Abstract Neonatal subcutaneous emphysema is a very rare complication of endotracheal intubation or surgery; however, only a few cases of spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema were reported in a neonate. The patient presented in respiratory distress with a low SaO2; however, no clinical signs of subcutaneous emphysema were seen. An initial chest radiograph was negative for subcutaneous emphysema. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was started to manage the respiratory distress, and subcutaneous emphysema spontaneously developed. Discontinuation of nasal CPAP with close monitoring eventually resolved the subcutaneous emphysema. Recognition of rare complications due to nasal CPAP may provide physicians with more insight to intervene and provide patients with proper care.
{"title":"Spontaneous neonatal subcutaneous emphysema: analysis of neonatal management","authors":"Abraham M. Quader, C. Sussman","doi":"10.1515/jom-2022-0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jom-2022-0050","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Neonatal subcutaneous emphysema is a very rare complication of endotracheal intubation or surgery; however, only a few cases of spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema were reported in a neonate. The patient presented in respiratory distress with a low SaO2; however, no clinical signs of subcutaneous emphysema were seen. An initial chest radiograph was negative for subcutaneous emphysema. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was started to manage the respiratory distress, and subcutaneous emphysema spontaneously developed. Discontinuation of nasal CPAP with close monitoring eventually resolved the subcutaneous emphysema. Recognition of rare complications due to nasal CPAP may provide physicians with more insight to intervene and provide patients with proper care.","PeriodicalId":16639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":"73 1","pages":"465 - 467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90485160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response to “Further insight on AOA ophthalmology residency program closure data”","authors":"Harris Ahmed, Kim-Mai Vo, Wayne Robbins","doi":"10.1515/jom-2022-0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jom-2022-0102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":"62 1","pages":"491 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85227976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mattia Cella, Eric Acella, Alessandro Aquino, Viviana Pisa
Abstract Context Osteopathic tradition in the cranial field (OCF) stated that the primary respiratory mechanism (PRM) relies on the anatomical links between the occiput and sacrum. Few studies investigated this relationship with inconsistent results. No studies investigated the occiput–sacrum connection from a neurophysiological perspective. Objectives This study aims to determine whether the sacral technique (ST), compared to the compression of the fourth ventricle (CV4) technique, can affect brain alpha-band power (AABP) as an indicator of a neurophysiological connection between the occiput and sacrum. Methods Healthy students, 22–30 years old for men and 20–30 years old for women, were enrolled in the study and randomized into eight interventions groups. Each group received a combination of active techniques (CV4 or ST) and the corresponding sham techniques (sham compression of the fourth ventricle [sCV4] or sham sacral technique [sST] ), organized in two experimental sessions divided by a 4 h washout period. AABP was continuously recorded by electroencephalogram (EEG) of the occipital area in the first 10 min of resting state, during each intervention (active technique time) and after 10 min (post-active technique time), for a total of approximately 50 min per session. Analysis was carried out utilizing a repeated-measure ANOVA within the linear general model framework, consisting of a within-subject factor of time and a within-subject factor of treatment (CV4/ST). Results Forty healthy volunteers (mean age ± SD, 23.73±1.43 years; range, 21–26 years; 16 male and 24 female) were enrolled in the study and completed the study protocol. ANOVA revealed a time × treatment interaction effect statistically significant (F=791.4; p<0.001). A particularly high increase in mean AABP magnitude was recorded during the 10 min post-CV4, compared to both the CV4 and post-sCV4 application (p<0.001). During all the times analyzed for ST and sST application, no statistically significant differences were registered with respect to the resting state. Conclusions The ST does not produce immediate changes on occipital AABP brain activity. CV4, as previous evidence supported, generates immediate effects, suggesting that a different biological basis for OCF therapy’s connection between the head and sacrum should be explored.
