Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47743/jpd.2022.29.1.896
Lawal Gandi Abdulkadir, A. A. Aliero, H. M. Maishanu, A. Y. Abbas
Artemisia annua L. produce an array of complex secondary plant metabolite including artemisinin (ART), which kills the principal malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, a compound of current interest in the treatments of drug resistant malaria. However, this compound remain expensive and hardy available on global scale. Synthesis of ART has been proved to be economically impossible. Therefore, increase in yield of natural occurring ART is necessary. The study evaluated the influence of soil types on germination, growth and artemisinin content of A. annua of Chen Young variety in Sokoto agro ecological region of Nigeria and. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in 2017 at Botanical garden of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto. The seeds were sown in plastic pots containing clay, sandy and loamy soils in completely randomized design with 4 replications. Germination percentage (G), Mean germination time (MT), Coefficient of variation of the germination time (CVt), Mean germination rate (MR), Uncertainty of germination (U) and Synchrony of germination (Z) were evaluated. Growth parameter and Artemisinin content were also determined. ART was determined and quantified with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using calibration curve constructed by plotting the peak area against the concentration (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 µg/ml) of ART standard solutions. The results revealed that soil types had no significant effect on germination and growth parameters evaluated (P<0.05). However, clay had the highest G, MT and CVt than sandy and loamy soils. The highest speed of germination per day was observed on sandy soil. Clay soil had the least values of U (2.277±0.2 bit) while the degree of overlapping germination was frequent in the clay (Z). The result obtained shows that treatment had no significant effect on the growth parameters evaluated (P<0.05). Artemisinin content was significantly affected by soil type with the higher content in sandy soil (37.73 µg/ml) follow by clay and loamy soils with 17.90 and 15.70 µg/ml respectively. This study concludes that A. annua seeds can germinate and survived on different soils type in Savanna region of Nigeria. The study suggested the use of sandy soil in cultivation of the plant for its influence on high artemisinin content.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF SOIL TYPE ON GROWTH AND ARTEMISININ CONTENT OF WORMWOOD (ARTEMISIA ANNUA L.) CHEN YOUNG VARIETY IN SOKOTO","authors":"Lawal Gandi Abdulkadir, A. A. Aliero, H. M. Maishanu, A. Y. Abbas","doi":"10.47743/jpd.2022.29.1.896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/jpd.2022.29.1.896","url":null,"abstract":"Artemisia annua L. produce an array of complex secondary plant metabolite including artemisinin (ART), which kills the principal malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, a compound of current interest in the treatments of drug resistant malaria. However, this compound remain expensive and hardy available on global scale. Synthesis of ART has been proved to be economically impossible. Therefore, increase in yield of natural occurring ART is necessary. The study evaluated the influence of soil types on germination, growth and artemisinin content of A. annua of Chen Young variety in Sokoto agro ecological region of Nigeria and. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in 2017 at Botanical garden of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto. The seeds were sown in plastic pots containing clay, sandy and loamy soils in completely randomized design with 4 replications. Germination percentage (G), Mean germination time (MT), Coefficient of variation of the germination time (CVt), Mean germination rate (MR), Uncertainty of germination (U) and Synchrony of germination (Z) were evaluated. Growth parameter and Artemisinin content were also determined. ART was determined and quantified with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using calibration curve constructed by plotting the peak area against the concentration (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 µg/ml) of ART standard solutions. The results revealed that soil types had no significant effect on germination and growth parameters evaluated (P<0.05). However, clay had the highest G, MT and CVt than sandy and loamy soils. The highest speed of germination per day was observed on sandy soil. Clay soil had the least values of U (2.277±0.2 bit) while the degree of overlapping germination was frequent in the clay (Z). The result obtained shows that treatment had no significant effect on the growth parameters evaluated (P<0.05). Artemisinin content was significantly affected by soil type with the higher content in sandy soil (37.73 µg/ml) follow by clay and loamy soils with 17.90 and 15.70 µg/ml respectively. This study concludes that A. annua seeds can germinate and survived on different soils type in Savanna region of Nigeria. The study suggested the use of sandy soil in cultivation of the plant for its influence on high artemisinin content.","PeriodicalId":16754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70909778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47743/jpd.2022.29.1.908
Ion Roşca, A. Glijin, Nina Ciorchină, M. Tabara, A. CUTCOVSCHI-MUȘTUC, T. Ralea, Nina Zdioruc, Alexandru Mirza
The goal of the research was the quantitative determination of biochemical compounds (ascorbic acid, reducing sugars, tannins and titratable acidity) in Rubus fruticosus L. fruits – blackberries ('Melana', 'Triple Crown', 'Arapaho' and 'Thornfree'), propagated by tissue culture and cultivated under the ecological conditions of the Republic of Moldova. The spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid revealed that the highest content of this phytocompound was quantified in the 'Arapaho' blackberries, 48.28 mg/100 g, followed by the 'Thornfree' cultivar (41.69 mg/100 g), which is an amount about twice as high as in the 'Melana' blackberries (23.8 mg/100 g). The high amount of vitamin C in the researched blackberries makes them comparable to raspberries and gooseberries. The content of reducing sugars varied between 4.72% and 7.26%. The 'Triple Crown' cultivar was characterized by the maximum amounts of these biochemical compounds, and the lowest amounts were found in the fruits of the 'Thornfree' blackberry cultivar. The evaluation of the titratable acidity showed that the highest index of this parameter was recorded in the 'Melana' blackberries (0.74% / 0.77% as compared with malic / citric acid. The quantification of the tannins revealed that the fruits of the 'Triple Crown' cultivar have the lowest tannin content (1.97%), the amount being more than twice lower than the maximum amount (4.16%), recorded in the blackberries of the 'Thornfree' cultivar. The results of the study led to the conclusion that the fruits of Rubus fruticosus L., obtained from plants which had been micropropagated in the Embryology and Biotechnology Laboratory (NBGI) and grown under the conditions of the Republic of Moldova are a good source of biologically active substances and can be proposed for commercial production as a promising organic food product.
