{"title":"Bacteriological Evaluation Of Nigerian Currency Notes From Selected Handlers In Ilesha Metropolis Of Osun State, Nigeria","authors":"","doi":"10.51412/psnnjp.2023.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51412/psnnjp.2023.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":168366,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126589898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive Changes in the Working Environment of Community Pharmacists during the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Kano Metropolis, North-Western Nigeria.","authors":"","doi":"10.51412/psnnjp.2023.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51412/psnnjp.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":168366,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133271391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Circulation of poor-quality drugs has dire consequences on the health of consumers. Introduction of branded generics to ensure availability and affordability has shown potential for spread of poor-quality drugs. In this study, quality assessment of some commonly marketed ciprofloxacin (500 mg) and levofloxacin (500 mg) tablet brands in Karu Local Government Area (LGA) of Nasarawa State, Nigeria was evaluated. Methods: Five tablet brands including an innovator, of either drug were sourced from 5 different Pharmacies in the LGA. Tablets were coded A1-A5 and B1-B5 for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin brands respectively. Physical assessment of the tablets was done. Physico-mechanical properties, uniformity of weight, friability and disintegration time were also evaluated using pharmacopeia methods. In vitro dissolution was carried out and the profiles statistically analyzed using the similarity and difference factors in comparison with the innovator products. Results: All the tablets had uniform weights within official specification, diameter was between 16.37 and 19.44 mm. Friability values were between 0.01 and 0.06 %; within specification. Disintegration time for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin tablets was within 1.23 - 7.20 min and 3.19 - 12.90 min respectively; all met the specification. All (100 %) the ciprofloxacin brands met pharmacopeia requirement for drug release while only 60 % of the levofloxacin brands met this requirement. Comparatively A4 with f2 value of 41.62 % may not be interchangeable with the innovator brand while brands B2 and B4 with f2 values of 53.40 and 53.03 % respectively may be interchanged with the innovator brand or with each other. Conclusion:All the tablet brands were found to have good mechanical properties but only 75 % of the ciprofloxacin and 50 % of the levofloxacin tablet brands were found to be interchangeable with the innovator drug brands. This calls for concern as it brings to question the possible interchangeability of these brands with the innovator.
{"title":") Quality Assessment of Some Brands of Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin Tablets Circulating in Karu Local Government Area of Nasarawa state, Nigeria.","authors":"","doi":"10.51412/psnnjp.2023.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51412/psnnjp.2023.17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Circulation of poor-quality drugs has dire consequences on the health of consumers. Introduction of branded generics to ensure availability and affordability has shown potential for spread of poor-quality drugs. In this study, quality assessment of some commonly marketed ciprofloxacin (500 mg) and levofloxacin (500 mg) tablet brands in Karu Local Government Area (LGA) of Nasarawa State, Nigeria was evaluated. Methods: Five tablet brands including an innovator, of either drug were sourced from 5 different Pharmacies in the LGA. Tablets were coded A1-A5 and B1-B5 for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin brands respectively. Physical assessment of the tablets was done. Physico-mechanical properties, uniformity of weight, friability and disintegration time were also evaluated using pharmacopeia methods. In vitro dissolution was carried out and the profiles statistically analyzed using the similarity and difference factors in comparison with the innovator products. Results: All the tablets had uniform weights within official specification, diameter was between 16.37 and 19.44 mm. Friability values were between 0.01 and 0.06 %; within specification. Disintegration time for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin tablets was within 1.23 - 7.20 min and 3.19 - 12.90 min respectively; all met the specification. All (100 %) the ciprofloxacin brands met pharmacopeia requirement for drug release while only 60 % of the levofloxacin brands met this requirement. Comparatively A4 with f2 value of 41.62 % may not be interchangeable with the innovator brand while brands B2 and B4 with f2 values of 53.40 and 53.03 % respectively may be interchanged with the innovator brand or with each other. Conclusion:All the tablet brands were found to have good mechanical properties but only 75 % of the ciprofloxacin and 50 % of the levofloxacin tablet brands were found to be interchangeable with the innovator drug brands. This calls for concern as it brings to question the possible interchangeability of these brands with the innovator.","PeriodicalId":168366,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125838410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Point Prevalence Survey of Antibiotic Prescribing in three Nigerian public children’s hospitals.","authors":"","doi":"10.51412/psnnjp.2023.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51412/psnnjp.2023.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":168366,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133654564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protective Effect of Hydroethanolic extract of Datura metel leaves against Nicotine induced toxicity in albino rats","authors":"","doi":"10.51412/psnnjp.2023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51412/psnnjp.2023.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":168366,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131702926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Willingness to Pay for Medicines used in the Management of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Plateau State, Nigeria.","authors":"","doi":"10.51412/psnnjp.2023.