Purpose: The ocular surface is the first structure to absorb light and transfer it to retina to form images. However, the effect of different wavelengths and light exposure timing could harm the eye. The current study aims to measure light exposure and its correlation to the ocular surface. Study Design: Cross sectional observational. Place and Duration of Study: Qassim University, from March to September 2023. Methods: Light sensor buttons (RGB) were used in the current study (LYS technologies); 53 subjects were asked to wear them on the collar for one week, followed by a visit to the optometry clinic for an eye examination by bio-microscopy and Schirmer I test. Consequently, readings from Kerato-graph 5M were obtained. Lastly, participants were asked to fill out a validated Arabic OSDI questionnaire. Results: Results of the dry eye symptoms scale revealed that 24.5% had mild symptoms, and 20.8% of participants reported severe dry eye symptoms. A negative correlation between the Schirmer test and OSDI scores was found. Blue light exposure at night was negatively correlated to tear meniscus height (P <0.05). Moreover, tear meniscus height was lower in participants with higher exposure to the red component of light during the day and higher melanotic lux in the daytime (P<0.05). Tear breakup time was lower in patients exposed to higher melanopic lux during nighttime (p<0.05). Conclusion: Light exposure habits are associated with some dry eye parameters. Moreover, light at night, especially melanopic lux wave-length is a risk factor for developing dry eye disease.
{"title":"Light Exposure in Young University Students: Effect on Ocular Surface Health","authors":"Hanan Awad Alkozi","doi":"10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1834","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The ocular surface is the first structure to absorb light and transfer it to retina to form images. However, the effect of different wavelengths and light exposure timing could harm the eye. The current study aims to measure light exposure and its correlation to the ocular surface.\u0000Study Design: Cross sectional observational.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Qassim University, from March to September 2023.\u0000Methods: Light sensor buttons (RGB) were used in the current study (LYS technologies); 53 subjects were asked to wear them on the collar for one week, followed by a visit to the optometry clinic for an eye examination by bio-microscopy and Schirmer I test. Consequently, readings from Kerato-graph 5M were obtained. Lastly, participants were asked to fill out a validated Arabic OSDI questionnaire.\u0000Results: Results of the dry eye symptoms scale revealed that 24.5% had mild symptoms, and 20.8% of participants reported severe dry eye symptoms. A negative correlation between the Schirmer test and OSDI scores was found. Blue light exposure at night was negatively correlated to tear meniscus height (P <0.05). Moreover, tear meniscus height was lower in participants with higher exposure to the red component of light during the day and higher melanotic lux in the daytime (P<0.05). Tear breakup time was lower in patients exposed to higher melanopic lux during nighttime (p<0.05).\u0000Conclusion: Light exposure habits are associated with some dry eye parameters. Moreover, light at night, especially melanopic lux wave-length is a risk factor for developing dry eye disease.","PeriodicalId":169886,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"104 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141697247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farah Tariq, Muhammad Mateen Amir, Zahid Mehmood, Anwar ul Haq Hashmi
Purpose: To identify self-medications used by patients as initial treatment for various eye problems and to analyze associated complications. Study Design: Cross sectional. Place and Duration of Study: Al-Khidmat teaching hospital, (University of Lahore) from October 2021 to September 2022. Method: This study included 117 patients using traditional eye medications (TEM) and over the counter (OTC) ophthalmic drugs before presenting in ophthalmic outdoor. A semi structured questionnaire was used as a tool to collect the data. All patients aged 18 years and above were directly questioned. For patients below 18 years, responses were collected from the patients themselves when possible; otherwise, the accompanying parent provided the information. Age, gender, educational status and area of residence were recorded. The symptoms compelling the use of TEM/OTC or both, the source and type of medication, diagnosis and any complications that resulted due to self-medication were documented. Complete ocular examination was done. MS Excel was used to record and analyze data. Results: There were 48% males and 52% females. Rosewater was the most frequently used TEM by 54.7%. Steroids-antibiotic combination eyedrops/ointments were used by 31.6%. Symptoms for which self-medication was done, were redness (64.1%), watering (35.9%), itching (32.5%) and discharge (26.5%). Symptoms did not improve in 54.7%, 26.5% required ophthalmic consultation and only 18.8% had temporary relief. Twelve percent developed complications. Conclusion: Self-medication with TEM or OTC drugs should be discouraged as these can cause detrimental effects on eyes.
