Pub Date : 2002-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10973430208408431
J. Phelan, Rosangely Cruz-rojas, M. Reiff
Abstract An increased emphasis on biological causes of mental illness has been viewed as having the potential to significantly reduce stigma. From this perspective, the current genetics revolution can be seen as a source of hope with regard to reducing stigma. However, theory and empirical research suggest that biological attributions may have complex effects for stigma, reducing it along some dimensions while magnifying it along others. In a sample of 56 residents of New York City and Los Angeles, we assess the relationship between respondents' belief that schizophrenia (as described in a vignette) is influenced by genetic factors and several stigma-related beliefs and attitudes about the vignette subject. We find that respondents who believe the problem may be influenced by genetics are less likely to think the person did anything to cause the problem but also less likely to think the person can improve with appropriate help and more likely to think other family members may develop the same problem. These results suggest that the genetics revolution may have both positive and negative effects for the stigma of mental illness as it affects both ill individuals and their families. We suggest that it is important to attend to these effects because, at the present time, when genetic knowledge is accruing rapidly and the cultural response to these advances is evolving in turn, we may have an unusual opportunity to influence the public interpretation of and reaction to this knowledge in a way that will reduce rather than exacerbate the stigma of mental illness.
{"title":"Genes and Stigma: The Connection Between Perceived Genetic Etiology and Attitudes and Beliefs About Mental Illness","authors":"J. Phelan, Rosangely Cruz-rojas, M. Reiff","doi":"10.1080/10973430208408431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10973430208408431","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An increased emphasis on biological causes of mental illness has been viewed as having the potential to significantly reduce stigma. From this perspective, the current genetics revolution can be seen as a source of hope with regard to reducing stigma. However, theory and empirical research suggest that biological attributions may have complex effects for stigma, reducing it along some dimensions while magnifying it along others. In a sample of 56 residents of New York City and Los Angeles, we assess the relationship between respondents' belief that schizophrenia (as described in a vignette) is influenced by genetic factors and several stigma-related beliefs and attitudes about the vignette subject. We find that respondents who believe the problem may be influenced by genetics are less likely to think the person did anything to cause the problem but also less likely to think the person can improve with appropriate help and more likely to think other family members may develop the same problem. These results suggest that the genetics revolution may have both positive and negative effects for the stigma of mental illness as it affects both ill individuals and their families. We suggest that it is important to attend to these effects because, at the present time, when genetic knowledge is accruing rapidly and the cultural response to these advances is evolving in turn, we may have an unusual opportunity to influence the public interpretation of and reaction to this knowledge in a way that will reduce rather than exacerbate the stigma of mental illness.","PeriodicalId":166369,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129462577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10973430208408432
F. Dickerson, J. Sommerville, A. Origoni
Abstract A sample of 100 persons with serious mental illness receiving community services were interviewed to determine their experiences of mental illness stigma. The most frequently cited sources of stigma were employers and supervisors, family members, mental health caregivers, and persons in the community at large. The most common types of stigma responses which respondents reported receiving from others were a view of the person as incompetent and a lack of acceptance or understanding about mental illness. Offensive comments about mental illness and a fear of the person's potential danger were also cited. Results are discussed in the context of psychiatric rehabilitation practice. Specific anti-stigma interventions are needed to facilitate rehabilitation goals of skill development, community integration, and recovery.
{"title":"Mental Illness Stigma: An Impediment to Psychiatric Rehabilitation","authors":"F. Dickerson, J. Sommerville, A. Origoni","doi":"10.1080/10973430208408432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10973430208408432","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A sample of 100 persons with serious mental illness receiving community services were interviewed to determine their experiences of mental illness stigma. The most frequently cited sources of stigma were employers and supervisors, family members, mental health caregivers, and persons in the community at large. The most common types of stigma responses which respondents reported receiving from others were a view of the person as incompetent and a lack of acceptance or understanding about mental illness. Offensive comments about mental illness and a fear of the person's potential danger were also cited. Results are discussed in the context of psychiatric rehabilitation practice. Specific anti-stigma interventions are needed to facilitate rehabilitation goals of skill development, community integration, and recovery.","PeriodicalId":166369,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills","volume":"338 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122761096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10973430208408427
Abstract This is a scanned image of the original Editorial Board page(s) for this issue.
