Fire is a state, process, or instance of combustion in which fuel or other material is ignited and combined with oxygen, giving off light, heat, and flame.1 Allah first created angels and Jinns, and then Adem (Alayhi As-Salam [AS]), the first man and the first prophet.2–4 Allah created Jinns5,6 and Iblis (also known as shaitan, devil, demon, or satan), one of the Jinns7 from the fire. The Prophet Muhammad (Sallallahu AlayhiWa Sallam) said, “Angelswere created from light, Jinns were created from a smokeless flame of fire, and Adem (AS) was created from that which you have been told (i.e., sounding clay like the clay of pottery).”8 Based on these data, it is too clear that fire was created long before Adem (AS). Death by burning (also known as immolation) is an execution and murder method involving combustion or exposure to extreme heat. It has a long history as a form of public capital punishment, and many societies have employed it as a punishment for and warning against crimes such as treason, heresy, and witchcraft.9 However, currently, immolation cases have been rarely reported.10 The Prophet Ibrahim (AS) is accepted as the greatest ancestor by Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The period in which Ibrahim (AS) lived is not known exactly. It is noted that he lived in the 22nd–20th centuries before Christ. Ibrahim (AS) invited the Babylonian ruler Nemrud (Nimrod) to Allah’s religion, but he was thrown into a fire burning so big and so strong with a catapult by Nemrud, who did not accept this invitation. However, he miraculously survived the fire. The fire did not burn Ibrahim (AS) as a miracle, with Allah’s permission, and the place where he fell turned into a rose garden.11 Furthermore, although Ibrahim (AS) was thrown from the catapult set up on a very high hill, he had no traumatic brain injury, injury to the abdominal or thoracic cavities, fractures, or complex soft tissue injury with Allah’s protection. Herein, we discussed the miracle of Ibrahim’s (AS) “the fire that does not burn” from Islamic perspective to emphasize that the Quran also addresses today’s people including health professionals with Ibrahim’s (AS) miracle. The fourteenth surah including 52 ayats of the Quran is the surah Ibrahim. Themain idea and purpose of the surah is to deter the infidels, who rejected the Prophet Muhammad’s invitation and continued to increase their hostility toward him, by harshly warning and threatening. Its subject is fundamental issues of faith related to tawhid, revelation, and prophethood. There is information about the troubles endured by the prophets for the sake of spreading the true religion.12,13 The miracle of Ibrahim’s (AS) “the fire that does not burn” is described in detail in surah Al-Anbiya of the Quran.14Nursi15 noted three subtle indications in the ayat 69 of surah Al-Anbiya (We said: “O fire! Be cool and a means of safety for Ibrahim), which is about Ibrahim’s (AS)miracle: (1) Like other natural causes, fire does not act according to
{"title":"The Miracle of Ibrahim's (Alayhi As-Salam) “The Fire that Does Not Burn”: Lessons to Today's Health Professionals","authors":"H. Çaksen","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761484","url":null,"abstract":"Fire is a state, process, or instance of combustion in which fuel or other material is ignited and combined with oxygen, giving off light, heat, and flame.1 Allah first created angels and Jinns, and then Adem (Alayhi As-Salam [AS]), the first man and the first prophet.2–4 Allah created Jinns5,6 and Iblis (also known as shaitan, devil, demon, or satan), one of the Jinns7 from the fire. The Prophet Muhammad (Sallallahu AlayhiWa Sallam) said, “Angelswere created from light, Jinns were created from a smokeless flame of fire, and Adem (AS) was created from that which you have been told (i.e., sounding clay like the clay of pottery).”8 Based on these data, it is too clear that fire was created long before Adem (AS). Death by burning (also known as immolation) is an execution and murder method involving combustion or exposure to extreme heat. It has a long history as a form of public capital punishment, and many societies have employed it as a punishment for and warning against crimes such as treason, heresy, and witchcraft.9 However, currently, immolation cases have been rarely reported.10 The Prophet Ibrahim (AS) is accepted as the greatest ancestor by Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The period in which Ibrahim (AS) lived is not known exactly. It is noted that he lived in the 22nd–20th centuries before Christ. Ibrahim (AS) invited the Babylonian ruler Nemrud (Nimrod) to Allah’s religion, but he was thrown into a fire burning so big and so strong with a catapult by Nemrud, who did not accept this invitation. However, he miraculously survived the fire. The fire did not burn Ibrahim (AS) as a miracle, with Allah’s permission, and the place where he fell turned into a rose garden.11 Furthermore, although Ibrahim (AS) was thrown from the catapult set up on a very high hill, he had no traumatic brain injury, injury to the abdominal or thoracic cavities, fractures, or complex soft tissue injury with Allah’s protection. Herein, we discussed the miracle of Ibrahim’s (AS) “the fire that does not burn” from Islamic perspective to emphasize that the Quran also addresses today’s people including health professionals with Ibrahim’s (AS) miracle. The fourteenth surah including 52 ayats of the Quran is the surah Ibrahim. Themain idea and purpose of the surah is to deter the infidels, who rejected the Prophet Muhammad’s invitation and continued to increase their hostility toward him, by harshly warning and threatening. Its subject is fundamental issues of faith related to tawhid, revelation, and prophethood. There is information about the troubles endured by the prophets for the sake of spreading the true religion.12,13 The miracle of Ibrahim’s (AS) “the fire that does not burn” is described in detail in surah Al-Anbiya of the Quran.14Nursi15 noted three subtle indications in the ayat 69 of surah Al-Anbiya (We said: “O fire! Be cool and a means of safety for Ibrahim), which is about Ibrahim’s (AS)miracle: (1) Like other natural causes, fire does not act according to","PeriodicalId":16729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric neurology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87107446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Wanigasinghe, Velappody Jasotharan, Thevsingam Thilaxshan, R. Murugupillai, C. Arambepola
