This paper aims to explore how a political leader can propagate ideology through the tactful use of language. It has been investigated how different linguistic tools have been used to project or achieve political objectives. Therefore, the paper is devoted to the exploration of persuasive and manipulative strategies utilized by the democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton in her campaign speeches. This paper is framed under the scope of discourse analysis wherein three speeches of Hillary Clinton are highlighted to fathom the ways in which she mesmerizes her audience through the use of certain linguistic and rhetorical devices and crafts to inject her ultimate goal of persuading people and indoctrinate her ideology so as to gain as many voters as possible .The selected speeches have been analyzed qualitatively using analytical framework of Barbra Johnstone's work (2008) about persuasive strategies.
{"title":"Persuasive Strategies in Hillary Clinton’s Presidential Campaign Speeches","authors":"A. D. Darweesh, Manar Kareem Mehdi","doi":"10.5296/elr.v5i2.15489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/elr.v5i2.15489","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to explore how a political leader can propagate ideology through the tactful use of language. It has been investigated how different linguistic tools have been used to project or achieve political objectives. Therefore, the paper is devoted to the exploration of persuasive and manipulative strategies utilized by the democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton in her campaign speeches. This paper is framed under the scope of discourse analysis wherein three speeches of Hillary Clinton are highlighted to fathom the ways in which she mesmerizes her audience through the use of certain linguistic and rhetorical devices and crafts to inject her ultimate goal of persuading people and indoctrinate her ideology so as to gain as many voters as possible .The selected speeches have been analyzed qualitatively using analytical framework of Barbra Johnstone's work (2008) about persuasive strategies.","PeriodicalId":169592,"journal":{"name":"Education and Linguistics Research","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129543973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports the findings of a study that investigated why a large number of test takers show a low performance in four language skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing) offered in an entry test used by a College of Technology in Oman to place students in advanced diploma and bachelor’s degree programs. The main research question was meant to find out what difficulties the test takers face in the three tests (Listening, reading and writing) in two semesters. The study analyzed the entry test results for two semesters including a survey results obtained from the test takers regarding the difficulties experienced by them in the three tests and an analysis of writing answer scripts. The findings indicate that most test takers were not qualified enough to pursue their studies in the advanced diploma or bachelor’s degree programs due to their low performance in the entry test. The findings, moreover, suggest that the current placement test poses difficulties for most test takers. Therefore, based on the findings, the possible reasons for the low performance of the test takers and the fairness of the entry test are explicitly discussed and finally, suggestions and recommendations for addressing the issue of the current entry test are offered.
{"title":"Post-Foundation Students’ Perceived Difficulties of an In-House Entry Test in the Context of Technological Education in Oman","authors":"S. Samaranayake, Joaquin Jr. Gabayno","doi":"10.5296/elr.v5i2.15095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/elr.v5i2.15095","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the findings of a study that investigated why a large number of test takers show a low performance in four language skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing) offered in an entry test used by a College of Technology in Oman to place students in advanced diploma and bachelor’s degree programs. The main research question was meant to find out what difficulties the test takers face in the three tests (Listening, reading and writing) in two semesters. The study analyzed the entry test results for two semesters including a survey results obtained from the test takers regarding the difficulties experienced by them in the three tests and an analysis of writing answer scripts. The findings indicate that most test takers were not qualified enough to pursue their studies in the advanced diploma or bachelor’s degree programs due to their low performance in the entry test. The findings, moreover, suggest that the current placement test poses difficulties for most test takers. Therefore, based on the findings, the possible reasons for the low performance of the test takers and the fairness of the entry test are explicitly discussed and finally, suggestions and recommendations for addressing the issue of the current entry test are offered.","PeriodicalId":169592,"journal":{"name":"Education and Linguistics Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124716956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study took place in Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Sindh Paksitan. This University is in the general category with 29 departments. Keeping in mind the regional context, a questionnaire containing adapted and adopted statements from Attitude Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) and other questionnaires of L2 (second language) motivation researchers was developed. The participants of the study were 350 students (178 males and 172 females) from first year of undergraduate courses. The study aimed at inquiring if there was gender-wise difference among the students in the integrative motivation for learning English. The L2 motivation study in the area of gender-wise differences has yet to accumulate in Pakistan. The worldwide literature on the topic also suggests dearth of it internationally and a variance in results. Traditionally, gender-based differences have been found in favour of females (scoring high in integrative and instrumental motivation). However, this study found no such difference.