这是本刊编辑委员会原始页面的扫描图像。
{"title":"Editorial board page for “Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills”, Volume 6, Number 2","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/10973430208408427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10973430208408427","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This is a scanned image of the original Editorial Board page(s) for this issue.","PeriodicalId":166369,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129317298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10973430208408428
R. Lundin
{"title":"The Power of Words: An Interview with Harold Maio","authors":"R. Lundin","doi":"10.1080/10973430208408428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10973430208408428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":166369,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127898309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10973430208408430
O. Wahl
Abstract This paper reviews research since 1980 on children's knowledge of and attitudes toward mental illness. This research has involved many different methods, including use of vignettes, projective drawings, storytelling, and direct questioning. Findings suggest that younger children do have clear knowledge of what mental illness is and that their understanding becomes more sophisticated as they age. At the same time, however, even younger children have been found to view people with mental illnesses more negatively than they do other groups. A small literature on depiction of mental illnesses in children's media revealed negative portrayals that may contribute to children's attitudes. Numerous limitations of the research are described and further research is urged, with attention recommended to issues such as the impact of language in designating someone as having a mental health problem, possible differing reactions to peers and adults, and incorporation of the perspectives of children with mental disorders.
{"title":"Children's Views of Mental Illness: A Review of the Literature","authors":"O. Wahl","doi":"10.1080/10973430208408430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10973430208408430","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper reviews research since 1980 on children's knowledge of and attitudes toward mental illness. This research has involved many different methods, including use of vignettes, projective drawings, storytelling, and direct questioning. Findings suggest that younger children do have clear knowledge of what mental illness is and that their understanding becomes more sophisticated as they age. At the same time, however, even younger children have been found to view people with mental illnesses more negatively than they do other groups. A small literature on depiction of mental illnesses in children's media revealed negative portrayals that may contribute to children's attitudes. Numerous limitations of the research are described and further research is urged, with attention recommended to issues such as the impact of language in designating someone as having a mental health problem, possible differing reactions to peers and adults, and incorporation of the perspectives of children with mental disorders.","PeriodicalId":166369,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132829063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10973430208408435
D. Penn, Bruce G. Link
Abstract In this study, we investigated whether “fact sheets,” which summarize the relationship between schizophrenia and violent behavior, can reduce stigma toward actual persons with schizophrenia. We also investigated whether laboratory-induced contact, in the form of repeated videotape presentation of a person with schizophrenia, could also impact stigma. Finally, we examined whether the role of laboratory-induced contact and factual information would have a stronger effect on stigma toward males with schizophrenia relative to females with schizophrenia. Two hundred and fifteen undergraduate students were randomly assigned to three variables: Information about schizophrenia (label only; basic information about the disorder; information about the violence rates of schizophrenia compared to other disorders); Contact (watching a videotape of a person with schizophrenia once or twice); and Target Gender (viewing either a male or female with schizophrenia). Participants also completed a battery of stigma measures. The results showed a significant effect for only Target Gender; participants rated the female with schizophrenia more negatively than the male with schizophrenia. However, when differences in social behaviors were considered, this pattern was reversed. Finally, male participants tended to be more stigmatizing in their ratings than female participants were.
{"title":"Dispelling the Stigma of Schizophrenia, III: The Role of Target Gender, Laboratory-Induced Contact, and Factual Information","authors":"D. Penn, Bruce G. Link","doi":"10.1080/10973430208408435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10973430208408435","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, we investigated whether “fact sheets,” which summarize the relationship between schizophrenia and violent behavior, can reduce stigma toward actual persons with schizophrenia. We also investigated whether laboratory-induced contact, in the form of repeated videotape presentation of a person with schizophrenia, could also impact stigma. Finally, we examined whether the role of laboratory-induced contact and factual information would have a stronger effect on stigma toward males with schizophrenia relative to females with schizophrenia. Two hundred and fifteen undergraduate students were randomly assigned to three variables: Information about schizophrenia (label only; basic information about the disorder; information about the violence rates of schizophrenia compared to other disorders); Contact (watching a videotape of a person with schizophrenia once or twice); and Target Gender (viewing either a male or female with schizophrenia). Participants also completed a battery of stigma measures. The results showed a significant effect for only Target Gender; participants rated the female with schizophrenia more negatively than the male with schizophrenia. However, when differences in social behaviors were considered, this pattern was reversed. Finally, male participants tended to be more stigmatizing in their ratings than female participants were.","PeriodicalId":166369,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills","volume":"06 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127178661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10973430208408436
J. Calabrese
Abstract by Elyn R. Saks. 2002. The University of Chicago Press Chicago, Illinois 304 pages, Cloth $35.00
摘要作者:Elyn R. Saks, 2002。芝加哥大学出版社，伊利诺斯州芝加哥304页，布$35.00