{"title":"Cranial osteopathic techniques and electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha power: a controlled crossover trial","authors":"Mattia Cella, Eric Acella, Alessandro Aquino, Viviana Pisa","doi":"10.1515/jom-2021-0257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jom-2021-0257","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Context Osteopathic tradition in the cranial field (OCF) stated that the primary respiratory mechanism (PRM) relies on the anatomical links between the occiput and sacrum. Few studies investigated this relationship with inconsistent results. No studies investigated the occiput–sacrum connection from a neurophysiological perspective. Objectives This study aims to determine whether the sacral technique (ST), compared to the compression of the fourth ventricle (CV4) technique, can affect brain alpha-band power (AABP) as an indicator of a neurophysiological connection between the occiput and sacrum. Methods Healthy students, 22–30 years old for men and 20–30 years old for women, were enrolled in the study and randomized into eight interventions groups. Each group received a combination of active techniques (CV4 or ST) and the corresponding sham techniques (sham compression of the fourth ventricle [sCV4] or sham sacral technique [sST] ), organized in two experimental sessions divided by a 4 h washout period. AABP was continuously recorded by electroencephalogram (EEG) of the occipital area in the first 10 min of resting state, during each intervention (active technique time) and after 10 min (post-active technique time), for a total of approximately 50 min per session. Analysis was carried out utilizing a repeated-measure ANOVA within the linear general model framework, consisting of a within-subject factor of time and a within-subject factor of treatment (CV4/ST). Results Forty healthy volunteers (mean age ± SD, 23.73±1.43 years; range, 21–26 years; 16 male and 24 female) were enrolled in the study and completed the study protocol. ANOVA revealed a time × treatment interaction effect statistically significant (F=791.4; p<0.001). A particularly high increase in mean AABP magnitude was recorded during the 10 min post-CV4, compared to both the CV4 and post-sCV4 application (p<0.001). During all the times analyzed for ST and sST application, no statistically significant differences were registered with respect to the resting state. Conclusions The ST does not produce immediate changes on occipital AABP brain activity. CV4, as previous evidence supported, generates immediate effects, suggesting that a different biological basis for OCF therapy’s connection between the head and sacrum should be explored.","PeriodicalId":16639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":"401 - 409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83360362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin T Bradshaw, Steven P. Gawrys, Westin J. Wong, Lawsen M. Parker
{"title":"Further insight on AOA ophthalmology residency program closure data","authors":"Justin T Bradshaw, Steven P. Gawrys, Westin J. Wong, Lawsen M. Parker","doi":"10.1515/jom-2022-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jom-2022-0042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"489 - 490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80523271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Gimpel, Jennifer L Swails, J. Bienstock, Grant L Lin, M. Roett, Juhee K. Patel, Daniel Giang
Abstract The Coalition for Physician Accountability’s Undergraduate Medical Education-Graduate Medical Education (UME-GME) Review Committee (UGRC): Recommendations for Comprehensive Improvement of the UME-GME Transition final report includes a total of 34 recommendations and outlines opportunities to transform the current processes of learner transition from a US-based MD- or DO-granting medical school or international medical education pathway into residency training in the United States. This review provides a reflection on the recommendations from the authors, all members of the UGRC, describing the pros and cons and the opportunities and limitations, in the hopes that they might inspire readers to dig deeper into the report and contribute to meaningful improvements to the current transition. The UGRC Recommendations highlight the many opportunities for improvement in the UME-to-GME transition. They are built on the connection to the system of education and formation of physicians to a more just healthcare system, with attention to diversity, equity, and inclusion to improve health disparities and to the quality of care that patients receive. However, there are justifiable concerns about changes that are not fully understood or that could potentially lead to unintentional consequences. This analysis, reached through author consensus, considers the pros and cons in the potential application of the UGRC Recommendations to improve the UME-to-GME transition. Further debate and discussion are warranted, without undue delay, all with the intention to continue to improve the education of tomorrow’s physicians and the care for the patients who we have the privilege to serve.