{"title":"Self-medication as an Initial Treatment and its Associated Complications in Ophthalmic Patients at Al-Khidmat Teaching Hospital, Mansoorah, Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"Farah Tariq, Muhammad Mateen Amir, Zahid Mehmood, Anwar ul Haq Hashmi","doi":"10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1797","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To identify self-medications used by patients as initial treatment for various eye problems and to analyze associated complications.\u0000Study Design: Cross sectional.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Al-Khidmat teaching hospital, (University of Lahore) from October 2021 to September 2022.\u0000Method: This study included 117 patients using traditional eye medications (TEM) and over the counter (OTC) ophthalmic drugs before presenting in ophthalmic outdoor. A semi structured questionnaire was used as a tool to collect the data. All patients aged 18 years and above were directly questioned. For patients below 18 years, responses were collected from the patients themselves when possible; otherwise, the accompanying parent provided the information. Age, gender, educational status and area of residence were recorded. The symptoms compelling the use of TEM/OTC or both, the source and type of medication, diagnosis and any complications that resulted due to self-medication were documented. Complete ocular examination was done. MS Excel was used to record and analyze data.\u0000Results: There were 48% males and 52% females. Rosewater was the most frequently used TEM by 54.7%. Steroids-antibiotic combination eyedrops/ointments were used by 31.6%. Symptoms for which self-medication was done, were redness (64.1%), watering (35.9%), itching (32.5%) and discharge (26.5%). Symptoms did not improve in 54.7%, 26.5% required ophthalmic consultation and only 18.8% had temporary relief. Twelve percent developed complications.\u0000Conclusion: Self-medication with TEM or OTC drugs should be discouraged as these can cause detrimental effects on eyes.","PeriodicalId":169886,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"92 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141697148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jalpa Bai, Hina Shaikh, Ghulam Mujtaba Sohu, A. K. Narsani, A. M. Waryah
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the common mutations of (Oculocutaneous albinism) OCA1 and OCA2 genes in Sindhi Inbred Families. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Pakistan, from October, 2020 to September, 2022. Methods: Forty-four patients of eight families with clinically diagnosed OCA and Ocular albinism (OA) with or without family history were recruited for this study and all affected individuals other than OCA were excluded from the study. A single missense substitution was identified in the OCA1 and OCA2 using PolyPhen 2, Mutation Taster and I-Mutant software. Results: Out of 8 randomly chosen OCA afflicted families, there were two carriers and two affected individuals identified in family III. In exon 4 of the OCA1 gene, a common mutation (homozygous) c.1255 G>A (p.Gly419Arg) was identified. In three-generation pedigree for the albinism family VII was identified, including two affected, one carrier, and two normal people. Participants in this family who carried the 1045-15 T>G mutation in the OCA2 gene were affected. Conclusion: Albinism affected individuals in Pakistan have varying phenotypic and genetic presentations. This is due to the fact that the population of Pakistan and those of Sindhi ancestry are heavily inbred, consanguineous, segregated, and afflicted by hereditary diseases.
{"title":"Molecular Analysis of OCA1 and OCA2 Genes in Sindhi Inbred Families","authors":"Jalpa Bai, Hina Shaikh, Ghulam Mujtaba Sohu, A. K. Narsani, A. M. Waryah","doi":"10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1813","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the common mutations of (Oculocutaneous albinism) OCA1 and OCA2 genes in Sindhi Inbred Families.\u0000Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Pakistan, from October, 2020 to September, 2022.\u0000Methods: Forty-four patients of eight families with clinically diagnosed OCA and Ocular albinism (OA) with or without family history were recruited for this study and all affected individuals other than OCA were excluded from the study. A single missense substitution was identified in the OCA1 and OCA2 using PolyPhen 2, Mutation Taster and I-Mutant software.\u0000Results: Out of 8 randomly chosen OCA afflicted families, there were two carriers and two affected individuals identified in family III. In exon 4 of the OCA1 gene, a common mutation (homozygous) c.1255 G>A (p.Gly419Arg) was identified. In three-generation pedigree for the albinism family VII was identified, including two affected, one carrier, and two normal people. Participants in this family who carried the 1045-15 T>G mutation in the OCA2 gene were affected.\u0000Conclusion: Albinism affected individuals in Pakistan have varying phenotypic and genetic presentations. This is due to the fact that the population of Pakistan and those of Sindhi ancestry are heavily inbred, consanguineous, segregated, and afflicted by hereditary diseases.","PeriodicalId":169886,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"32 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141702794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bakht Samar Khan, Saleem Iqbal, Bakht Danyal Khan, Zubeda Irshad, Imdad Ullah
Purpose: To determine thecorrelation of Mean Ocular Perfusion Pressure (MOPP) with Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)and normal tension glaucoma. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Khyber Teaching hospital, Peshawar from July, 2017 to December, 2019. Methods: A total of 375 patients with POAG were admitted in the hospital. Patients with variable blood pressure (BP) on admission or history of blood pressure or using anti-hypertensive drugs were selected. Patients with secondary Glaucoma, Primary Angle closure Glaucoma, patients with Diabetes mellitus and age below 40 years were excluded. Finally,200 patients were recruited by convenience sampling. Forty-eight hours monitoring of MAP and Intra ocular pressure (IOP) phasing were done. MAP, MOPP and peak IOP were charted. Results: MAP and MOPP variabilitywas observed in 53% of patients with POAG. The Pearson co-relation coefficient for those patients in which intervention had yet not been done was -0.460 suggesting a moderate negative correlation between MOPP and IOP (p value <0.01). In IOP controlled patients, the coefficient was -0.346 (p<0.01). Theresults showed a negative correlation between the two values in both data sets. The correlation co-efficient for MAP and IOP in both pre-admission and controlled IOP patients showed strong positive correlation (0.816 and 0.854 respectively for two tailed tests with 0.01 significance). Conclusion: MOPP, MAP and IOP are correlated and their determination is important in all Primary Open Angle Glaucoma particularly in Normal Tension Glaucoma.