Abstract Objective The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) in the 2- to 5-year age group in a rural setting in Sri Lanka and describe the type, topography, severity, functional status of CP, and associated comorbidities. Design and Patients A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the district of Ampara, which represents a typical rural setting in Sri Lanka. A house-to-house survey was performed in 60 geographically defined areas to screen 2- to 5-year-old children for motor disability or any developmental delay. Those who were positive underwent face-to-face interviews for confirmation of the diagnosis of CP. This was followed by an evaluation of the features of the CP. Results A total of 1,090 children aged 2 to 5 years were screened for CP. Among them, there were four children with confirmed CP, resulting in an overall prevalence of 3.7 per 1,000 children aged 2 to 5 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0, 9.4%). Male dominance was noted (75%). The most common single type of CP was spastic (75%). The other was of the mixed type (25%). A severe level of disability (level V) based on gross motor function and manual ability and communication function was seen in 75% of cases. The two most common comorbidities were cerebral visual impairment (75%) and epilepsy (50%). Gastrointestinal-related problems (75%) and contractures (75%) were the most common complications. Conclusion The burden of CP is relatively high among children in rural settings in Sri Lanka in comparison to reported rates in developed countries. However, these rates are comparable to reported rates from similar rural settings in other regional countries. The majority suffered from a severe degree of impairment.
{"title":"Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy among Children Aged 2 to 5 Years in a Rural District in Sri Lanka: A Population-Based Study","authors":"J. Wanigasinghe, Velappody Jasotharan, Thevsingam Thilaxshan, R. Murugupillai, C. Arambepola","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1770053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1770053","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) in the 2- to 5-year age group in a rural setting in Sri Lanka and describe the type, topography, severity, functional status of CP, and associated comorbidities. Design and Patients A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the district of Ampara, which represents a typical rural setting in Sri Lanka. A house-to-house survey was performed in 60 geographically defined areas to screen 2- to 5-year-old children for motor disability or any developmental delay. Those who were positive underwent face-to-face interviews for confirmation of the diagnosis of CP. This was followed by an evaluation of the features of the CP. Results A total of 1,090 children aged 2 to 5 years were screened for CP. Among them, there were four children with confirmed CP, resulting in an overall prevalence of 3.7 per 1,000 children aged 2 to 5 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0, 9.4%). Male dominance was noted (75%). The most common single type of CP was spastic (75%). The other was of the mixed type (25%). A severe level of disability (level V) based on gross motor function and manual ability and communication function was seen in 75% of cases. The two most common comorbidities were cerebral visual impairment (75%) and epilepsy (50%). Gastrointestinal-related problems (75%) and contractures (75%) were the most common complications. Conclusion The burden of CP is relatively high among children in rural settings in Sri Lanka in comparison to reported rates in developed countries. However, these rates are comparable to reported rates from similar rural settings in other regional countries. The majority suffered from a severe degree of impairment.","PeriodicalId":16729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric neurology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75685556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Cranial sutures are fibrous joints between the bones of the cranial vault, acting as centers of osteogenesis of the embryonic mesenchyme. Skull growth is a strictly regulated process, controlled by several genetic pathways. A minor perturbation of these pathways may lead to premature fusion of the cranial sutures. Craniosynostosis occurs as a result of the premature fusion of the cranial sutures. The incidence of craniosynostosis is approximately 1 in 2,500 live births. Syndromic craniosynostoses such as Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer comprise 15% of patients, while nonsyndromic craniosynostosis represents 85% of all patients. By the late 1800s, Lannelongue (Paris, 1890) and Lane (San Francisco, 1892) attempted the first surgical intervention (strip craniectomy) for the management of craniosynostosis. The inadequacy of simple suturectomies and strip craniectomies in the management of craniosynostosis led to the innovation of more complex procedures such as fronto-orbital advancement and posterior cranial vault distraction. However, these extensive surgical interventions are lengthy procedures and associated with more blood volume loss which requires blood transfusion. These limitations led to the modern era of minimally invasive endoscopic techniques. In this paper, we reviewed the body of the literature on the evolution of surgical management of craniosynostosis over the last century and the possible future directions.