{"title":"UGRC 2021 recommendations on GME transition: pros and cons, opportunities and limitations","authors":"J. Gimpel, Jennifer L Swails, J. Bienstock, Grant L Lin, M. Roett, Juhee K. Patel, Daniel Giang","doi":"10.1515/jom-2021-0285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jom-2021-0285","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Coalition for Physician Accountability’s Undergraduate Medical Education-Graduate Medical Education (UME-GME) Review Committee (UGRC): Recommendations for Comprehensive Improvement of the UME-GME Transition final report includes a total of 34 recommendations and outlines opportunities to transform the current processes of learner transition from a US-based MD- or DO-granting medical school or international medical education pathway into residency training in the United States. This review provides a reflection on the recommendations from the authors, all members of the UGRC, describing the pros and cons and the opportunities and limitations, in the hopes that they might inspire readers to dig deeper into the report and contribute to meaningful improvements to the current transition. The UGRC Recommendations highlight the many opportunities for improvement in the UME-to-GME transition. They are built on the connection to the system of education and formation of physicians to a more just healthcare system, with attention to diversity, equity, and inclusion to improve health disparities and to the quality of care that patients receive. However, there are justifiable concerns about changes that are not fully understood or that could potentially lead to unintentional consequences. This analysis, reached through author consensus, considers the pros and cons in the potential application of the UGRC Recommendations to improve the UME-to-GME transition. Further debate and discussion are warranted, without undue delay, all with the intention to continue to improve the education of tomorrow’s physicians and the care for the patients who we have the privilege to serve.","PeriodicalId":16639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":"101 1","pages":"461 - 464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84252122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has severely ravaged the world since the end of 2019. Although most cases range from mild to severe with primarily respiratory symptoms, there have been some unusual clinical presentations, one of which is described in this case report. A 30 year-old woman with no significant medical history presented to the emergency department (ED) in October 2020 with sudden onset of severe left upper and lower abdominal pain. Her initial triaged blood pressure was 70 mmHg systolic, associated with mild tachycardia. Her beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) was negative, and her initial hemoglobin was 9.3 g/dL. A bedside ultrasound (US) was immediately performed, which showed moderate free fluid in the pelvis as well as in the right and left upper quadrants of the abdomen. She was stabilized with a fluid bolus and later underwent a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis, which showed an apparent grade III splenic laceration without active extravasation. The patient underwent a successful embolization procedure by interventional radiology (IR) and was discharged from the hospital 2 days later. The initial medical workup included a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) COVID-19 test but included no other findings that could serve as a cause for her spleen to spontaneously rupture. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate and make other clinicians aware of unusual potential complications and clinical presentations of COVID-19. The condition of spontaneous splenic rupture (SSR) is an uncommon but an emergent differential diagnosis in an otherwise healthy person with potential drastic outcomes. A careful approach in the management and care of these patients is warranted. This is one of a handful of case reports on SSR secondary to COVID-19 to the best of our knowledge.
{"title":"Atraumatic spontaneous splenic rupture in a female COVID-19 patient","authors":"M. T. Melamed, Jake L. Gigliotti","doi":"10.1515/jom-2021-0291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jom-2021-0291","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has severely ravaged the world since the end of 2019. Although most cases range from mild to severe with primarily respiratory symptoms, there have been some unusual clinical presentations, one of which is described in this case report. A 30 year-old woman with no significant medical history presented to the emergency department (ED) in October 2020 with sudden onset of severe left upper and lower abdominal pain. Her initial triaged blood pressure was 70 mmHg systolic, associated with mild tachycardia. Her beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) was negative, and her initial hemoglobin was 9.3 g/dL. A bedside ultrasound (US) was immediately performed, which showed moderate free fluid in the pelvis as well as in the right and left upper quadrants of the abdomen. She was stabilized with a fluid bolus and later underwent a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis, which showed an apparent grade III splenic laceration without active extravasation. The patient underwent a successful embolization procedure by interventional radiology (IR) and was discharged from the hospital 2 days later. The initial medical workup included a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) COVID-19 test but included no other findings that could serve as a cause for her spleen to spontaneously rupture. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate and make other clinicians aware of unusual potential complications and clinical presentations of COVID-19. The condition of spontaneous splenic rupture (SSR) is an uncommon but an emergent differential diagnosis in an otherwise healthy person with potential drastic outcomes. A careful approach in the management and care of these patients is warranted. This is one of a handful of case reports on SSR secondary to COVID-19 to the best of our knowledge.","PeriodicalId":16639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":"481 - 485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86853382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response to “Lymphatic osteopathic manipulative treatment and soreness after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine”","authors":"S. Marshall","doi":"10.1515/jom-2022-0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jom-2022-0072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":"81 1","pages":"443 - 444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89661465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stacy Chelf, Robert E Davis, M. Bass, M. Ford, Ali D. Firouzabadi, Jonathan T. Leo, V. Nahar