{"title":"THE QUANTIFICATION OF SOME BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN THE FRUITS OF FOUR BLACKBERRY (Rubus fruticosus L.) CULTIVARS, PROPAGATED BY TISSUE CULTURE","authors":"Ion Roşca, A. Glijin, Nina Ciorchină, M. Tabara, A. CUTCOVSCHI-MUȘTUC, T. Ralea, Nina Zdioruc, Alexandru Mirza","doi":"10.47743/jpd.2022.29.1.908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/jpd.2022.29.1.908","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of the research was the quantitative determination of biochemical compounds (ascorbic acid, reducing sugars, tannins and titratable acidity) in Rubus fruticosus L. fruits – blackberries ('Melana', 'Triple Crown', 'Arapaho' and 'Thornfree'), propagated by tissue culture and cultivated under the ecological conditions of the Republic of Moldova. The spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid revealed that the highest content of this phytocompound was quantified in the 'Arapaho' blackberries, 48.28 mg/100 g, followed by the 'Thornfree' cultivar (41.69 mg/100 g), which is an amount about twice as high as in the 'Melana' blackberries (23.8 mg/100 g). The high amount of vitamin C in the researched blackberries makes them comparable to raspberries and gooseberries. The content of reducing sugars varied between 4.72% and 7.26%. The 'Triple Crown' cultivar was characterized by the maximum amounts of these biochemical compounds, and the lowest amounts were found in the fruits of the 'Thornfree' blackberry cultivar. The evaluation of the titratable acidity showed that the highest index of this parameter was recorded in the 'Melana' blackberries (0.74% / 0.77% as compared with malic / citric acid. The quantification of the tannins revealed that the fruits of the 'Triple Crown' cultivar have the lowest tannin content (1.97%), the amount being more than twice lower than the maximum amount (4.16%), recorded in the blackberries of the 'Thornfree' cultivar. The results of the study led to the conclusion that the fruits of Rubus fruticosus L., obtained from plants which had been micropropagated in the Embryology and Biotechnology Laboratory (NBGI) and grown under the conditions of the Republic of Moldova are a good source of biologically active substances and can be proposed for commercial production as a promising organic food product.","PeriodicalId":16754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Development","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70910256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47743/jpd.2022.29.1.904
I. U. Karaye, S. M. Maishanu, S. A. Anka, A. Shehu, Shafiu Ismaila Adili, Lawal Hannatu Muhammad, A. Musa
Nutritional and extractable oil profile in seeds of Sesamum indicum L. and Moringa oleifera Lam. were investigated using standard biochemical procedures. Proximate analysis revealed % crude protein contents of 24.32% in S. indicum while M. oleifera had 27.66%. Crude lipid contents were analyzed and 47.78% was obtained in S. indicum while 28.87% was obtained in M. oleifera. Crude carbohydrate analysis revealed S. indicum with 37.89% while in M. oleifera, it was 34.51%. Crude fibre obtained was 11.32% in S. indicum while 9.37% was identified in M. oleifera. Higher ash content of 9.13% was obtained in M. oleifera while 7.62% was obtained in S. indicum. Available energy (k/cal.) was analyzed in the samples with obtained values in S. indicum 692.22 k/cal. While M. oleifera had 545.91 k/cal. With significant difference (P=0.05) between the two species in terms of available energy (k/cal.). Results of extractable oil profile of S. indicum and M. oleifera revealed appreciable amounts of the oil with 54.65% found in S. indicum while M. oleifera had 39.33% with significant difference (P=0.05) between the two species. Physico-chemical properties of the seed oils analyzed include, acid value determined with 34.32 mg KOHg-1 for S. indicum and 29.98 mg KOHg-1 obtained in M. oleifera. Saponification value of the two samples indicated that S. indicum had 148.82 mg KOH/g while M. oleifera had 127.88 mg KOH/g. Kinematic viscosity was determined and S. indicum had 0.97 mm2/s while 0.78 mm2/s was identified in M. oleifera. Iodine value was determined and S. indicum had 128.56 g l2 /100 g while M. oleifera had 103.68 g l2/100 g. Specific gravity was determined with 0.89 g/cm3 obtained in S. indicum while 0.84 g/cm3 was obtained in M. oleifera. Cetane number was determined; S. indicum had 34.00 while 30.00 was obtained in M. oleifera. Oil colour was determined and the colour ranged from yellowish-brown to creamy-yellow for S. indicum and M. oleifera respectively with no significant difference (P=0.05) in iodine number, acid value, kinematic viscosity and cetane number. State of the oil at room temperature indicated that the oils from the two seed types are liquid at room temperature. Mineral analysis of the two samples indicated that they comprise of appreciable amounts of minerals with phosphorus 385.51±4.96 mg / 100 g obtained in M. oleifera while in S. indicum, 254.54±4.06 mg / 100 g was obtained. Calcium was richly obtained in the two samples with 95.20 mg / 100 g obtained in M. oleifera while 66.70 mg / 100 g was obtained in S. indicum. However, potassium, manganese, copper, and magnesium were appreciably contained in the seeds with significant difference (P=0.05) between the two samples. Thus, it can be recommended that seeds of M. oleifera especially and that of S. indicum should be properly incorporated in the diets especially in the developing countries where hunger and malnutrition ravage the growing children and pregnant women.