{"title":"Surgical Management of Craniosynostosis—Between the Past and the Future: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature","authors":"Mohammed A. Fouda","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1768028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1768028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cranial sutures are fibrous joints between the bones of the cranial vault, acting as centers of osteogenesis of the embryonic mesenchyme. Skull growth is a strictly regulated process, controlled by several genetic pathways. A minor perturbation of these pathways may lead to premature fusion of the cranial sutures. Craniosynostosis occurs as a result of the premature fusion of the cranial sutures. The incidence of craniosynostosis is approximately 1 in 2,500 live births. Syndromic craniosynostoses such as Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer comprise 15% of patients, while nonsyndromic craniosynostosis represents 85% of all patients. By the late 1800s, Lannelongue (Paris, 1890) and Lane (San Francisco, 1892) attempted the first surgical intervention (strip craniectomy) for the management of craniosynostosis. The inadequacy of simple suturectomies and strip craniectomies in the management of craniosynostosis led to the innovation of more complex procedures such as fronto-orbital advancement and posterior cranial vault distraction. However, these extensive surgical interventions are lengthy procedures and associated with more blood volume loss which requires blood transfusion. These limitations led to the modern era of minimally invasive endoscopic techniques. In this paper, we reviewed the body of the literature on the evolution of surgical management of craniosynostosis over the last century and the possible future directions.","PeriodicalId":16729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric neurology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76713384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is an encephalopathy syndrome that develops during the febrile phase of infection and is characterized by biphasic seizures and bright tree appearance (BTA) on imaging. In this study, we examined a 1-year-old child who was diagnosed with AESD caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. He had a fever for 2 days and was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 on the day of consultation based on a positive antigen test for SARS-CoV-2. The seizures had stopped on arrival to hospital; however, symptoms of encephalopathy persisted. Despite being treated for acute encephalopathy with steroid pulse therapy, vitamins, and remdesivir, he had poor expressive language, and electroencephalography showed generalized slow waves. A repeat head magnetic resonance imaging showed BTA in the parietal and occipital lobes, and seizures recurred during hospital stay. He was also found to have cortical blindness. At the 4-month follow-up, the vision gradually improved and the hand movements recovered. SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause febrile convulsions, which can lead to the development of AESD. Furthermore, a subtype of AESD has occipital lobe predominant lesions that can cause visual impairment.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2-Related Pediatric Encephalopathy with Biphasic Convulsions and Cortical Blindness: A Case Report","authors":"Yuriko Shiraishi, Kouki Tomari, Tsuyoshi Matsuoka, Masaya Numazawa, Takashi Matsuoka","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1768246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1768246","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is an encephalopathy syndrome that develops during the febrile phase of infection and is characterized by biphasic seizures and bright tree appearance (BTA) on imaging. In this study, we examined a 1-year-old child who was diagnosed with AESD caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. He had a fever for 2 days and was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 on the day of consultation based on a positive antigen test for SARS-CoV-2. The seizures had stopped on arrival to hospital; however, symptoms of encephalopathy persisted. Despite being treated for acute encephalopathy with steroid pulse therapy, vitamins, and remdesivir, he had poor expressive language, and electroencephalography showed generalized slow waves. A repeat head magnetic resonance imaging showed BTA in the parietal and occipital lobes, and seizures recurred during hospital stay. He was also found to have cortical blindness. At the 4-month follow-up, the vision gradually improved and the hand movements recovered. SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause febrile convulsions, which can lead to the development of AESD. Furthermore, a subtype of AESD has occipital lobe predominant lesions that can cause visual impairment.","PeriodicalId":16729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric neurology","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77848428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Craniopharyngioma is a rare epithelial brain tumor which arises from the embryological remnants of Rathke's