Abstract Context The most common skeletal disease, osteoporosis, causes bone fragility due to decreased bone mass and bone microarchitecture destruction. The health belief model is often applied to asymptomatic, prevention-related diseases such as osteoporosis. Steps to mitigate the insidious nature of osteoporosis, including education, motivation, and monitoring of bone mineral density, must begin at an earlier age. Objectives This study evaluates the knowledge and health beliefs surrounding osteoporosis in a population of males and females 35–50 years old to determine sex-based differences in osteoporosis knowledge and beliefs and to assess the correlation between perceptions and health motivation. Methods Participants (81 males, 92 females) completed two questionnaires: the Osteoporosis Knowledge Test and the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale. Descriptive statistics were performed along with Pearson product-moment correlation analysis to determine the relationships between the variables. Sex-based differences were calculated utilizing independent t-tests. Results We discovered a statistically significant negative correlation between the barriers to exercise and health motivation (−0.434, p < 0.001) and a statistically significant positive correlation between the benefits of exercise and health motivation (0.385, p < 0.001). However, there was not a statistically significant correlation between health motivation with the following: the benefits of calcium, susceptibility, and the seriousness of osteoporosis. Between males and females, there was a statistically significant difference in exercise and calcium knowledge, susceptibility, and the benefits of both exercise and calcium (p < 0.05). Conclusions Males and females 35–50 years old perceive themselves to have a low susceptibility to osteoporosis. They do not consider osteoporosis a serious disease and have little motivation to mitigate its inception or progression. Their perceptions show that barriers to exercise impact health motivation more than the perceived benefits of exercise.
{"title":"Osteoporosis knowledge and health beliefs among middle-aged men and women in the Southern United States","authors":"Stacy Chelf, Robert E Davis, M. Bass, M. Ford, Ali D. Firouzabadi, Jonathan T. Leo, V. Nahar","doi":"10.1515/jom-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jom-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Context The most common skeletal disease, osteoporosis, causes bone fragility due to decreased bone mass and bone microarchitecture destruction. The health belief model is often applied to asymptomatic, prevention-related diseases such as osteoporosis. Steps to mitigate the insidious nature of osteoporosis, including education, motivation, and monitoring of bone mineral density, must begin at an earlier age. Objectives This study evaluates the knowledge and health beliefs surrounding osteoporosis in a population of males and females 35–50 years old to determine sex-based differences in osteoporosis knowledge and beliefs and to assess the correlation between perceptions and health motivation. Methods Participants (81 males, 92 females) completed two questionnaires: the Osteoporosis Knowledge Test and the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale. Descriptive statistics were performed along with Pearson product-moment correlation analysis to determine the relationships between the variables. Sex-based differences were calculated utilizing independent t-tests. Results We discovered a statistically significant negative correlation between the barriers to exercise and health motivation (−0.434, p < 0.001) and a statistically significant positive correlation between the benefits of exercise and health motivation (0.385, p < 0.001). However, there was not a statistically significant correlation between health motivation with the following: the benefits of calcium, susceptibility, and the seriousness of osteoporosis. Between males and females, there was a statistically significant difference in exercise and calcium knowledge, susceptibility, and the benefits of both exercise and calcium (p < 0.05). Conclusions Males and females 35–50 years old perceive themselves to have a low susceptibility to osteoporosis. They do not consider osteoporosis a serious disease and have little motivation to mitigate its inception or progression. Their perceptions show that barriers to exercise impact health motivation more than the perceived benefits of exercise.","PeriodicalId":16639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":"47 1","pages":"453 - 459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75698456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Context Race is a social construct, not a biological or genetic construct, utilized to categorize people based on observable traits, behaviors, and geographic location. Findings from the Human Genome Project demonstrated that humans share 99.9% of their DNA; despite this evidence, race is frequently utilized as a risk factor for diagnosis and prescribing practices. Diagnosing and treating people based on race is known as race-based medicine. Race-based medicine perpetuates biases and diverts attention and resources from the social determinants of health that cause racial health inequities. Minimal research has examined medical students’ understanding of race-based medicine. Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess osteopathic medical students’ knowledge, beliefs, and experiences with race-based medicine. Methods We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional survey study to assess osteopathic medical students’ knowledge, beliefs, and experiences with race-based medicine. An electronic, anonymous survey was distributed to all osteopathic medical students enrolled at a medical school in the Midwest with three campuses during the 2019–2020 academic year. Participants completed a brief demographic questionnaire and the Race-Based Medicine Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted utilizing SPSS statistical software version 28.0, and statistical significance was defined as a p<0.05. Open-ended questions were analyzed utilizing content and thematic analyses. Results A total of 438 of the 995 osteopathic medical students consented to participate in the study, for a response rate of 44.0%. Among those participants, 221 (52.0%) reported that they had heard of the term “race-based medicine.” Familiarity with the term differed by racial background (χ [2] = 24.598, p<0.001), with Black or African American participants indicating greater familiarity with the term compared to all other races. Of the participants familiar with race-based medicine, 79 (44.4%) provided the correct definition for the term; this finding did not differ by any sociodemographic variable. Part of the way through the questionnaire, all participants were provided the correct definition of “race-based medicine” and asked if they thought medical schools should teach race-based medicine. The majority of participants (n=231, 61.4%) supported the teaching of race-based medicine. Qualitative findings elaborated on participants’ support or opposition for teaching race-based medicine in medical school. Those in support explained the importance of teaching historical perspectives of race-based medicine as well as race as a data point in epidemiology and its presence on board examinations, whereas those in opposition believed it contradicted osteopathic principles and practice. Conclusions Findings showed half of the participants were familiar with race-based medicine, and among those, less than half knew the definition of the term. Highlighting osteopath
{"title":"Osteopathic medical students’ understanding of race-based medicine","authors":"Morgan Jivens, I. Okafor, E. Beverly","doi":"10.1515/jom-2021-0228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jom-2021-0228","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Context Race is a social construct, not a biological or genetic construct, utilized to categorize people based on observable traits, behaviors, and geographic location. Findings from the Human Genome Project demonstrated that humans share 99.9% of their DNA; despite this evidence, race is frequently utilized as a risk factor for diagnosis and prescribing practices. Diagnosing and treating people based on race is known as race-based medicine. Race-based medicine perpetuates biases and diverts attention and resources from the social determinants of health that cause racial health inequities. Minimal research has examined medical students’ understanding of race-based medicine. Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess osteopathic medical students’ knowledge, beliefs, and experiences with race-based medicine. Methods We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional survey study to assess osteopathic medical students’ knowledge, beliefs, and experiences with race-based medicine. An electronic, anonymous survey was distributed to all osteopathic medical students enrolled at a medical school in the Midwest with three campuses during the 2019–2020 academic year. Participants completed a brief demographic questionnaire and the Race-Based Medicine Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted utilizing SPSS statistical software version 28.0, and statistical significance was defined as a p<0.05. Open-ended questions were analyzed utilizing content and thematic analyses. Results A total of 438 of the 995 osteopathic medical students consented to participate in the study, for a response rate of 44.0%. Among those participants, 221 (52.0%) reported that they had heard of the term “race-based medicine.” Familiarity with the term differed by racial background (χ [2] = 24.598, p<0.001), with Black or African American participants indicating greater familiarity with the term compared to all other races. Of the participants familiar with race-based medicine, 79 (44.4%) provided the correct definition for the term; this finding did not differ by any sociodemographic variable. Part of the way through the questionnaire, all participants were provided the correct definition of “race-based medicine” and asked if they thought medical schools should teach race-based medicine. The majority of participants (n=231, 61.4%) supported the teaching of race-based medicine. Qualitative findings elaborated on participants’ support or opposition for teaching race-based medicine in medical school. Those in support explained the importance of teaching historical perspectives of race-based medicine as well as race as a data point in epidemiology and its presence on board examinations, whereas those in opposition believed it contradicted osteopathic principles and practice. Conclusions Findings showed half of the participants were familiar with race-based medicine, and among those, less than half knew the definition of the term. Highlighting osteopath","PeriodicalId":16639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":"379 1","pages":"277 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80654082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proposed Amendments to the AOA Constitution.","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/jom-2000-0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jom-2000-0000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16639,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":"275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76147784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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