{"title":"NUTRITIONAL AND EXTRACTABLE OIL PROFILE IN SEEDS OF SESAMUM INDICUM L. AND MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. GROWN IN SOKOTO, NIGERIA","authors":"I. U. Karaye, S. M. Maishanu, S. A. Anka, A. Shehu, Shafiu Ismaila Adili, Lawal Hannatu Muhammad, A. Musa","doi":"10.47743/jpd.2022.29.1.904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/jpd.2022.29.1.904","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritional and extractable oil profile in seeds of Sesamum indicum L. and Moringa oleifera Lam. were investigated using standard biochemical procedures. Proximate analysis revealed % crude protein contents of 24.32% in S. indicum while M. oleifera had 27.66%. Crude lipid contents were analyzed and 47.78% was obtained in S. indicum while 28.87% was obtained in M. oleifera. Crude carbohydrate analysis revealed S. indicum with 37.89% while in M. oleifera, it was 34.51%. Crude fibre obtained was 11.32% in S. indicum while 9.37% was identified in M. oleifera. Higher ash content of 9.13% was obtained in M. oleifera while 7.62% was obtained in S. indicum. Available energy (k/cal.) was analyzed in the samples with obtained values in S. indicum 692.22 k/cal. While M. oleifera had 545.91 k/cal. With significant difference (P=0.05) between the two species in terms of available energy (k/cal.). Results of extractable oil profile of S. indicum and M. oleifera revealed appreciable amounts of the oil with 54.65% found in S. indicum while M. oleifera had 39.33% with significant difference (P=0.05) between the two species. Physico-chemical properties of the seed oils analyzed include, acid value determined with 34.32 mg KOHg-1 for S. indicum and 29.98 mg KOHg-1 obtained in M. oleifera. Saponification value of the two samples indicated that S. indicum had 148.82 mg KOH/g while M. oleifera had 127.88 mg KOH/g. Kinematic viscosity was determined and S. indicum had 0.97 mm2/s while 0.78 mm2/s was identified in M. oleifera. Iodine value was determined and S. indicum had 128.56 g l2 /100 g while M. oleifera had 103.68 g l2/100 g. Specific gravity was determined with 0.89 g/cm3 obtained in S. indicum while 0.84 g/cm3 was obtained in M. oleifera. Cetane number was determined; S. indicum had 34.00 while 30.00 was obtained in M. oleifera. Oil colour was determined and the colour ranged from yellowish-brown to creamy-yellow for S. indicum and M. oleifera respectively with no significant difference (P=0.05) in iodine number, acid value, kinematic viscosity and cetane number. State of the oil at room temperature indicated that the oils from the two seed types are liquid at room temperature. Mineral analysis of the two samples indicated that they comprise of appreciable amounts of minerals with phosphorus 385.51±4.96 mg / 100 g obtained in M. oleifera while in S. indicum, 254.54±4.06 mg / 100 g was obtained. Calcium was richly obtained in the two samples with 95.20 mg / 100 g obtained in M. oleifera while 66.70 mg / 100 g was obtained in S. indicum. However, potassium, manganese, copper, and magnesium were appreciably contained in the seeds with significant difference (P=0.05) between the two samples. Thus, it can be recommended that seeds of M. oleifera especially and that of S. indicum should be properly incorporated in the diets especially in the developing countries where hunger and malnutrition ravage the growing children and pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":16754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70909636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47743/jpd.2022.29.1.905
Shina Salihu, C. Afolabi, M. O. Otusanya, D. K. Ojo, N. Danbaba, S. A. Kazeem
Nigeria is the largest producer and consumer of soybean in Sub-Saharan Africa with a low yield of less than 1 ton per hectare. Plant diseases play a major role in yield reduction for the crop. The study was to investigate the incidence and severity of fungal and common viral diseases of some soybean lines and determine their effects on soybean yield. Nineteen newly developed soybean lines with two local checks were evaluated. Fungal isolates were identified using cultural and morphological characteristics while Antigen Coated Plate-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay was used for detecting viruses. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance and means were separated at P = 0.05 using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Eight fungi isolated from diseased soybean plants were Fusarium oxysporum, Choanephora infundibulifera, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Culvularia spp., Fusarium verticilloides, Aspergillus flavus, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Pestalotia spp., while the common viral symptom on the field was mosaic and mottling. F. oxysporum recorded the highest frequency of occurrence of 40.91% and 22.30%, in both years. F. oxysporum and C. infundibulifera showed characteristics symptoms of blight when used for pathogenicity on both checks. The soybean lines differed significantly [P = 0.05] in disease incidence and severity for both fungi and viral diseases. All lines were positive for Cowpea mild mottle virus [CPMMV] in 2016. All the lines evaluated were moderately resistant to leaf blight disease. The study concluded that these lines were tolerant to all observable diseases occasioned by their abilities to produce higher grain yield compared with the local checks, despite the high disease incidence and severity.
{"title":"INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF FUNGAL AND COMMON VIRAL DISEASES OF SOME SOYBEAN LINES IN A DERIVED GUINEA SAVANNAH AGRO-ECOLOGY","authors":"Shina Salihu, C. Afolabi, M. O. Otusanya, D. K. Ojo, N. Danbaba, S. A. Kazeem","doi":"10.47743/jpd.2022.29.1.905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/jpd.2022.29.1.905","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria is the largest producer and consumer of soybean in Sub-Saharan Africa with a low yield of less than 1 ton per hectare. Plant diseases play a major role in yield reduction for the crop. The study was to investigate the incidence and severity of fungal and common viral diseases of some soybean lines and determine their effects on soybean yield. Nineteen newly developed soybean lines with two local checks were evaluated. Fungal isolates were identified using cultural and morphological characteristics while Antigen Coated Plate-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay was used for detecting viruses. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance and means were separated at P = 0.05 using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Eight fungi isolated from diseased soybean plants were Fusarium oxysporum, Choanephora infundibulifera, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Culvularia spp., Fusarium verticilloides, Aspergillus flavus, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Pestalotia spp., while the common viral symptom on the field was mosaic and mottling. F. oxysporum recorded the highest frequency of occurrence of 40.91% and 22.30%, in both years. F. oxysporum and C. infundibulifera showed characteristics symptoms of blight when used for pathogenicity on both checks. The soybean lines differed significantly [P = 0.05] in disease incidence and severity for both fungi and viral diseases. All lines were positive for Cowpea mild mottle virus [CPMMV] in 2016. All the lines evaluated were moderately resistant to leaf blight disease. The study concluded that these lines were tolerant to all observable diseases occasioned by their abilities to produce higher grain yield compared with the local checks, despite the high disease incidence and severity.","PeriodicalId":16754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70910032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.47743/10.47743/jpd.2022.29.1.909
M. Mahajan
Endoreduplication is alternative form of cell cycle that involves the replication of DNA without mitosis. It commonly occurs in various tissues of plants like pavement cells of leaf, trichomes and sepals of flower and led to increase in size of the cell. Shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a region from where the aboveground organs of the plant arise. The cells in the meristem remain in meristematic state (mitotic) and get displaced from there to form the differentiated tissues. But how the nuclear DNA synthesis vary from the meristematic cells to the differentiated tissues is not very well studied. It has been observed through the present study that the cells in shoot tip of Arabidopsis are diploid in nature and starts to endoreduplicate at 1cm away from the shoot, down the stem which was justified by the flow cytometer-based DNA analysis of different Arabidopsis tissues. Petal is known to be the most variable part of the flower with different color, shape, size and fragrance but little is known about its characterization. The cell identities in petal are diverse with different cell types. One is small sized distal cells and the other is large sized proximal cells. The present study has addressed that the large size of proximal cells of petal is not merely a cell expansion but is something related to endoreduplication. This was evidenced by the DNA estimation of FACS (Florescent activated cell sorter) sorted petal cells of Arabidopsis. This is the first study in which SAM, stem, leaf and petal cells are taken into account for ploidy analysis by flow cytometry. In shoot apex we did not see endoreduplication however as the cells descend towards the stem or leaf they enter into differentiation pathways and undergo endoreduplication. On the other hand, different ploidies in petal cells shows the signs of endoreduplication which can be a way towards differentiation.