{"title":"To Investigate Gender Based Difference in Undergraduate Students’ L2 Integrative Motivation","authors":"M. Ahmed, S. Lohar, Habibullah Pathan","doi":"10.5296/ELR.V5I2.15188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ELR.V5I2.15188","url":null,"abstract":"This study took place in Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Sindh Paksitan. This University is in the general category with 29 departments. Keeping in mind the regional context, a questionnaire containing adapted and adopted statements from Attitude Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) and other questionnaires of L2 (second language) motivation researchers was developed. The participants of the study were 350 students (178 males and 172 females) from first year of undergraduate courses. The study aimed at inquiring if there was gender-wise difference among the students in the integrative motivation for learning English. The L2 motivation study in the area of gender-wise differences has yet to accumulate in Pakistan. The worldwide literature on the topic also suggests dearth of it internationally and a variance in results. Traditionally, gender-based differences have been found in favour of females (scoring high in integrative and instrumental motivation). However, this study found no such difference.","PeriodicalId":169592,"journal":{"name":"Education and Linguistics Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125187435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motivation is a great stimuli for learning (Schmid, Palminteri, Lafargue, & Pessiglione, 2010) and learning a second language involves integrative and instrumental motivation (Curral & Marques- Quenterio, 2009). Influences of motivation in interior Sindh, Pakistan, speak volumes of factors. This study investigates the motivation of collegiate students at Government Degree College Mehar for learning English as a second language. Furthermore, to know the factors instrumental or integrative that motivated students for learning English language, the quantitative design was employed to conduct the research. The questionnaire encompasses 20 close ended items which were adapted from Gardener’s AMTB. The questionnaire is based on 5 point Likert scale, and the data were collected from 180 participants at Government Degree College Mehar. Data were analyzed through SPSS. The findings reveal that highest mean of the item number (1) is (4.73) and it reflects participants are instrumentally motivated whereas they are less integrative motivated. The parental influence has also shown positive results. As it is evident from the item number (11) that excelled in mean of the above item as (4.21). The parental encouragement has boosted the interest as well as confidence of the children for learning English language. The students’ over all attitude for learning English language is found greater in the mean item number (9) as (4.42) which all support that instrumental motivation plays major role for learning English at Government Degree College Mehar. The study recommends that functional and practical courses should be added in syllabi to enable students to achieve their instrumental aim and objectives.
{"title":"An Investigation of Collegiate Students’ Motivation and Its Impact on Attitude for Learning English as a Second Language at Government Degree College Mehar","authors":"Mumtaz Ali Khokhar, S. Lohar","doi":"10.5296/ELR.V5I2.15010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ELR.V5I2.15010","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation is a great stimuli for learning (Schmid, Palminteri, Lafargue, & Pessiglione, 2010) and learning a second language involves integrative and instrumental motivation (Curral & Marques- Quenterio, 2009). Influences of motivation in interior Sindh, Pakistan, speak volumes of factors. This study investigates the motivation of collegiate students at Government Degree College Mehar for learning English as a second language. Furthermore, to know the factors instrumental or integrative that motivated students for learning English language, the quantitative design was employed to conduct the research. The questionnaire encompasses 20 close ended items which were adapted from Gardener’s AMTB. The questionnaire is based on 5 point Likert scale, and the data were collected from 180 participants at Government Degree College Mehar. Data were analyzed through SPSS. The findings reveal that highest mean of the item number (1) is (4.73) and it reflects participants are instrumentally motivated whereas they are less integrative motivated. The parental influence has also shown positive results. As it is evident from the item number (11) that excelled in mean of the above item as (4.21). The parental encouragement has boosted the interest as well as confidence of the children for learning English language. The students’ over all attitude for learning English language is found greater in the mean item number (9) as (4.42) which all support that instrumental motivation plays major role for learning English at Government Degree College Mehar. The study recommends that functional and practical courses should be added in syllabi to enable students to achieve their instrumental aim and objectives.","PeriodicalId":169592,"journal":{"name":"Education and Linguistics Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129362730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This mixed-methods study investigated10 Saudi EFL university students’ perceptions of the use of authentic literary materials in an intensive three-week reading intervention involving Charles Dickens’ novel Great Expectations. Participants were equally divided into an experimental group and a control group. The study collected quantitative data from a pre-test and post-test to measure reading progress and collected qualitative data through semi-structured interviews. The results showed participants held positive attitudes about using interactive instruction with authentic literary texts, such as novels, in the Saudi EFL reading classroom. Despite this positive attitude, participants faced some challenges in their initial exposure to the experiment, mainly due to a lack of vocabulary and being unaccustomed to reading such a long text.