pouch—a remnant of the primitive pharynx. The proximity of this tumor to the pituitary stalk, hypothalamus, third ventricle, optic chiasm, and optic nerves, as well as the major intracranial vessels bridging this area, makes safe surgical resection challenging. Given the recent advancement in endoscopic surgical techniques and the intraoperative assistance of neuronavigation and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) can be an alternative to the open transcranial approaches in the management of children with craniopharyngioma who fulfill the appropriate selection criteria. The comparison between the EETS and the open transcranial approach regarding the clinical and surgical outcomes could be subject to an inherent selection bias. In this article, we reviewed the body of the literature on the role of EETS in the management of pediatric craniopharyngioma and the proper selection criteria of children with craniopharyngioma, who might be suitable candidates for tumor resection via this minimally invasive endoscopic approach. We also looked at the preoperative assessment, surgical techniques, surgical and clinical outcomes, and the possible complications of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery.
{"title":"Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery for Resection of Craniopharyngioma in Pediatric Population: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature","authors":"Mohammed A. Fouda","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1768027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1768027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Craniopharyngioma is a rare epithelial brain tumor which arises from the embryological remnants of Rathke's pouch—a remnant of the primitive pharynx. The proximity of this tumor to the pituitary stalk, hypothalamus, third ventricle, optic chiasm, and optic nerves, as well as the major intracranial vessels bridging this area, makes safe surgical resection challenging. Given the recent advancement in endoscopic surgical techniques and the intraoperative assistance of neuronavigation and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) can be an alternative to the open transcranial approaches in the management of children with craniopharyngioma who fulfill the appropriate selection criteria. The comparison between the EETS and the open transcranial approach regarding the clinical and surgical outcomes could be subject to an inherent selection bias. In this article, we reviewed the body of the literature on the role of EETS in the management of pediatric craniopharyngioma and the proper selection criteria of children with craniopharyngioma, who might be suitable candidates for tumor resection via this minimally invasive endoscopic approach. We also looked at the preoperative assessment, surgical techniques, surgical and clinical outcomes, and the possible complications of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery.","PeriodicalId":16729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric neurology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90183139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Glucose transporter-1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT-1DS) is a rare, autosomal dominantly inherited disorder due to a heterozygous mutation in the gene solute channel 2A1 ( SLC2A1 ).This gene encodes the glucose transporter protein-1. Autosomal recessive inheritance is extremely rare. Similarly, only very few reports are found in the literature of hematological manifestations in this syndrome. We report an autosomal recessively inherited GLUT-1DS, due to a de novo mutation, with the classical infantile presentation associated with concomitant acanthocytosis. In this case report, the second child born to consanguineous parents with initial refractory neonatal seizures and subsequent poorly controlled epilepsy and developmental regression is discussed. The most notable investigation findings supportive of his underlying diagnosis were very low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose and CSF lactate levels. His CSF:plasma glucose ratio was 1:7.6. He was anemic with a hemoglobin of 8.8 g/dL with his blood film showing marked acanthocytosis. His elder brother who also had refractory epilepsy and developmental regression had similar hypoglycorrhachia, low CSF:plasma glucose ratio, and mild anemia with acanthocytosis, and he died before establishment of a diagnosis. Our patient was diagnosed to have a novel mutation SLC2A1 c.184A > G p.(Thr62Ala), for which both parents were heterozygous, confirming autosomal recessive inheritance. Commencement of a ketogenic diet resulted in improvement of his seizures and slow gain in development. It also resulted in gradual disappearance of acanthocytes from his peripheral blood. This case describes a rare case of classical GLUT-1DS, autosomal recessively inherited, due to a novel mutation. The acanthocytosis in his blood smear is another rare association minimally reported in GLUT-1DS. The cause of his abnormal red blood cell morphology is unclear. It is possibly related to cation leakage reported in some rare mutations of the SLC2A1 gene needs reference.