{"title":"INVESTIGATING EARLY SIGNS OF ENDOREDUPLICATION IN ARABIDOPSIS SHOOT: AN UNKNOWN FACT","authors":"M. Mahajan","doi":"10.47743/10.47743/jpd.2022.29.1.909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/10.47743/jpd.2022.29.1.909","url":null,"abstract":"Endoreduplication is alternative form of cell cycle that involves the replication of DNA without mitosis. It commonly occurs in various tissues of plants like pavement cells of leaf, trichomes and sepals of flower and led to increase in size of the cell. Shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a region from where the aboveground organs of the plant arise. The cells in the meristem remain in meristematic state (mitotic) and get displaced from there to form the differentiated tissues. But how the nuclear DNA synthesis vary from the meristematic cells to the differentiated tissues is not very well studied. It has been observed through the present study that the cells in shoot tip of Arabidopsis are diploid in nature and starts to endoreduplicate at 1cm away from the shoot, down the stem which was justified by the flow cytometer-based DNA analysis of different Arabidopsis tissues. Petal is known to be the most variable part of the flower with different color, shape, size and fragrance but little is known about its characterization. The cell identities in petal are diverse with different cell types. One is small sized distal cells and the other is large sized proximal cells. The present study has addressed that the large size of proximal cells of petal is not merely a cell expansion but is something related to endoreduplication. This was evidenced by the DNA estimation of FACS (Florescent activated cell sorter) sorted petal cells of Arabidopsis. This is the first study in which SAM, stem, leaf and petal cells are taken into account for ploidy analysis by flow cytometry. In shoot apex we did not see endoreduplication however as the cells descend towards the stem or leaf they enter into differentiation pathways and undergo endoreduplication. On the other hand, different ploidies in petal cells shows the signs of endoreduplication which can be a way towards differentiation.","PeriodicalId":16754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70882946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47743/jpd.2021.28.1.886
I. McCarthy-Suárez
: In spite of the role of gibberellins/DELLAs in leaf hair production, no investigations have assessed their function in the production of root hairs. To this aim, the effects of supra-physiological levels of GAs/DELLAs on the gene expression patterning of the root hair (CPC) and non-hair (GL2, EGL3 and WER) epidermal cell fate markers, and on the distribution, morphology and abundance of root hairs, were studied in root tips of 5-day-old A. thaliana seedlings. Results showed that excessive GAs/DELLAs misarranged the CPC , GL2 , EGL3 and WER gene expression patterning and the location, shape and frequency of root hairs. However, when the gai-1 (GA-insensitive-1) DELLA mutant protein was specifically over-expressed at the root epidermis, no changes in the patterning or abundance of root hairs occurred. Thus, results suggest that, in A. thaliana seedlings , the GAs/DELLAs might regulate the patterning, morphology and abundance of root hairs from the sub-epidermal tissues of the root. the effects of high levels of GAs/DELLAs on the spatial gene expression of the hair (CPC) and non-hair (GL2, WER and EGL3) markers of root epidermal cell fate, as well as on the distribution of root hairs, were analysed in seedlings of A. thaliana . Results showed that excessive levels of GAs/DELLAs impaired the spatial gene expression of the root hair/non-hair epidermal cell fate markers and disarranged the normal distribution of root hairs, what suggested that the GAs/DELLAs might be involved in regulating the root hair patterning in seedlings of A. thaliana. In fact, stable or inducible mutants with low ( gai-1, HSp::gai-1 , pGAI::gai-1:GR , SCR::gai-1:GR ) or high ( QD , 5X , GID1b-ox ) levels of GAs showed not only a random expression of GL2 at the MZ and EZ of the root, known as the cell fate-decision zones [PERNAS & al. 2010], but also a disarrangement of the root hairs. Because neither the spatial expression of GL2 nor the distribution of root hairs suffered changes when the gai-1 DELLA was over-expressed at the root epidermis ( ML1::gai-1 x GL2pro::GUS , ML1::gai-1 and UAS::gai-1 x J0951 transgenic lines), it was concluded that the GAs/DELLAs do not seem to affect the root hair patterning in A. thaliana seedlings by acting on this root cell layer, but on tissues placed underneath. In fact, over-expression of gai-1 at the cortex, endodermis or pericycle of the root MZ altered the root hair patterning.