{"title":"Using an English Novel to Improve Saudi EFL Reading Skills","authors":"H. Alshammari, E. A. Ahmed","doi":"10.5296/ELR.V5I2.14710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ELR.V5I2.14710","url":null,"abstract":"This mixed-methods study investigated10 Saudi EFL university students’ perceptions of the use of authentic literary materials in an intensive three-week reading intervention involving Charles Dickens’ novel Great Expectations. Participants were equally divided into an experimental group and a control group. The study collected quantitative data from a pre-test and post-test to measure reading progress and collected qualitative data through semi-structured interviews. The results showed participants held positive attitudes about using interactive instruction with authentic literary texts, such as novels, in the Saudi EFL reading classroom. Despite this positive attitude, participants faced some challenges in their initial exposure to the experiment, mainly due to a lack of vocabulary and being unaccustomed to reading such a long text.","PeriodicalId":169592,"journal":{"name":"Education and Linguistics Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125696946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper scrutinizes the key discourses present in the policy texts about women subject to violence in Morocco in order to examine the macrostructures that constitute the backbone of these documents. The overall objective is to see whether the discourse prevalent in the policy environment and articulated in a specific document named “Tamkine” opposes or agrees with the human rights discourse. It will be shown that the official government and the human rights one constitute two different poles in their approach to gender violence in Morocco.
{"title":"Legitimation in Moroccan Policy Texts","authors":"Badia Elharraki","doi":"10.5296/ELR.V5I2.14721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ELR.V5I2.14721","url":null,"abstract":"This paper scrutinizes the key discourses present in the policy texts about women subject to violence in Morocco in order to examine the macrostructures that constitute the backbone of these documents. The overall objective is to see whether the discourse prevalent in the policy environment and articulated in a specific document named “Tamkine” opposes or agrees with the human rights discourse. It will be shown that the official government and the human rights one constitute two different poles in their approach to gender violence in Morocco.","PeriodicalId":169592,"journal":{"name":"Education and Linguistics Research","volume":"244 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121231242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of ‘Enhancing the quality of foreign language learning through extracurricular programs for students’ was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM) from May to August of 2015. The research objectives are to explore students’ needs of English extracurricular activities and evaluate the feasibility of certain extracurricular activities, from which propose appropriate English extracurricular programs for students. The study applied qualitative and quantitative methods, using questionnaires to survey the students’ needs of English extracurricular activities and interviews with university leaders on practical experience in implementing extracurricular programs. There were 3000 of 8000 students living in VNU-HCM dormitory B participated in the survey, representing 37%. The research results showed that: the objective of joining in English extracurricular activities was to develop English communicative skills with the highest agreement rate of nearly 90%, followed by that of improving academic English and professional English that gained 80% of agreement. In addition, considering only the question received more than 60% of agreement, the degree of participation in extracurricular activities was different according to each objective. For English extracurricular activities focusing on academic English, the form of short-term training was selected most, about 70% of agreement, and the other forms such as Eloquence and Writing Composition were agreed about 60%. For enhancing professional English, the forms of Company Tour and Exhibition Fair had the participation rate reaching over 80%, followed by Workshop with the rate of 70%. For improving English communicative skills, the results showed that: the favourable activities received over 80% of agreement consisting of watching movies, listening to music, tourism and speaking clubs; Those were agreed by 60-70% of students included: gameshow, art festival, book cafe, puzzle, karaoke, lunch hour; And the less attractive forms with under 60% of agreement were sports, dramas and songs writing in English.
