Journal of Pancreatic Cancer最新文献

Background: A new mass in the remnant pancreas of a patient with previously resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) typically represents either a recurrence of the initial primary tumor or a second primary tumor. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) strategies allow us to compare the genetic makeup of primary and secondary lesions. Case presentation: A 50-year-old Caucasian female presented for a surgical evaluation of a new biopsy-proven PDA at the junction of the body and tail of the pancreas. Six years prior, in 2011, the patient was found to have a T3N0M0 PDA of the pancreatic head, which was surgically resected with a classic Whipple procedure and concurrent hemicolectomy. Pathology showed pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and PDA with negative surgical margins, positive perineural spread, and negative lymphovascular spread, and the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and local radiation. In 2017, she was diagnosed with a new PDA lesion in the remaining pancreatic body far from the previous anastomosis site and was taken to surgery for a completion pancreatectomy and revision of the gastrojejunostomy. NGS was performed on both specimens. Both lesions shared identical mutations in KRAS, TP53, and CDKN2A genes. Amplifications of MYC and mutant KRAS were identified in the 2017 tumor and an ACVR1B mutation was identified in the 2011 tumor, but was not found in the 2017 tumor. Conclusions: This case demonstrates the ability to evaluate similarities between key genetic drivers from a resected primary tumor and a PDA lesion that presented in the same patient 6 years later. Histological analysis and NGS can be used to understand potential differences and similarities between lesions and may be useful in future studies as predictive markers or to provide insight into resistance mechanisms (e.g., MYC amplification).

Purpose: To evaluate the overall survival of patients with oligometastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC; metastatic tumor <4 cm, ≤2 metastatic tumors total) receiving neoadjuvant therapy, metastasectomy and/or ablation, and primary tumor resection. Methods: We performed a case-control study from January 2005 to December 2015. Patients who underwent curative-intent surgery combined modality therapy (M1 surgery group; 6 [14%], tumor [T]3, node [N]1, and oligo-metastases [M]1) were matched 1 to 3 based on TN stage with two control groups (M0 surgery and M1 no surgery). The M0 surgery group (18 [43%], T3, N1, and M0) included patients without metastases who underwent resection. The M1 no surgery group (18 [43%], T3, N1, and M1) included patients with metastatic PDAC who received palliative chemotherapy without surgical resection. Results: Median overall survival in the M1 surgery, M0 surgery, and M1 no surgery groups was 2.7 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-3.69), 2.02 years (95% CI, 0.98-3.05), and 0.98 years (95% CI, 0.55-1.25), respectively. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status was associated with survival (p = 0.01) after univariate analysis. After adjusting for ECOG status, multivariate analysis showed M1 surgery patients had improved survival compared with M1 no surgery patients and similar survival to M0 surgery patients. Conclusion: Multimodal therapy benefitted our M1 surgery patients. A larger, prospective study of this multidisciplinary management strategy is currently under way.

Background and Aim: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle biopsy (FNB) and fine needle aspiration (FNA) are established methods in tissue acquisition. A new fork-tip FNB needle has been used to obtain core tissue samples. We compared the performance of the FNB using fork-tip needles with that of the FNA using conventional needles in patients who had solid neoplastic lesions within and around the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, patients who underwent EUS examinations for solid neoplastic lesions between October 2013 and February 2017 were included. The procedures were performed in the absence of an on-site cytologist. The main objectives were to compare the diagnostic yield and average number of passes of FNB using fork-tip needles versus those of FNA using conventional needles. Results: EUS/FNA and EUS/FNB were performed on 181 solid neoplastic lesions primarily in the pancreas and GI tract walls. There was no significant difference in patient's age, gender, tumor location, or tumor size. The mean number of needle passes was significantly lower in the fork-tip needle group than in the conventional needle group (3.8 vs. 5.9; p < 0.0001). There was a trend toward higher sensitivity (89.9% vs. 81%) using the fork-tip needles than when using the conventional needles (p = 0.119). No significant difference in rates of adverse events between two groups was found. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that, compared with FNA using conventional needles, FNB using fork-tip needles required significantly fewer needle passes while achieving a relatively higher diagnostic yield due to its superior capacity in tissue acquisition from solid neoplastic lesions in and around GI tract walls without on-site cytological assessment.

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal cancers if not caught early and is associated with late disease presentation. Multifocal pancreatic cancer is particularly difficult to treat as cases that are amenable to surgical resection require total pancreatectomy. Such patients will develop brittle diabetes as they require exogenous insulin after surgery and in the apancreatic state lose counter-regulatory homeostatic mechanisms (i.e., glucagon). We present an elderly patient who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and total pancreatectomy. The patient has adequate glycemic control postoperatively being managed with an insulin pump and remains disease free at 3 years and 3 months after resection. Case Presentation: A 72-year-old male presented with two tumors, in the head and tail of the pancreas, respectively, which were consistent with pancreatic adenocarcinoma by endoscopic ultrasound biopsy. Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX had been administered and total pancreatectomy was performed. The patient did well postoperatively and was discharged on postoperative day 8. The patient was seen by endocrinology pre- and postoperatively who started an insulin pump for glycemic management 2 weeks postoperatively. The patient's HbA1c was 7.9% at 3 months. The patient remains disease free at 3 years and 3 months with an HbA1c of 7.0% and a normal CA19-9. Conclusion: This case highlights that glycemic control after total pancreatectomy with the use of an insulin pump in the elderly population is achievable. Elderly patients can struggle with certain technologies and selecting appropriate patients for insulin pump therapy after total pancreatectomy is imperative.