{"title":"SUPRA-PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVELS OF GIBBERELLINS / DELLAS ALTER THE PATTERNING, MORPHOLOGY AND ABUNDANCE OF ROOT HAIRS IN ROOT TIPS OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA SEEDLINGS","authors":"I. McCarthy-Suárez","doi":"10.47743/jpd.2021.28.1.886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/jpd.2021.28.1.886","url":null,"abstract":": In spite of the role of gibberellins/DELLAs in leaf hair production, no investigations have assessed their function in the production of root hairs. To this aim, the effects of supra-physiological levels of GAs/DELLAs on the gene expression patterning of the root hair (CPC) and non-hair (GL2, EGL3 and WER) epidermal cell fate markers, and on the distribution, morphology and abundance of root hairs, were studied in root tips of 5-day-old A. thaliana seedlings. Results showed that excessive GAs/DELLAs misarranged the CPC , GL2 , EGL3 and WER gene expression patterning and the location, shape and frequency of root hairs. However, when the gai-1 (GA-insensitive-1) DELLA mutant protein was specifically over-expressed at the root epidermis, no changes in the patterning or abundance of root hairs occurred. Thus, results suggest that, in A. thaliana seedlings , the GAs/DELLAs might regulate the patterning, morphology and abundance of root hairs from the sub-epidermal tissues of the root. the effects of high levels of GAs/DELLAs on the spatial gene expression of the hair (CPC) and non-hair (GL2, WER and EGL3) markers of root epidermal cell fate, as well as on the distribution of root hairs, were analysed in seedlings of A. thaliana . Results showed that excessive levels of GAs/DELLAs impaired the spatial gene expression of the root hair/non-hair epidermal cell fate markers and disarranged the normal distribution of root hairs, what suggested that the GAs/DELLAs might be involved in regulating the root hair patterning in seedlings of A. thaliana. In fact, stable or inducible mutants with low ( gai-1, HSp::gai-1 , pGAI::gai-1:GR , SCR::gai-1:GR ) or high ( QD , 5X , GID1b-ox ) levels of GAs showed not only a random expression of GL2 at the MZ and EZ of the root, known as the cell fate-decision zones [PERNAS & al. 2010], but also a disarrangement of the root hairs. Because neither the spatial expression of GL2 nor the distribution of root hairs suffered changes when the gai-1 DELLA was over-expressed at the root epidermis ( ML1::gai-1 x GL2pro::GUS , ML1::gai-1 and UAS::gai-1 x J0951 transgenic lines), it was concluded that the GAs/DELLAs do not seem to affect the root hair patterning in A. thaliana seedlings by acting on this root cell layer, but on tissues placed underneath. In fact, over-expression of gai-1 at the cortex, endodermis or pericycle of the root MZ altered the root hair patterning.","PeriodicalId":16754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70909623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47743/jpd.2021.28.1.878
I. U. Karaye, M. Hayatu, Yahya Mustapha, L. A. Sani
Biochemical characterization of the seed extracts of the seeds of six selected Nigerian cucurbit germplasm was carried out using standard biochemical procedures. All treatments were replicated three times and the results presented as mean ± S.E. On proximate analysis, percentage moisture ranged from (3.83±0.10%) to (5.17±0.65%) with the highest in Lagenaria breviflora (5.17±0.65%) while the least value (3.83±0.10%) was obtained in Cucurbita pepo. Crude protein composition ranged from (32.66-0.11) to (35.94±2.89%) the highest (35.94±2.89%) in Lagenaria breviflora while the least (32.66-0.11%) was for Cucurbita maxima. Crude carbohydrate ranged from (27.33±0.20) to (36.66±0.2) with the highest (35.66±0.20) in Citrullus lanatus while the least (27.33±0.20) was for Cucurbita pepo. Crude lipid analysis showed the range of values (31.33±0.27%) to (24.50±0.29%) with the highest in Cucumeropsis mannii while Citrullus lanatus had (24.50±0.29%). Crude fiber contents ranged from (15.83±1.23%) to (5.68±0.87%) with the highest (15.83±1.23%) in Cucurbita maxima while Lagenaria breviflora had (5.83±0.07%). Ash content revealed the range of values (9.17±0.52) to (5.86±0.29%) with the highest (9.17±0.52%) in Cucurbita maxima while the least (5.86±0.29%) was in Lagenaria breviflora. Analysis of available energy (kcal.) revealed the range of values (555.97±2.45) to (500.90±2.21 kcal) with the highest in Cucumeropsis mannii while Citrullus lanatus had (500.90±2.21 kcal). With significant difference (P≤0.05) in the contents of crude carbohydrates, lipids, crude