{"title":"Enhancing the Quality of Foreign Language Learning Through Extracurricular Programs for Vietnamese Students","authors":"C. Nguyen","doi":"10.5296/ELR.V5I2.14980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ELR.V5I2.14980","url":null,"abstract":"The study of ‘Enhancing the quality of foreign language learning through extracurricular programs for students’ was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM) from May to August of 2015. The research objectives are to explore students’ needs of English extracurricular activities and evaluate the feasibility of certain extracurricular activities, from which propose appropriate English extracurricular programs for students. The study applied qualitative and quantitative methods, using questionnaires to survey the students’ needs of English extracurricular activities and interviews with university leaders on practical experience in implementing extracurricular programs. There were 3000 of 8000 students living in VNU-HCM dormitory B participated in the survey, representing 37%. The research results showed that: the objective of joining in English extracurricular activities was to develop English communicative skills with the highest agreement rate of nearly 90%, followed by that of improving academic English and professional English that gained 80% of agreement. In addition, considering only the question received more than 60% of agreement, the degree of participation in extracurricular activities was different according to each objective. For English extracurricular activities focusing on academic English, the form of short-term training was selected most, about 70% of agreement, and the other forms such as Eloquence and Writing Composition were agreed about 60%. For enhancing professional English, the forms of Company Tour and Exhibition Fair had the participation rate reaching over 80%, followed by Workshop with the rate of 70%. For improving English communicative skills, the results showed that: the favourable activities received over 80% of agreement consisting of watching movies, listening to music, tourism and speaking clubs; Those were agreed by 60-70% of students included: gameshow, art festival, book cafe, puzzle, karaoke, lunch hour; And the less attractive forms with under 60% of agreement were sports, dramas and songs writing in English.","PeriodicalId":169592,"journal":{"name":"Education and Linguistics Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133348664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aisha Faryal, Habibullah Pathan, Amina bibi Bhatti, A. Bhatti
In Pakistan, English is used as a second language in all academic and professional domains. Achieving oral fluency becomes obligatory for students so that they can proficiently participate in the formal discussions, debates and presentations. Communication Apprehension is the fear of speaking. It hinders the speakers from communicating confidently and fluently. The purpose of this paper is to explore the feelings of students during communication and to identify the level of oral communication apprehension faced by engineering students. In this study, quantitative method was used to measure communication apprehension among the respondents. Data was collected through surveys by using random sampling procedure and analysed through the SPSS software. An adapted version of McCroskey PRCA-24 instrument was used to conduct data, 18 items were selected according to requirement of this study. The questionnaire comprises of twenty-four items for respondent’s feelings while their communication with peers majorly in four tasks of communication: group discussions, meetings, interpersonal conversations and public speaking.The “meeting” section was omitted. The questionnaire was developed to measure the respondents’ communication apprehension in the above stated communicative tasks. The findings of the study show that the students have high communication apprehension during participation in public speaking and formal discussions whereas low apprehension was reported during participation in group discussions.
{"title":"A Survey of Communication Apprehension in English Among Engineering Students","authors":"Aisha Faryal, Habibullah Pathan, Amina bibi Bhatti, A. Bhatti","doi":"10.5296/ELR.V5I1.14833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ELR.V5I1.14833","url":null,"abstract":"In Pakistan, English is used as a second language in all academic and professional domains. Achieving oral fluency becomes obligatory for students so that they can proficiently participate in the formal discussions, debates and presentations. Communication Apprehension is the fear of speaking. It hinders the speakers from communicating confidently and fluently. The purpose of this paper is to explore the feelings of students during communication and to identify the level of oral communication apprehension faced by engineering students. In this study, quantitative method was used to measure communication apprehension among the respondents. Data was collected through surveys by using random sampling procedure and analysed through the SPSS software. An adapted version of McCroskey PRCA-24 instrument was used to conduct data, 18 items were selected according to requirement of this study. The questionnaire comprises of twenty-four items for respondent’s feelings while their communication with peers majorly in four tasks of communication: group discussions, meetings, interpersonal conversations and public speaking.The “meeting” section was omitted. The questionnaire was developed to measure the respondents’ communication apprehension in the above stated communicative tasks. The findings of the study show that the students have high communication apprehension during participation in public speaking and formal discussions whereas low apprehension was reported during participation in group discussions.","PeriodicalId":169592,"journal":{"name":"Education and Linguistics Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133105268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this modern world where everything is connected with new technologies and internet. Under control of the internet and new technological inventions, it is hard to undermine their contribution to foreign language teaching. This study pertains to the beginner level students doing English language diploma courses in their initial stage at a private English learning institute located in Sindh province of Pakistan. The study aims at investigating English teaching practices through SS method (Student to student) such as pair work and group study and reduce TS method (Teacher student) of teaching. In such methods modern technology such as visualizer and multimedia (modern technology) are great help for practicing a language teaching. The use of aids and tools is one of the useful resources for language learning and teaching in an easy manner. Most of the researchers’ interest lies in action research and carried out different cycles of action research such as planning, acting, observation and reflection. The study used convenient sampling to recruit participants (n=20). Data for the study included open-ended questionnaires, classroom observations and semi –structured interviews from students as well as researchers’ reflections as a supplementary source of data. The study finds multimedia usage crucial, especially by the young generation of language teachers who understand and support the idea of technology in the classroom, on the contrary to the older generation which criticizes and underestimates its importance.