葡萄糖转运蛋白-1缺乏综合征(GLUT-1DS)是一种罕见的常染色体显性遗传疾病，是由于基因溶质通道2A1 (SLC2A1)的杂合突变引起的。该基因编码葡萄糖转运蛋白-1。常染色体隐性遗传极为罕见。同样，在文献中只有很少的报告发现该综合征的血液学表现。我们报告一个常染色体隐性遗传的GLUT-1DS，由于一个新的突变，与典型的婴儿表现相关的伴随棘细胞增多症。在这个病例报告中，讨论了近亲父母生的第二个孩子最初难治性新生儿癫痫发作和随后控制不良的癫痫和发育倒退。支持其基本诊断的最显著的调查结果是脑脊液(CSF)葡萄糖和CSF乳酸水平非常低。脑脊液与血浆葡萄糖的比例为1:6 6。他贫血，血红蛋白8.8 g/dL，血膜显示明显的棘细胞增多症。他的哥哥也患有难治性癫痫和发育倒退，也有类似的低糖血症，脑脊液:血浆葡萄糖比低，轻度贫血伴棘细胞增多症，在确诊前死亡。我们的患者被诊断为一种新的突变SLC2A1 c.184A > G . p.(Thr62Ala)，父母双方都是杂合的，确认常染色体隐性遗传。生酮饮食的开始导致他癫痫发作的改善和发育的缓慢增长。这也导致外周血棘细胞逐渐消失。本病例描述了一例罕见的经典谷氨酸- 1ds，常染色体隐性遗传，由于一个新的突变。血涂片中的棘细胞增多症是另一种罕见的关联，在GLUT-1DS中很少报道。他红细胞形态异常的原因尚不清楚。这可能与报道的SLC2A1基因一些罕见突变中的阳离子渗漏有关，值得参考。
{"title":"Autosomal Recessively Inherited Glucose Transporter-1 Deficiency Syndrome with Acanthocytosis: A Case Report","authors":"J. Wanigasinghe, K. Jayasundara, Eresha Jasinghe","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-57007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-57007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Glucose transporter-1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT-1DS) is a rare, autosomal dominantly inherited disorder due to a heterozygous mutation in the gene solute channel 2A1 ( SLC2A1 ).This gene encodes the glucose transporter protein-1. Autosomal recessive inheritance is extremely rare. Similarly, only very few reports are found in the literature of hematological manifestations in this syndrome. We report an autosomal recessively inherited GLUT-1DS, due to a de novo mutation, with the classical infantile presentation associated with concomitant acanthocytosis. In this case report, the second child born to consanguineous parents with initial refractory neonatal seizures and subsequent poorly controlled epilepsy and developmental regression is discussed. The most notable investigation findings supportive of his underlying diagnosis were very low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose and CSF lactate levels. His CSF:plasma glucose ratio was 1:7.6. He was anemic with a hemoglobin of 8.8 g/dL with his blood film showing marked acanthocytosis. His elder brother who also had refractory epilepsy and developmental regression had similar hypoglycorrhachia, low CSF:plasma glucose ratio, and mild anemia with acanthocytosis, and he died before establishment of a diagnosis. Our patient was diagnosed to have a novel mutation SLC2A1 c.184A > G p.(Thr62Ala), for which both parents were heterozygous, confirming autosomal recessive inheritance. Commencement of a ketogenic diet resulted in improvement of his seizures and slow gain in development. It also resulted in gradual disappearance of acanthocytes from his peripheral blood. This case describes a rare case of classical GLUT-1DS, autosomal recessively inherited, due to a novel mutation. The acanthocytosis in his blood smear is another rare association minimally reported in GLUT-1DS. The cause of his abnormal red blood cell morphology is unclear. It is possibly related to cation leakage reported in some rare mutations of the SLC2A1 gene needs reference.","PeriodicalId":16729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric neurology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90734537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V.K. Gowda, Basavakumar Channabasappa, Sanjay K. Shivappa, B. Veerappa, K. Lakshmikantha
Abstract Acute necrotizing encephalitis of childhood (ANEC) is characterized by respiratory or gastrointestinal infection and high-grade fever accompanied by rapid alteration of consciousness and onset of seizures. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and characteristic neuroimaging features. The aim of this study was to report the etiological, clinical, and radiological findings and therapeutic outcomes of ANEC. This is a retrospective chart review of children aged 1 month to 18 years diagnosed with ANEC, from January 2017 to May 2022 at a tertiary care center in Bangalore, India. Of 36 patients, 17 were males, with age ranging from 10 months to 15 years. Major presenting complaints were altered sensorium in 36 (100%), fever in 33 (91.6%), and seizures in 27 (75%). The etiologies included dengue and chikungunya in 2 (5.5%) cases, Japanese encephalitis, influenza, and RAN binding protein 2 ( RANBP2) in 1 (2.7%) case each, and unknown in 29 (80.5%) cases. Common findings of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain were abnormal signals in thalami in 20/20 (100%) and in brainstem in 11/20 (55%). Computed tomography (CT) of the brain done in all 16 cases showed thalamic hypodensities. All patients received empiric antibiotics, antivirals, and intravenous methylprednisolone. The modified Rankin scale showed excellent outcomes in 19/25 (76%), 3 were bedridden (8.3%), and 3 died (8.3%). ANEC is common in children under 5 years of age (76.7%). Altered sensorium, fever, and seizures were the main presenting symptoms. Genetic testing must be done in case of family history and recurrence. CT brain is also very useful in an emergency setup; MRI brain can be useful to suspect and prognosticate.