fiber and available energy in (kcal). Mineral analysis revealed nitrogen (N) composition with a range of values (3.11±0.38) to (5.75±0.97 g/100 g) with the highest in Lagenaria breviflora while the least (3.11±0.38) g/100 g was in Citrullus lanatus. Sodium (Na) analysis revealed the range of values (11.83±0.79) to (31.67±2.43) g/100 g with the highest in Cucurbita pepo (31.67±2.43) g/100 g while Cucumeropsis mannii had the least (11.83±0.79 g/100 g). Magnesium (Mg) analysis similarly revealed range of values (22.00±1.18) to (34.60±2.17) g/100 g with the highest in Cucurbita maxima (34.60±2.17) g/100 g while the least value (22.00±1.18 g/100 g) was in Lagenaria siceraria. Similarly, calcium (Ca) analysis revealed the presence of the valuable mineral with a range of values (10.83±1.32) to (36.67±2.76) g/100 g) with highest (36.67±2.67 g/100 g) in Cucurbita maxima while the least (10.83±1.32 g/100 g) was obtained in Cucurbita maxima.
{"title":"NUTRITIONAL AND ANTI-NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES OF THE SEEDS OF SIX SELECTED NIGERIAN CUCURBIT GERMPLASM","authors":"I. U. Karaye, M. Hayatu, Yahya Mustapha, L. A. Sani","doi":"10.47743/jpd.2021.28.1.878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/jpd.2021.28.1.878","url":null,"abstract":"Biochemical characterization of the seed extracts of the seeds of six selected Nigerian cucurbit germplasm was carried out using standard biochemical procedures. All treatments were replicated three times and the results presented as mean ± S.E. On proximate analysis, percentage moisture ranged from (3.83±0.10%) to (5.17±0.65%) with the highest in Lagenaria breviflora (5.17±0.65%) while the least value (3.83±0.10%) was obtained in Cucurbita pepo. Crude protein composition ranged from (32.66-0.11) to (35.94±2.89%) the highest (35.94±2.89%) in Lagenaria breviflora while the least (32.66-0.11%) was for Cucurbita maxima. Crude carbohydrate ranged from (27.33±0.20) to (36.66±0.2) with the highest (35.66±0.20) in Citrullus lanatus while the least (27.33±0.20) was for Cucurbita pepo. Crude lipid analysis showed the range of values (31.33±0.27%) to (24.50±0.29%) with the highest in Cucumeropsis mannii while Citrullus lanatus had (24.50±0.29%). Crude fiber contents ranged from (15.83±1.23%) to (5.68±0.87%) with the highest (15.83±1.23%) in Cucurbita maxima while Lagenaria breviflora had (5.83±0.07%). Ash content revealed the range of values (9.17±0.52) to (5.86±0.29%) with the highest (9.17±0.52%) in Cucurbita maxima while the least (5.86±0.29%) was in Lagenaria breviflora. Analysis of available energy (kcal.) revealed the range of values (555.97±2.45) to (500.90±2.21 kcal) with the highest in Cucumeropsis mannii while Citrullus lanatus had (500.90±2.21 kcal). With significant difference (P≤0.05) in the contents of crude carbohydrates, lipids, crude fiber and available energy in (kcal). Mineral analysis revealed nitrogen (N) composition with a range of values (3.11±0.38) to (5.75±0.97 g/100 g) with the highest in Lagenaria breviflora while the least (3.11±0.38) g/100 g was in Citrullus lanatus. Sodium (Na) analysis revealed the range of values (11.83±0.79) to (31.67±2.43) g/100 g with the highest in Cucurbita pepo (31.67±2.43) g/100 g while Cucumeropsis mannii had the least (11.83±0.79 g/100 g). Magnesium (Mg) analysis similarly revealed range of values (22.00±1.18) to (34.60±2.17) g/100 g with the highest in Cucurbita maxima (34.60±2.17) g/100 g while the least value (22.00±1.18 g/100 g) was in Lagenaria siceraria. Similarly, calcium (Ca) analysis revealed the presence of the valuable mineral with a range of values (10.83±1.32) to (36.67±2.76) g/100 g) with highest (36.67±2.67 g/100 g) in Cucurbita maxima while the least (10.83±1.32 g/100 g) was obtained in Cucurbita maxima.","PeriodicalId":16754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70909495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47743/jpd.2021.28.1.885
P. Pinzaru
The presence of Centaurea ruthenica Lam. in the flora of the Republic of Moldova was indicated by SCHMALHAUSEN (1886, 1897), near the village of Rascov, on the left bank of the Dniester River. This summer, the author has found this species near the village of Tipova, Rezina district, on the right bank of the Dniester River. This article presents the morphological description of the species, its biological and ecological features under the local conditions. It has been proposed to include Centaurea ruthenica Lam. in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, in the Critically Endangered (CR) category.
