Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197500903.003.0002
Sharon Krishek
Developing the conception of individual essence, or selfhood, which is integral to the view of love that the project defends, the chapter builds on three ideas from Kierkegaard’s The Sickness unto Death and suggests that each person possesses the quality of selfhood. This quality amounts to a specific version, unique to each person, of personhood or God’s image; it is complex (in being the integration of many other qualities) and is primarily possessed in a state of a potential. This potential is termed “the kernel of individuality.” The potential is “eternal”: it is invariant and independent of contingent circumstances. Its actualization, however, takes place in “the world”—and hence is changeable and contingent—resulting in what is termed “individual persona.” The latter, then, is the actualized state of one’s individual essence, and it is this that we encounter when we experience a person as an individual, as a self.
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Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197500903.003.0005
Sharon Krishek
Having explored the nature of love, the present chapter endorses Kierkegaard’s conception of “work,” which refers to the way we should love. After all, possessing the capacity to love is not in itself sufficient for loving correctly. We often actuate this capacity poorly and fail to love as we should. The chapter focuses on selfishness, a failure to which romantic love is particularly susceptible. However, whereas Kierkegaard posits self-denial as a way of securing love against selfishness, the proposal here is that this alone is not enough to achieve loving correctly. Correct love can only be accomplished by what Kierkegaard presents as the double movement of faith. Explaining what it means to understand faith as a twofold attitude of denial and affirmation, the chapter suggests that for romantic love to be correct, it should not only be structured like faith but also be conditional on it.
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Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197500903.003.0003
Sharon Krishek
This chapter addresses a much debated question in contemporary (analytic) discussions of love, namely, what grounds one’s love for another. First explaining the project’s specific approach to this question, the chapter then focuses on J. David Velleman’s suggestion that it is the personhood of the beloved—personhood being a universal quality essential to a person—that grounds one’s love. While agreeing with Velleman that the beloved’s essence plays a crucial role in grounding one’s love, the argument offered here departs from Velleman’s in two significant ways: first, by positing that the beloved’s essence amounts to selfhood rather than personhood and second, by suggesting that while the beloved’s selfhood is the focus of love, that which grounds love is the correspondence between the selfhood of the beloved and that of the lover.
这一章解决了当代(分析)关于爱的讨论中一个备受争议的问题，即，一个人对另一个人的爱的基础是什么。这一章首先解释了这个项目对这个问题的具体方法，然后集中在J. David Velleman的建议上，即是爱人的人格——人格是一个人必不可少的普遍品质——奠定了一个人的爱。虽然同意Velleman的观点，即被爱之人的本质在一个人的爱的基础上起着至关重要的作用，但这里提出的论点在两个重要方面与Velleman的观点不同:第一，假设被爱之人的本质等于自我而不是人格;第二，暗示虽然被爱之人的自我是爱的焦点，但作为爱的基础的是被爱之人和爱人的自我之间的对应。
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Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197500903.003.0008
Sharon Krishek
This chapter substantiates romantic love as not only a moral phenomenon but also a spiritual one. Demonstrating how the healing from despair, which amounts to the highest relationship with God, is dependent upon loving correctly, and given (as was demonstrated in previous chapters) that romantic love can be correct and hence moral, it becomes clear that moral romantic love is a sufficient condition for spiritual existence. Further, the chapter explicates the correspondence between lovers in terms of helping each other to become the selves they are intended to be, and clarifies the specific nature of romantic love as involving erotic joy. Finally, it uses one of the most paradigmatic tales of romantic love—Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre—as a test case by which to tie all the threads presented throughout the book together. Reading this story, the thesis of romantic love as a meeting of essences is vividly portrayed.
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Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197500903.003.0004
Sharon Krishek
The aim of this chapter is to account for the nature of love. To do so, it develops a view that continues Kierkegaard’s understanding of love as a selfless caring, while also substantially differing from it. Accepting Kierkegaard’s position that love is a kind of caring, and agreeing with him on the importance of equality and self-denial to loving correctly, it claims, however, that Kierkegaard’s view is nevertheless insufficient. Kierkegaard offers a thin model of love that fails to account for its diversity, and hence disregards the distinctive nature of romantic love. The alternative presented in the chapter is of love as a joyful compassionate caring, and it is argued that joy in the presence of the beloved not only is essential to love, but is also that which distinguishes between the different kinds of love.
