Pub Date : 2019-03-22DOI: 10.4172/2329-955X.1000193
I. M. Zeid, F. Gharib, S. Ghazi, E. Ahmed
This study aimed to improve cowpea seed germination and seedling growth by using some antioxidant compounds naturally produced or up taken by plants. The effect of soaking cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) for 2 h in aerated solution of different antioxidants; ascorbic acid (AsA) and gallic acid (GA), each at 0.0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 ppm, sodium selenate (NaSeO4) and nanoselenium (SeNPs ≈ 33.4 nm) chemically prepared, each at 0.0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μM on seedling length and activities of some hydrolytic enzymes were tested. Seeds of treated and untreated cowpea were germinated at 25°C ± 0.5 under dark controlled conditions for 4 days. Results showed that AsA, GA, NaSeO4 and SeNPs at low concentrations significantly improved plumule and radicale lengths compared with their corresponding controls. Moreover, AsA and GA up to 150 ppm, NaSeO4 and SeNPs up to 25 μM significantly increased the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase and protease enzymes as well as the contents of total soluble sugars and total soluble proteins. The results indicate the successful use of ascorbic acid and gallic acid up to 150 ppm as well as sodium selenate and nanoselenium up to 25 μM in enhancing seedling growth and hydrolytic enzymatic activity in cowpea germinated seeds.Further promising results on the effect of these compounds on vegetative growth and yield can be concluded from the previous results on germination and seedling growth.
{"title":"Promotive Effect of Ascorbic Acid, Gallic Acid, Selenium and Nano-Selenium on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Some Hydrolytic Enzymes Activity of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Seedling","authors":"I. M. Zeid, F. Gharib, S. Ghazi, E. Ahmed","doi":"10.4172/2329-955X.1000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-955X.1000193","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to improve cowpea seed germination and seedling growth by using some antioxidant compounds naturally produced or up taken by plants. The effect of soaking cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) for 2 h in aerated solution of different antioxidants; ascorbic acid (AsA) and gallic acid (GA), each at 0.0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 ppm, sodium selenate (NaSeO4) and nanoselenium (SeNPs ≈ 33.4 nm) chemically prepared, each at 0.0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μM on seedling length and activities of some hydrolytic enzymes were tested. Seeds of treated and untreated cowpea were germinated at 25°C ± 0.5 under dark controlled conditions for 4 days. Results showed that AsA, GA, NaSeO4 and SeNPs at low concentrations significantly improved plumule and radicale lengths compared with their corresponding controls. Moreover, AsA and GA up to 150 ppm, NaSeO4 and SeNPs up to 25 μM significantly increased the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase and protease enzymes as well as the contents of total soluble sugars and total soluble proteins. The results indicate the successful use of ascorbic acid and gallic acid up to 150 ppm as well as sodium selenate and nanoselenium up to 25 μM in enhancing seedling growth and hydrolytic enzymatic activity in cowpea germinated seeds.Further promising results on the effect of these compounds on vegetative growth and yield can be concluded from the previous results on germination and seedling growth.","PeriodicalId":16817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Physiology & Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76178444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-23DOI: 10.4172/2329-955X.1000195
S. Islam, Rahamatulla Middya, B. Mondal
The field experiments were conducted during Rabi season of 2014-15 and 2015-2016 in Birbhum district under Lateritic Red and Undulating Agro-climatic region of West Bengal to find out the field efficacy of different fungicides against late blight of potato (cv. Kufri Jyoti). During 2014-15, among seven fungicides, Chlorothalonil 75% WP at 2 g/litre of water was recorded more efficacious. In 2015-16, three fungicides were evaluated in different doses to standardize the effective dose of Ethaboxam 40% SC and its bioefficacy in field condition against late blight of potato. Foliage and tuber infection were significantly lower and tuber yield recorded higher in Ethaboxam treatments when applied at 1.33 ml/litre of water. There were no significant differences between two different doses (1 ml and 1.33 ml/ litre of water) of Ethaboxam. Among eleven fungicides tested, Ethaboxam were also recorded superior in case of seed-tuber treatment-cum-spraying experiment.