{"title":"The Clinical, Laboratory, Etiological Profile and Outcome of Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis of Childhood (ANEC) in Tertiary Care Centre from Southern India","authors":"V.K. Gowda, Basavakumar Channabasappa, Sanjay K. Shivappa, B. Veerappa, K. Lakshmikantha","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-57244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-57244","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Acute necrotizing encephalitis of childhood (ANEC) is characterized by respiratory or gastrointestinal infection and high-grade fever accompanied by rapid alteration of consciousness and onset of seizures. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and characteristic neuroimaging features. The aim of this study was to report the etiological, clinical, and radiological findings and therapeutic outcomes of ANEC. This is a retrospective chart review of children aged 1 month to 18 years diagnosed with ANEC, from January 2017 to May 2022 at a tertiary care center in Bangalore, India. Of 36 patients, 17 were males, with age ranging from 10 months to 15 years. Major presenting complaints were altered sensorium in 36 (100%), fever in 33 (91.6%), and seizures in 27 (75%). The etiologies included dengue and chikungunya in 2 (5.5%) cases, Japanese encephalitis, influenza, and RAN binding protein 2 ( RANBP2) in 1 (2.7%) case each, and unknown in 29 (80.5%) cases. Common findings of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain were abnormal signals in thalami in 20/20 (100%) and in brainstem in 11/20 (55%). Computed tomography (CT) of the brain done in all 16 cases showed thalamic hypodensities. All patients received empiric antibiotics, antivirals, and intravenous methylprednisolone. The modified Rankin scale showed excellent outcomes in 19/25 (76%), 3 were bedridden (8.3%), and 3 died (8.3%). ANEC is common in children under 5 years of age (76.7%). Altered sensorium, fever, and seizures were the main presenting symptoms. Genetic testing must be done in case of family history and recurrence. CT brain is also very useful in an emergency setup; MRI brain can be useful to suspect and prognosticate.","PeriodicalId":16729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric neurology","volume":"50 1","pages":"341 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85870477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this article, we discussed hijab, from past to present and its role to protect adolescent girls and women from sexual harassment, to emphasize that the hijab is important not only for individuals but also for societies. Hijab has been applied in different forms in different civilizations and traditions since the era of first man and Prophet Adam (Alayhi As-Salam). So, hijab and seclusion were practiced in many cultures long before Islam. Studies indicate that girls and women encounter sexual violence in their day-to-day social life in all cultures and societies. Several school-based programs have been conducted for preventing sexual harassment against adolescent girls in many parts of the world; however, they are often lacking an evidence-based approach or testable hypotheses. Hijab is compulsory for women to save their modesty and chastity of all periods and times in Islam. Hijab provides protection for women and it is mandatory from Islamic teachings. Hijab frees women from being thought of as sexual objects of desire, or from being evaluated by their looks, or body shape rather than their minds and intellect. They have also boasted feeling self-respect and dignity when wearing the headscarf in accordance with their personal moral beliefs. Women wearing hijab have expressed that dressing modestly and covering their hair, minimize sexual harassment in the workplace. We believe that hijab is important in protecting adolescent girls from sexual harassment. Therefore, we propose that school-based programs to include hijab practice, should be developed to prevent sexual harassment against adolescent girls, regardless of students' religious beliefs, cultures, and social positions.