{"title":"CENTAUREA RUTHENICA LAM. (ASTERACEAE DUMORT.) IN THE FLORA OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA","authors":"P. Pinzaru","doi":"10.47743/jpd.2021.28.1.885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/jpd.2021.28.1.885","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of Centaurea ruthenica Lam. in the flora of the Republic of Moldova was indicated by SCHMALHAUSEN (1886, 1897), near the village of Rascov, on the left bank of the Dniester River. This summer, the author has found this species near the village of Tipova, Rezina district, on the right bank of the Dniester River. This article presents the morphological description of the species, its biological and ecological features under the local conditions. It has been proposed to include Centaurea ruthenica Lam. in the Red Book of the Republic of Moldova, in the Critically Endangered (CR) category.","PeriodicalId":16754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70909586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THYMUS COLDEI PÎNZARU SP. NOVA (LAMIACEAE) IN THE FLORA OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA","authors":"P. Pinzaru","doi":"10.47743/jpd.2021.28.1.890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/jpd.2021.28.1.890","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes a new species for science – Thymus coldei Pînzaru sp. nova, occurring on Middle Sarmatian limestones, in the Republic of Moldova.","PeriodicalId":16754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70909679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47743/10.47743/jpd.2021.28.1.872
H. Muhammed, U. I. Hamza, Hadiza Isyaku, Donadeen Olachi
Organic composts are derived from plant and animal wastes as substrates in the control of blight disease of vegetable crops; tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) plants were evaluated. Cow dung, sawdust, rice husk, poultry droppings and goat dung were collected from the agricultural research farm Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida university Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria. The organic matter were allowed to decompose watered daily for twenty four days to foster the microbial activities of the composts. Three kilogram (3 kg) of sterilized topsoil was bulked with the compost at 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 g and allowed to decomposed for the period of 10 days respectively. At 200 g and 250 g the suppression was significantly different (P= 0.05) than other lower quantities. Goat dung gave the highest suppression of 88.2% followed by rice husk (85.0%). At 250 g it was 99.0%, 93.7%, 93.7%, 84.0%, and 94.7% with poultry droppings, rice husk, cow dung, saw dust and goat dung respectively. Goat dung amended soil gave the best blight disease suppression (88.2%) in okra and poultry droppings gave the best in tomato (99.0%). A good combination of compost consisting of goat dung and poultry droppings is recommended for the suppression of blight disease in tomato and okra plants.
{"title":"ORGANIC COMPOST CONTROL OF BLIGHT DISEASE OF OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS) AND TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM) PLANTS","authors":"H. Muhammed, U. I. Hamza, Hadiza Isyaku, Donadeen Olachi","doi":"10.47743/10.47743/jpd.2021.28.1.872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/10.47743/jpd.2021.28.1.872","url":null,"abstract":"Organic composts are derived from plant and animal wastes as substrates in the control of blight disease of vegetable crops; tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) plants were evaluated. Cow dung, sawdust, rice husk, poultry droppings and goat dung were collected from the agricultural research farm Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida university Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria. The organic matter were allowed to decompose watered daily for twenty four days to foster the microbial activities of the composts. Three kilogram (3 kg) of sterilized topsoil was bulked with the compost at 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 g and allowed to decomposed for the period of 10 days respectively. At 200 g and 250 g the suppression was significantly different (P= 0.05) than other lower quantities. Goat dung gave the highest suppression of 88.2% followed by rice husk (85.0%). At 250 g it was 99.0%, 93.7%, 93.7%, 84.0%, and 94.7% with poultry droppings, rice husk, cow dung, saw dust and goat dung respectively. Goat dung amended soil gave the best blight disease suppression (88.2%) in okra and poultry droppings gave the best in tomato (99.0%). A good combination of compost consisting of goat dung and poultry droppings is recommended for the suppression of blight disease in tomato and okra plants.","PeriodicalId":16754,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Development","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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