{"title":"Love as a Joyful Compassionate Caring","authors":"Sharon Krishek","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197500903.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197500903.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this chapter is to account for the nature of love. To do so, it develops a view that continues Kierkegaard’s understanding of love as a selfless caring, while also substantially differing from it. Accepting Kierkegaard’s position that love is a kind of caring, and agreeing with him on the importance of equality and self-denial to loving correctly, it claims, however, that Kierkegaard’s view is nevertheless insufficient. Kierkegaard offers a thin model of love that fails to account for its diversity, and hence disregards the distinctive nature of romantic love. The alternative presented in the chapter is of love as a joyful compassionate caring, and it is argued that joy in the presence of the beloved not only is essential to love, but is also that which distinguishes between the different kinds of love.","PeriodicalId":166576,"journal":{"name":"Lovers in Essence","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130077789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197500903.003.0006
Sharon Krishek
When Kierkegaard speaks about the morality of love, he demands that it be not only unselfish but also universal. Romantic love, however, is essentially selective and exclusive, that is, not universal. Does this make romantic love essentially immoral? Endorsing universal love as a desirable ideal, this chapter explores what it means, and what it takes, to love universally. It argues that inasmuch as love is a joyful compassionate caring for an individual, and given the accessibility of the neighbor’s individual essence, it is the structure of the double movement of faith that makes the encounter with any neighbor love. Establishing the feasibility of universal love, the chapter demonstrates that the demand for universal love amounts to requiring that any interaction with a human being be that of love. And if so, romantic love is compatible with the demand for universality and hence does not pose any threat to morality.
{"title":"Universal Love","authors":"Sharon Krishek","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197500903.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197500903.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"When Kierkegaard speaks about the morality of love, he demands that it be not only unselfish but also universal. Romantic love, however, is essentially selective and exclusive, that is, not universal. Does this make romantic love essentially immoral? Endorsing universal love as a desirable ideal, this chapter explores what it means, and what it takes, to love universally. It argues that inasmuch as love is a joyful compassionate caring for an individual, and given the accessibility of the neighbor’s individual essence, it is the structure of the double movement of faith that makes the encounter with any neighbor love. Establishing the feasibility of universal love, the chapter demonstrates that the demand for universal love amounts to requiring that any interaction with a human being be that of love. And if so, romantic love is compatible with the demand for universality and hence does not pose any threat to morality.","PeriodicalId":166576,"journal":{"name":"Lovers in Essence","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117081182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197500903.003.0007
Sharon Krishek
The book having, until now, focused on developing a substantial view of romantic love, this chapter and the next demonstrate that this view not only is consistent with the theistic position of Kierkegaard, but may also be seen as supported by it. The first step in doing so is to textually ground the conception of selfhood as an individual essence, which the chapter does by offering a close reading of The Sickness unto Death. In this text Kierkegaard analyzes despair as the failure to be the self that one is intended to be. The chapter suggests that this state ultimately proves equivalent to loving incorrectly, and thus demonstrates that the long journey to becoming oneself—which is no less the long journey to God—is necessarily carried out in the world. This paves the way for the claim of the final chapter, that loving correctly is the key to the healing from despair.
{"title":"The Failure to Love Correctly","authors":"Sharon Krishek","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197500903.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197500903.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"The book having, until now, focused on developing a substantial view of romantic love, this chapter and the next demonstrate that this view not only is consistent with the theistic position of Kierkegaard, but may also be seen as supported by it. The first step in doing so is to textually ground the conception of selfhood as an individual essence, which the chapter does by offering a close reading of The Sickness unto Death. In this text Kierkegaard analyzes despair as the failure to be the self that one is intended to be. The chapter suggests that this state ultimately proves equivalent to loving incorrectly, and thus demonstrates that the long journey to becoming oneself—which is no less the long journey to God—is necessarily carried out in the world. This paves the way for the claim of the final chapter, that loving correctly is the key to the healing from despair.","PeriodicalId":166576,"journal":{"name":"Lovers in Essence","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130809746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197500903.003.0009
Sharon Krishek
Returning to Zelda’s poem that was presented in the introduction to the book, and by this to the deeply intuitive conception of possessing a name, this chapter ties together the major themes developed in the book: the meaning and significance of being a self, that is, of being given a name—primarily by God, but no less importantly by one’s living in the world; the meaning and significance of possessing this name—one’s individual essence—in a state of potential that requires an actualization by virtue of worldly existence; and the crucial connection between becoming oneself—the self that God intends one to be—and loving, romantically, in a genuine, correct, way.
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"Sharon Krishek","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780197500903.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197500903.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Returning to Zelda’s poem that was presented in the introduction to the book, and by this to the deeply intuitive conception of possessing a name, this chapter ties together the major themes developed in the book: the meaning and significance of being a self, that is, of being given a name—primarily by God, but no less importantly by one’s living in the world; the meaning and significance of possessing this name—one’s individual essence—in a state of potential that requires an actualization by virtue of worldly existence; and the crucial connection between becoming oneself—the self that God intends one to be—and loving, romantically, in a genuine, correct, way.","PeriodicalId":166576,"journal":{"name":"Lovers in Essence","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131416405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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