{"title":"Hijab Protects Adolescent Girls and Women from Sexual Harassment","authors":"H. Çaksen, Feyza Çaksen","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1769481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1769481","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, we discussed hijab, from past to present and its role to protect adolescent girls and women from sexual harassment, to emphasize that the hijab is important not only for individuals but also for societies. Hijab has been applied in different forms in different civilizations and traditions since the era of first man and Prophet Adam (Alayhi As-Salam). So, hijab and seclusion were practiced in many cultures long before Islam. Studies indicate that girls and women encounter sexual violence in their day-to-day social life in all cultures and societies. Several school-based programs have been conducted for preventing sexual harassment against adolescent girls in many parts of the world; however, they are often lacking an evidence-based approach or testable hypotheses. Hijab is compulsory for women to save their modesty and chastity of all periods and times in Islam. Hijab provides protection for women and it is mandatory from Islamic teachings. Hijab frees women from being thought of as sexual objects of desire, or from being evaluated by their looks, or body shape rather than their minds and intellect. They have also boasted feeling self-respect and dignity when wearing the headscarf in accordance with their personal moral beliefs. Women wearing hijab have expressed that dressing modestly and covering their hair, minimize sexual harassment in the workplace. We believe that hijab is important in protecting adolescent girls from sexual harassment. Therefore, we propose that school-based programs to include hijab practice, should be developed to prevent sexual harassment against adolescent girls, regardless of students' religious beliefs, cultures, and social positions.","PeriodicalId":16729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric neurology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74402340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this article, we discussed the relationship between religion and spirituality, as well as spiritual care in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) to emphasize the importance of spiritual care for MS patients. Religion is a law that Allah communicated to smart people through the prophets that leads people to peace, goodness, blessings, and salvation in this world and in the hereafter. Spirituality is a dimension of religion. It is referred to as a religious process of reformation that “aims to recover the original shape of man,” oriented at “the image of Allah” as exemplified by the founders and sacred texts of the religions of the world. Spiritual care is a growing type of health care which goes beyond biophysical and social needs and relates to patients' and relatives' existential and spiritual needs. In the United States, nearly two-thirds of patients with MS currently use religious services to improve their health or well-being. Religion is positively correlated to mental health among patients with MS. More disabled MS patients, with worse quality of life, also due to physical pain, find a source of comfort in faith and religious practices. A significant positive correlation was found between religious health and existential with self-esteem. A significant relationship was found between spiritual health and hope in the patients with MS. Spiritual well-being was negatively associated with depression and pain interference in MS patients. The motivational interviewing also improved health promoting behaviors in patients with MS. Lastly, we would like to emphasize that spiritual care is a human right for all patients with a life-limiting, progressive disease. Given this illness trajectory and the multiple complex symptoms associated with MS, spiritual care services would improve the quality of life for MS patients.
{"title":"The Importance of Religion, Spirituality, and Spiritual Care in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"H. Çaksen","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1768656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1768656","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, we discussed the relationship between religion and spirituality, as well as spiritual care in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) to emphasize the importance of spiritual care for MS patients. Religion is a law that Allah communicated to smart people through the prophets that leads people to peace, goodness, blessings, and salvation in this world and in the hereafter. Spirituality is a dimension of religion. It is referred to as a religious process of reformation that “aims to recover the original shape of man,” oriented at “the image of Allah” as exemplified by the founders and sacred texts of the religions of the world. Spiritual care is a growing type of health care which goes beyond biophysical and social needs and relates to patients' and relatives' existential and spiritual needs. In the United States, nearly two-thirds of patients with MS currently use religious services to improve their health or well-being. Religion is positively correlated to mental health among patients with MS. More disabled MS patients, with worse quality of life, also due to physical pain, find a source of comfort in faith and religious practices. A significant positive correlation was found between religious health and existential with self-esteem. A significant relationship was found between spiritual health and hope in the patients with MS. Spiritual well-being was negatively associated with depression and pain interference in MS patients. The motivational interviewing also improved health promoting behaviors in patients with MS. Lastly, we would like to emphasize that spiritual care is a human right for all patients with a life-limiting, progressive disease. Given this illness trajectory and the multiple complex symptoms associated with MS, spiritual care services would improve the quality of life for MS patients.","PeriodicalId":16729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric neurology","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83940784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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