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51412/psnnjp.2023.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":168366,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125656630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pharmacists-led diabetes care in Nigeria (2000-2022): A systematic review","authors":"","doi":"10.51412/psnnjp.2023.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51412/psnnjp.2023.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":168366,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"62 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116438966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The management of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media primarily employs the use of antimicrobial agents. In light of varying susceptibility of the infective organisms associated with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media to antimicrobials; with respect to geography, patient peculiarities and rise in antimicrobial resistance, it is important to study these patterns of susceptibility/resistance to aid in rational use of antimicrobials. Knowing these patterns would help curtail excessive (most times, unjustifiable) use of antimicrobials, leading to reduced side effects and cost. Hence, this study is aimed at studying these patterns at the National Ear Care Centre, Kaduna, Nigeria. Methods: The study was conducted in the National Ear Care Centre, Kaduna. It involved a retrospective review of Culture and sensitivity results of patients across all age groups who presented to the National Ear Care Centre, Kaduna, within a period of 2 years (February 2018 – January 2020). Total number of 315 cases identified, with 253 case files retrieved. Sensitivity data (for cases with such) were extracted and entered into Microsoft Excel 2010 for descriptive analysis. Results: Of the 315 patients who presented with CSOM, only 253 (80.32%) case files were accounted for. Patient ages ranges from 0.2 years to 78 years (Mean age 22.8 years), prevalence highest amongst age group 0-5 years (n=69, 21.9%). Clinical Isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=32, 50.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=20, 31.25%), Streptococcus specie (n=5, 7.81%), Candida specie (n=3, 4.69%), Proteus specie (n=2, 3.13%), Klebsiella specie (n=1, 1.56%) and Escherichia coli (n=1, 1.56%); Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas specie , Streptococcus specie , Proteus specie and Candida specie isolates were found to predominate in male. Antibiotic sensitivity was greatest with the Quinolones (89.4%), amongst all the recommended antimicrobials for treating Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, which are involved in this study. Conclusion: This study showed that both gram positive and gram negative bacteria are significantly involved in the aetiology of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with single bacteria specie involved in majority of cases. Treatment is best guided by Culture and sensitivity data. However, the broad spectrum antibiotics (Quinolones) are the best option for empirical treatment.
{"title":"Retrospective Study on the Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacterial Isolates in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media at the National Ear Care Centre Kaduna, Nigeria","authors":"Centre Kaduna","doi":"10.51412/psnnjp.2023.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51412/psnnjp.2023.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The management of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media primarily employs the use of antimicrobial agents. In light of varying susceptibility of the infective organisms associated with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media to antimicrobials; with respect to geography, patient peculiarities and rise in antimicrobial resistance, it is important to study these patterns of susceptibility/resistance to aid in rational use of antimicrobials. Knowing these patterns would help curtail excessive (most times, unjustifiable) use of antimicrobials, leading to reduced side effects and cost. Hence, this study is aimed at studying these patterns at the National Ear Care Centre, Kaduna, Nigeria. Methods: The study was conducted in the National Ear Care Centre, Kaduna. It involved a retrospective review of Culture and sensitivity results of patients across all age groups who presented to the National Ear Care Centre, Kaduna, within a period of 2 years (February 2018 – January 2020). Total number of 315 cases identified, with 253 case files retrieved. Sensitivity data (for cases with such) were extracted and entered into Microsoft Excel 2010 for descriptive analysis. Results: Of the 315 patients who presented with CSOM, only 253 (80.32%) case files were accounted for. Patient ages ranges from 0.2 years to 78 years (Mean age 22.8 years), prevalence highest amongst age group 0-5 years (n=69, 21.9%). Clinical Isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=32, 50.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=20, 31.25%), Streptococcus specie (n=5, 7.81%), Candida specie (n=3, 4.69%), Proteus specie (n=2, 3.13%), Klebsiella specie (n=1, 1.56%) and Escherichia coli (n=1, 1.56%); Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas specie , Streptococcus specie , Proteus specie and Candida specie isolates were found to predominate in male. Antibiotic sensitivity was greatest with the Quinolones (89.4%), amongst all the recommended antimicrobials for treating Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, which are involved in this study. Conclusion: This study showed that both gram positive and gram negative bacteria are significantly involved in the aetiology of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with single bacteria specie involved in majority of cases. Treatment is best guided by Culture and sensitivity data. However, the broad spectrum antibiotics (Quinolones) are the best option for empirical treatment.","PeriodicalId":168366,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127486380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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