{"title":"Management of Late Blight of Potato through Fungicides","authors":"S. Islam, Rahamatulla Middya, B. Mondal","doi":"10.4172/2329-955X.1000195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-955X.1000195","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiments were conducted during Rabi season of 2014-15 and 2015-2016 in Birbhum district under Lateritic Red and Undulating Agro-climatic region of West Bengal to find out the field efficacy of different fungicides against late blight of potato (cv. Kufri Jyoti). During 2014-15, among seven fungicides, Chlorothalonil 75% WP at 2 g/litre of water was recorded more efficacious. In 2015-16, three fungicides were evaluated in different doses to standardize the effective dose of Ethaboxam 40% SC and its bioefficacy in field condition against late blight of potato. Foliage and tuber infection were significantly lower and tuber yield recorded higher in Ethaboxam treatments when applied at 1.33 ml/litre of water. There were no significant differences between two different doses (1 ml and 1.33 ml/ litre of water) of Ethaboxam. Among eleven fungicides tested, Ethaboxam were also recorded superior in case of seed-tuber treatment-cum-spraying experiment.","PeriodicalId":16817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Physiology & Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84626556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-18DOI: 10.4172/2329-955X.1000196
Shameer Khan, Y. Ibrahim, M. S. Jeffree
Introduction: Agriculture is an important occupation in Malaysia that generates a major portion of the national revenue. Similar to elsewhere in the world, pesticides are used to boost agricultural production in Malaysian farms. However, chemical pesticides are associated with human health hazard and are not environmentfriendly as they persist in nature for long periods of time. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 19 palm oil plantations in the Sabah district of Malaysia and evaluated the perception of the workers towards pesticide use and their awareness regarding the health effects associated with pesticide exposure. Results and discussion: Our analysis shows that most of the workers among the 270 respondents were 30-year-old males with average education, and belonged to the low income group. Majority opined that they were aware of the health hazards of pesticide use and suffered from symptoms (with mean duration of three days) such as vomiting, diarrhea, skin irritation, and dizziness. Surprisingly, the opinion was almost equally divided on whether they perceived pesticides to be the cause of their health problems, and a major percentage did not avail of medical help. Most of the workers responded that they did not receive any training in pesticide handling. Interestingly, they would not read the safety material even if it was provided. Conclusion: We concluded that the farmers should also be educated about alternative and eco-friendly ways of farming. Finally, the plantation management should intervene and proactively advocate the use of safe farming practices.
{"title":"Evaluating Perception of Farmers towards the Health Effect of Pesticides: A Cross- Sectional Study in the Oil Palm Plantations of Papar, Malaysia","authors":"Shameer Khan, Y. Ibrahim, M. S. Jeffree","doi":"10.4172/2329-955X.1000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-955X.1000196","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: \u0000Agriculture is an important occupation in Malaysia that generates a major portion of the national revenue. Similar to elsewhere in the world, pesticides are used to boost agricultural production in Malaysian farms. However, chemical pesticides are associated with human health hazard and are not environmentfriendly as they persist in nature for long periods of time. \u0000Materials and methods: \u0000In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 19 palm oil plantations in the Sabah district of Malaysia and evaluated the perception of the workers towards pesticide use and their awareness regarding the health effects associated with pesticide exposure. \u0000Results and discussion: \u0000Our analysis shows that most of the workers among the 270 respondents were 30-year-old males with average education, and belonged to the low income group. Majority opined that they were aware of the health hazards of pesticide use and suffered from symptoms (with mean duration of three days) such as vomiting, diarrhea, skin irritation, and dizziness. Surprisingly, the opinion was almost equally divided on whether they perceived pesticides to be the cause of their health problems, and a major percentage did not avail of medical help. Most of the workers responded that they did not receive any training in pesticide handling. Interestingly, they would not read the safety material even if it was provided. \u0000Conclusion: \u0000We concluded that the farmers should also be educated about alternative and eco-friendly ways of farming. Finally, the plantation management should intervene and proactively advocate the use of safe farming practices.","PeriodicalId":16817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Physiology & Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80132639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-955x-c1-030
V. H. Zuazo
{"title":"Sustainable strategies for soil and water conservation in hillslope farming","authors":"V. H. Zuazo","doi":"10.4172/2329-955x-c1-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-955x-c1-030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Physiology & Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77284702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-955x-c2-033
L. Hsieh