在这个一切都与新技术和互联网联系在一起的现代世界里。在互联网和新技术发明的控制下，很难削弱他们对外语教学的贡献。本研究针对的是在巴基斯坦信德省一家私立英语学习机构学习初级英语文凭课程的初级学生。本研究旨在探讨通过配对工作、小组学习等SS方法(Student to Student)和减少TS方法(Teacher - Student)教学的英语教学实践。在这些方法中，可视化工具和多媒体(现代技术)等现代技术对语言教学的实践有很大的帮助。使用辅助工具和工具是语言学习和简单教学的有用资源之一。研究者的兴趣大多集中在行动研究上，并进行了计划、行动、观察、反思等不同周期的行动研究。本研究采用方便抽样方法招募参与者(n=20)。该研究的数据包括开放式问卷调查、课堂观察和学生的半结构化访谈，以及作为补充数据来源的研究人员的反思。研究发现，多媒体的使用至关重要，尤其是年轻一代的语言教师，他们理解并支持课堂上的技术理念，而与之相反的是，老一代教师批评并低估了多媒体的重要性。
{"title":"Teaching English Through Modern Technology: A Study of Private Language Centers, Sindh Pakistan","authors":"S. Kousar, Shabana Sartaj, S. W. Shah, S. Lohar","doi":"10.5296/ELR.V5I1.14575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ELR.V5I1.14575","url":null,"abstract":"In this modern world where everything is connected with new technologies and internet. Under control of the internet and new technological inventions, it is hard to undermine their contribution to foreign language teaching. This study pertains to the beginner level students doing English language diploma courses in their initial stage at a private English learning institute located in Sindh province of Pakistan. The study aims at investigating English teaching practices through SS method (Student to student) such as pair work and group study and reduce TS method (Teacher student) of teaching. In such methods modern technology such as visualizer and multimedia (modern technology) are great help for practicing a language teaching. The use of aids and tools is one of the useful resources for language learning and teaching in an easy manner. Most of the researchers’ interest lies in action research and carried out different cycles of action research such as planning, acting, observation and reflection. The study used convenient sampling to recruit participants (n=20). Data for the study included open-ended questionnaires, classroom observations and semi –structured interviews from students as well as researchers’ reflections as a supplementary source of data. The study finds multimedia usage crucial, especially by the young generation of language teachers who understand and support the idea of technology in the classroom, on the contrary to the older generation which criticizes and underestimates its importance.","PeriodicalId":169592,"journal":{"name":"Education and Linguistics Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117301906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Images are in the form of pictures are often used to make books more attractive or more reader-friendly. Images are iconic signs that also convey some meaning. Unlike texts, the messages conveyed by images are less direct and affect human consciousness. This study offers critical analysis of images used in language textbooks from grade 1 to 5 used in government schools of Sindh, Pakistan. The aim of the study is to analyze what and how power relations are maintained and propagated through iconic signs, and how socioeconomic division and nationalist ideology is reproduced by the state through images. The analysis of images shows the portraying of reality in textbooks that legitimizes power relations. Based on Barthe’s image theory, the theoretical framework is adapted from Fitsumbirhan (2006) for the critical analysis of the images.
{"title":"Power Relation Reproduction Through Images: A Critical Semiotic Analysis of Language Textbooks","authors":"Hajra Y. Pardesi","doi":"10.5296/ELR.V5I1.14803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/ELR.V5I1.14803","url":null,"abstract":"Images are in the form of pictures are often used to make books more attractive or more reader-friendly. Images are iconic signs that also convey some meaning. Unlike texts, the messages conveyed by images are less direct and affect human consciousness. This study offers critical analysis of images used in language textbooks from grade 1 to 5 used in government schools of Sindh, Pakistan. The aim of the study is to analyze what and how power relations are maintained and propagated through iconic signs, and how socioeconomic division and nationalist ideology is reproduced by the state through images. The analysis of images shows the portraying of reality in textbooks that legitimizes power relations. Based on Barthe’s image theory, the theoretical framework is adapted from Fitsumbirhan (2006) for the critical analysis of the images.","PeriodicalId":169592,"journal":{"name":"Education and Linguistics Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126643825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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