{"title":"A Book Review of “Refusing Care: Forced Treatment and the Rights of the Mentally Ill”","authors":"J. Calabrese","doi":"10.1080/10973430208408436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10973430208408436","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract by Elyn R. Saks. 2002. The University of Chicago Press Chicago, Illinois 304 pages, Cloth $35.00","PeriodicalId":166369,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120997615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10973430208408429
D. Penn
{"title":"Stigma and Severe Mental Illness: Introduction to the Special Series","authors":"D. Penn","doi":"10.1080/10973430208408429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10973430208408429","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":166369,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130314495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10973430208408433
Bruce G. Link, E. Struening, S. Neese-Todd, S. Asmussen, J. Phelan
Abstract The stigma of mental illness has been shown to be a strong negative feature in the lives of many people with mental illnesses and their families. As a consequence it makes sense to undertake efforts to reduce the negative impact of stigma on the lives of people who experience it. In keeping with this idea we set out to develop and evaluate an intervention designed to encourage successful coping with stigma. Specifically, we constructed measures designed to assess the experience of stigma and to develop a pilot intervention designed to interrupt some of the negative consequences of stigma. To achieve this goal we studied people attending a clubhouse program, randomly assigning participants to intervention and control groups in the context of pretest-postest design. In a unique feature we also followed up the participants two year following the pre-test when all participants had the opportunity to experience the intervention. We found that people perceive and experience stigma and that these perceptions and experiences are associated low self-esteem and depressive symptoms. However, we found little evidence to suggest that the pilot intervention we mounted had a positive impact on any of the stigma measures we assessed, or on self-esteem or depressive symptoms. Our study contributes to the literature on stigma by providing refined measurement of the stigma experience but fails in terms of changing that experience in a manner that can be detected with our measures. The challenge of mounting efforts to reduce the consequences of stigma remains pressing.
{"title":"On Describing and Seeking to Change the Experience of Stigma","authors":"Bruce G. Link, E. Struening, S. Neese-Todd, S. Asmussen, J. Phelan","doi":"10.1080/10973430208408433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10973430208408433","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The stigma of mental illness has been shown to be a strong negative feature in the lives of many people with mental illnesses and their families. As a consequence it makes sense to undertake efforts to reduce the negative impact of stigma on the lives of people who experience it. In keeping with this idea we set out to develop and evaluate an intervention designed to encourage successful coping with stigma. Specifically, we constructed measures designed to assess the experience of stigma and to develop a pilot intervention designed to interrupt some of the negative consequences of stigma. To achieve this goal we studied people attending a clubhouse program, randomly assigning participants to intervention and control groups in the context of pretest-postest design. In a unique feature we also followed up the participants two year following the pre-test when all participants had the opportunity to experience the intervention. We found that people perceive and experience stigma and that these perceptions and experiences are associated low self-esteem and depressive symptoms. However, we found little evidence to suggest that the pilot intervention we mounted had a positive impact on any of the stigma measures we assessed, or on self-esteem or depressive symptoms. Our study contributes to the literature on stigma by providing refined measurement of the stigma experience but fails in terms of changing that experience in a manner that can be detected with our measures. The challenge of mounting efforts to reduce the consequences of stigma remains pressing.","PeriodicalId":166369,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115276251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-01DOI: 10.1080/10973430208408434
P. Corrigan
Abstract Social cognitive models of stigma define the relationship among: signals that suggest a person is mentally ill, stigmatizing attitudes about the person with mental illness, affective reactions to the stigmatizing attitude, and behavior responses to these attitudes and emotions. The Prairie State Stigma Studies were a set of investigations completed over the past five years examining stigma from the perspective of the general public. Several of the studies examined path models that explain the relationship between stigmatizing attitudes and discriminatory behavior. Among the many results was the finding that stigmatizing attitudes about dangerousness were especially problematic, leading to fear and avoidance of persons with mental illness. The studies also examined ways to change stigmatizing attitudes and corresponding behaviors. Results suggested that contact with persons who are challenged by psychiatric disabilities has a broad and positive effect on public stigma. Future directions for research on social cognitive models of stigma are discussed.
{"title":"Testing Social Cognitive Models of Mental Illness Stigma: The Prairie State Stigma Studies","authors":"P. Corrigan","doi":"10.1080/10973430208408434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10973430208408434","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Social cognitive models of stigma define the relationship among: signals that suggest a person is mentally ill, stigmatizing attitudes about the person with mental illness, affective reactions to the stigmatizing attitude, and behavior responses to these attitudes and emotions. The Prairie State Stigma Studies were a set of investigations completed over the past five years examining stigma from the perspective of the general public. Several of the studies examined path models that explain the relationship between stigmatizing attitudes and discriminatory behavior. Among the many results was the finding that stigmatizing attitudes about dangerousness were especially problematic, leading to fear and avoidance of persons with mental illness. The studies also examined ways to change stigmatizing attitudes and corresponding behaviors. Results suggested that contact with persons who are challenged by psychiatric disabilities has a broad and positive effect on public stigma. Future directions for research on social cognitive models of stigma are discussed.","PeriodicalId":166369,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127804886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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