Objective: To examine patients with metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) who receive sequential treatment with somatostatin analogs. Materials and Methods: This retrospective chart review examined lanreotide depot/autogel tolerability and efficacy among GEP-NET patients who received lanreotide after octreotide long-acting release (LAR) at Tufts University Medical Center. Information obtained included background patient characteristics, dosing, adverse events (AEs), radiologic response, and biochemical markers. Results: Patients (n = 16; 43-81 years; mean age, 64.25 years; 11 female) with nonfunctional, low-grade GEP-NETs receiving octreotide LAR 30-60 mg were transitioned to lanreotide because of patient decision (n = 6), disease progression (n = 6), AEs (n = 2), poor tolerance (n = 1), and injection discomfort/pain (n = 1). Lanreotide doses started at 120 mg (n = 13), 90 mg (n = 1), or 60 mg (n = 2); 8 patients received concomitant therapies, mostly liver-directed (radiofrequency ablation/radioembolization). AEs associated with lanreotide experienced by ≥2 patients were fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, hypertension, pancreatic enzyme deficiency, and hyperglycemia. Radiologic treatment responses of the combination of lanreotide with other therapeutic modalities included complete response (n = 1), partial response (n = 5), and stable disease (n = 9). One patient had radiologic progression. Serum serotonin and chromogranin levels decreased, but urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels appeared relatively unchanged. Conclusion: Among post-octreotide GEP-NET patients, including those with disease progression or poor octreotide tolerance, lanreotide alone or with concomitant therapies was well tolerated and associated with radiologic responses.

Background: Hereditary pancreatitis (HP) is an uncommon condition resulting from an imbalance of pancreatic proteases. Most commonly, protease serine 1 genetic mutations are causative for HP and often result in recurrent early onset episodes of acute pancreatitis typically progressing to chronic pancreatitis, with a high risk of pancreatic cancer. Case Presentation: A 46-year-old female with HP, confirmed by genetic testing, presented with a 7-month history of recurrent pancreatitis. She had previously undergone a distal pancreatectomy and Puestow procedure in 1992 at 21 years of age, after having pancreatitis as a teenager. The patient now had a completion pancreaticoduodenectomy and celiac ethanol nerve block. Conclusion: A completion pancreatectomy in patients with HP can be performed after previous pancreatic surgical intervention to treat disease manifestations and as a prophylaxis against an increased risk of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Background: The perceived benefit of utilizing patients' own imaging studies as a preoperative educational tool has not been studied. Methods: Pancreaticobiliary surgeons reviewed key findings of imaging studies with patients to educate about their diagnosis and inform treatment recommendations. Patient surveys were administered pre- and postvisit by an independent researcher to assess the impact of this practice. Results: Only 55% of patients stated that it was important to see their imaging studies before the consultation. However, after the visit, 90% of patients understood their disease process better, and 86% of patients had a clearer understanding of their planned operation having seen their imaging studies. This represents significant improvement in patients' understanding of their medical condition (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Reviewing imaging findings with patients is an underappreciated aspect of the surgical consultation. It is a powerful educational tool that takes little time, improves patient understanding, and enhances patient experience.

Background: Metastases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to the pancreas are rare, whereas recurrence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) or a primary periampullary cancer is far more common. The time elapsed between a primary tumor and a new mass can aid in differentiation between the two. Presentation: A 70-year-old man with a history of RCC status after left nephrectomy and ampullary adenocarcinoma status after pancreaticoduodenectomy presents with an incidentally found mass in his remnant pancreas. Resection of the mass via completion pancreatectomy yielded pathology consistent with metastatic RCC. Conclusions: Metastases of RCC to the pancreas often present many years after a primary resection. Conversely, recurrent PDA often presents within 5 years of resection. Resection of RCC metastases yields better survival than resection of recurrent PDA, which is controversial. We recommend resection of suspected isolated pancreatic RCC metastases due to known favorable outcomes.

Purpose: No consensus exists regarding the most effective form of pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods: Data were gathered through the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, Pancreatectomy Demonstration Project. A total of 1781 patients underwent a PD at 43 institutions. After appropriate exclusions, 890 patients were analyzed. Patients were divided into duct-to-mucosa (n = 734, 82%) and invagination (n = 156, 18%) groups and were compared by unadjusted analysis. Type of PJ was included in eight separate morbidity and mortality multivariable analyses. Results: Invagination patients had higher serum albumin (p < 0.01) and lower body mass index (p < 0.01), were less likely to have a preoperative biliary stent (p < 0.01), and were more likely to have a soft gland (p < 0.01). PJ anastomosis type was not associated with morbidity but was associated with mortality (duct-to-mucosa vs. invagination, odds ratio = 0.22, p < 0.01). Among patients who developed a clinically relevant pancreatic fistula, none of the 119 duct-to-mucosa, compared with 5 of 21 invagination, patients died (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Patients who undergo a PJ by duct-to-mucosa or invagination differ with respect to preoperative and intraoperative variables. When an invagination PJ leaks, there may be a greater influence on mortality than when a duct-to-mucosa PJ leaks.

Background: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of pancreas is a rare tumor with a low potential for metastasis and recurrence. Long-term outcomes after surgical resection are excellent and recurrences after an R0 resection are extremely rare. Case Presentation: We present an unusual case of a 42-year-old man who had a recurrence of his solid pseudopapillary tumor 4 years after undergoing a distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy and then again a year after his reresection. Conclusions: The lack of histological features deemed to be suggestive of a malignant variant and the aggressive clinical course seen in this case is remarkable. It underscores the fact that despite the low incidence, recurrences of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas do occur and it can be very difficult to predict malignant potential based on radiological or histopathological features.