虚拟化技术和实际应用的最新研究进展。预计随着边缘计算基础设施的出现,这种兴趣将不断扩大,第8版CloudAM还将涵盖边缘和雾计算的主题。云和边缘基础设施可以协同工作,以满足来自各种应用程序的需求,组成所谓的云连续体到边缘。此外,云必须为大量不同的用户提供适当级别的性能,并且通过虚拟广域网访问这些云,其中边缘/雾设备可以充当靠近用户的第一层计算能力。管理系统对这一点至关重要,因此对雾云层级未来的成功也至关重要。本次研讨会将讨论云计算和边缘计算、虚拟化和应用程序管理的新系统、方法和途径。在这个版本的CloudAM中,我们收到了六份提交,我们只能接受其中的三份。另一方面,另一个CloudAM项目还包括9篇高质量的论文,这些论文已提交给UCC主赛道,并将在研讨会上发表。根据相关性、质量和新颖性对所有论文进行审查和评估。总的来说,在为期一天的研讨会期间,将提出和讨论涵盖广泛主题的12项贡献。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the 12th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing Companion
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