{"title":"Ocular Perfusion Pressure in Primary Open Angle","authors":"Bakht Samar Khan, Saleem Iqbal, Bakht Danyal Khan, Zubeda Irshad, Imdad Ullah","doi":"10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1746","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine thecorrelation of Mean Ocular Perfusion Pressure (MOPP) with Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)and normal tension glaucoma.\u0000Study Design: Cross sectional study.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Khyber Teaching hospital, Peshawar from July, 2017 to December, 2019.\u0000Methods: A total of 375 patients with POAG were admitted in the hospital. Patients with variable blood pressure (BP) on admission or history of blood pressure or using anti-hypertensive drugs were selected. Patients with secondary Glaucoma, Primary Angle closure Glaucoma, patients with Diabetes mellitus and age below 40 years were excluded. Finally,200 patients were recruited by convenience sampling. Forty-eight hours monitoring of MAP and Intra ocular pressure (IOP) phasing were done. MAP, MOPP and peak IOP were charted.\u0000Results: MAP and MOPP variabilitywas observed in 53% of patients with POAG. The Pearson co-relation coefficient for those patients in which intervention had yet not been done was -0.460 suggesting a moderate negative correlation between MOPP and IOP (p value <0.01). In IOP controlled patients, the coefficient was -0.346 (p<0.01). Theresults showed a negative correlation between the two values in both data sets. The correlation co-efficient for MAP and IOP in both pre-admission and controlled IOP patients showed strong positive correlation (0.816 and 0.854 respectively for two tailed tests with 0.01 significance).\u0000Conclusion: MOPP, MAP and IOP are correlated and their determination is important in all Primary Open Angle Glaucoma particularly in Normal Tension Glaucoma.","PeriodicalId":169886,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141706143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To determine the effect of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel in post-operative development of epiretinal membrane and to see visual outcomes of patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy with and without ILM peel. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Retina clinic of Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital from July, 2022 to Dec, 2022. Methods: A total of 60 eyes which underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil for Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) were included. Patients with previous vitreoretinal surgery or ocular trauma, macular diseases or coexisting conditions that could affect the outcomes or complicate the surgery were excluded. Group A included patients with ILM peel and Group B included patients with no ILM peel (30 eyes each). Frequency was calculated for gender, epiretinal membrane formation. and was compared between both groups using chi square. Results: Mean age in group A was 47.63 ± 8.61 years and in group B was 45.36 ± 6.63 years. Gender distribution showed 66.6% males in group A and 43.3% in group B. After 3 months the group A had significantly lower frequency of ERM formation (3.33%) as compared to group B (16.67%) with p <0.05. However, post operativevisual acuity was not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that primary ILM peel diminishes the development of ERM and decreases the need for second surgical procedure. However, postsurgical visual acuity between the two groups showed no significant difference.