{"title":"Molecular characterization of a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase gene (BoC4H) in Bambusa oldhamii","authors":"L. Hsieh","doi":"10.4172/2329-955x-c2-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-955x-c2-033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Physiology & Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81948546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-955X-C2-032
C. Zhu
{"title":"The different effects of nitrogen forms (NH4+ and NO3-) on cell wall phosphorus remobilization in rice","authors":"C. Zhu","doi":"10.4172/2329-955X-C2-032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-955X-C2-032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Physiology & Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82115375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-955X-C2-031
G. Butt
{"title":"Effects of brown algae (Sargassum sp.) as manure of growth of Pisum sativum","authors":"G. Butt","doi":"10.4172/2329-955X-C2-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-955X-C2-031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Physiology & Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87479050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-955X.1000192
W. Gurley, K. Gilani, S. Naz, Farheen Aslam
Mineral nutrition plays an important role in the growth and development of plants and is a significant factor in plant disease defense. In order to determine whether the distribution pattern of mineral nutrients is correlated with the Huanglongbing (HLB) disease status, leaf and pulp samples were collected from fifteen healthy and HLB-affected cultivars of citrus from the Sargodha district of Pakistan. Samples were removed from the field-grown trees and their HLB status determined by quantitative PCR. The levels of zinc (Zn), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) were measured by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Pulp tissues contained lower levels of all three minerals regardless of the infection status. No significant change (t-test) was found in K levels associated with the HLB-affected leaves (p=0.7843) or pulp (p=0.0997). Phosphorous decreased 9% (p=0.0437) in leaves and increased 29% (p=0.0120) in pulp in HLB-affected samples compared to healthy. Zn showed a 31% (p<0.0001) decrease in infected leaves but no change in the pulp tissue (p=0.6728). These results indicate that the partitioning of Zn and P between leaves and fruit was differently affected by the HLB-infection status of the tree. However, no relationship between HLB infection status and K was observed.
{"title":"A Comparison of Zinc, Phosphorous and Potassium Levels in Leaves and Fruit Pulp of Healthy and Huanglongbing Affected Citrus Cultivars","authors":"W. Gurley, K. Gilani, S. Naz, Farheen Aslam","doi":"10.4172/2329-955X.1000192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-955X.1000192","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral nutrition plays an important role in the growth and development of plants and is a significant factor in plant disease defense. In order to determine whether the distribution pattern of mineral nutrients is correlated with the Huanglongbing (HLB) disease status, leaf and pulp samples were collected from fifteen healthy and HLB-affected cultivars of citrus from the Sargodha district of Pakistan. Samples were removed from the field-grown trees and their HLB status determined by quantitative PCR. The levels of zinc (Zn), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) were measured by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Pulp tissues contained lower levels of all three minerals regardless of the infection status. No significant change (t-test) was found in K levels associated with the HLB-affected leaves (p=0.7843) or pulp (p=0.0997). Phosphorous decreased 9% (p=0.0437) in leaves and increased 29% (p=0.0120) in pulp in HLB-affected samples compared to healthy. Zn showed a 31% (p<0.0001) decrease in infected leaves but no change in the pulp tissue (p=0.6728). These results indicate that the partitioning of Zn and P between leaves and fruit was differently affected by the HLB-infection status of the tree. However, no relationship between HLB infection status and K was observed.","PeriodicalId":16817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Physiology & Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91329712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-955X-C1-028
Gangaprasad Sreekantappa
{"title":"Unravelling nature of gene action for fruit biochemical, Morpho- Physiological and yield traits governing shelf life in tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)","authors":"Gangaprasad Sreekantappa","doi":"10.4172/2329-955X-C1-028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-955X-C1-028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Physiology & Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83469112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-955x.1000194
Jean Carlos Vencioneck Dutra, Paula Roberta Costalonga Pereira, Polianna da Silva Ferreira, Juliana Macedo Delarmelina, Claudia Masrouah Jamal, Maria do Carmo Pimentel Batitucci
{"title":"Leaf Variegation Alters in Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic CompoundsConcentration of Indian Borage (Plectranthus amboinicus)","authors":"Jean Carlos Vencioneck Dutra, Paula Roberta Costalonga Pereira, Polianna da Silva Ferreira, Juliana Macedo Delarmelina, Claudia Masrouah Jamal, Maria do Carmo Pimentel Batitucci","doi":"10.4172/2329-955x.1000194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-955x.1000194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Physiology & Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73231839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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