{"title":"Primary Internal Limiting Membrane Peel and Its Effects on Epiretinal Membrane After Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment","authors":"Uzma Haseeb, Muhammad Haseeb, Tauseef Mahmood","doi":"10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1792","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine the effect of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel in post-operative development of epiretinal membrane and to see visual outcomes of patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy with and without ILM peel.\u0000Study Design: Quasi experimental study.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Retina clinic of Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital from July, 2022 to Dec, 2022.\u0000Methods: A total of 60 eyes which underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil for Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) were included. Patients with previous vitreoretinal surgery or ocular trauma, macular diseases or coexisting conditions that could affect the outcomes or complicate the surgery were excluded. Group A included patients with ILM peel and Group B included patients with no ILM peel (30 eyes each). Frequency was calculated for gender, epiretinal membrane formation. and was compared between both groups using chi square.\u0000Results: Mean age in group A was 47.63 ± 8.61 years and in group B was 45.36 ± 6.63 years. Gender distribution showed 66.6% males in group A and 43.3% in group B. After 3 months the group A had significantly lower frequency of ERM formation (3.33%) as compared to group B (16.67%) with p <0.05. However, post operativevisual acuity was not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05).\u0000Conclusion: This study shows that primary ILM peel diminishes the development of ERM and decreases the need for second surgical procedure. However, postsurgical visual acuity between the two groups showed no significant difference.","PeriodicalId":169886,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2001 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Noncontact instruments like Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging allows assessment of corneal Pachymetry with good repeatability and reproducibility as compared to ultrasound. We aimed to differentiate corneal thinnest point and central corneal thickness on basis of magnitude and location, and its relation to age, sex, laterality, spherical equivalent and astigmatism in myopes. Study Design: Correlational study. Place and Duration of Study: Hashmanis Hospital Karachi from March 2021 to May 2021. Methods: We enrolled 92 eyes (38 males, 54 females) of myopic adult patients from age 19-52 years. Pre-screening of myopes (-0.75DS to -8.00DS) included refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundoscopy. Participants with ocular disease, previous ocular surgery, contact lens and history of any eye drops use were excluded from the study. Pentacam was used to determine CCT, thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) and vector location of TCT. Results: Majority (77%) of the eyes had myopic astigmatism whereas 23% had simple myopia. We found statistically significant difference between CCT and TCT. Inferotemporal and inferonasal displacements of TCT were noted. No difference was noted between TCT and its location among the two sexes. We observed that alteration among the CCT and TCT in both age groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: CCT and TCT are separate measurements and both are important since their magnitudes and locations might differ greatly especially with age. Both reading have significance in determining post-operative risk of corneal ectasia, assessment for refractive surgeries and early detection of ectatic conditions like keratoconus.
{"title":"Thinnest Point of the Cornea Compared with the Central Corneal Thickness of Myopic Eyes Measured with Pentacam Scheimpflug System","authors":"Zoomar Muzammil, Sharif Hashmani, Nauman Hashmani, Javaria Saleem, Aiman Monis","doi":"10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1749","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Noncontact instruments like Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging allows assessment of corneal Pachymetry with good repeatability and reproducibility as compared to ultrasound. We aimed to differentiate corneal thinnest point and central corneal thickness on basis of magnitude and location, and its relation to age, sex, laterality, spherical equivalent and astigmatism in myopes.\u0000Study Design: Correlational study.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Hashmanis Hospital Karachi from March 2021 to May 2021.\u0000Methods: We enrolled 92 eyes (38 males, 54 females) of myopic adult patients from age 19-52 years. Pre-screening of myopes (-0.75DS to -8.00DS) included refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundoscopy. Participants with ocular disease, previous ocular surgery, contact lens and history of any eye drops use were excluded from the study. Pentacam was used to determine CCT, thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) and vector location of TCT.\u0000Results: Majority (77%) of the eyes had myopic astigmatism whereas 23% had simple myopia. We found statistically significant difference between CCT and TCT. Inferotemporal and inferonasal displacements of TCT were noted. No difference was noted between TCT and its location among the two sexes. We observed that alteration among the CCT and TCT in both age groups was statistically significant.\u0000Conclusion: CCT and TCT are separate measurements and both are important since their magnitudes and locations might differ greatly especially with age. Both reading have significance in determining post-operative risk of corneal ectasia, assessment for refractive surgeries and early detection of ectatic conditions like keratoconus.","PeriodicalId":169886,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141709459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sivaranjani, Deeksha Singh, Arun Jayanth, Manavi D Sindal
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal dystrophy that is usually bilateral with a female preponderance. We report a case of a 40-year-old male diagnosed with bilateral retinitis pigmentosa with coats like response. The diagnosis was confirmed based on clinical examination, typical findings on Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), Optical coherence tomography, B-scan and Indocyanine green angiography. Based on angiography findings, in both the eyes of our patient cryotherapy was done to the leaking telangiectatic vessels in the peripheral retina. On follow up, regression of the telangiectatic vessels was noted.
{"title":"Retinitis Pigmentosa with a Bilateral Coats-Like Response – An Unusual Presentation","authors":"Sivaranjani, Deeksha Singh, Arun Jayanth, Manavi D Sindal","doi":"10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1773","url":null,"abstract":"Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal dystrophy that is usually bilateral with a female preponderance. We report a case of a 40-year-old male diagnosed with bilateral retinitis pigmentosa with coats like response. The diagnosis was confirmed based on clinical examination, typical findings on Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), Optical coherence tomography, B-scan and Indocyanine green angiography. Based on angiography findings, in both the eyes of our patient cryotherapy was done to the leaking telangiectatic vessels in the peripheral retina. On follow up, regression of the telangiectatic vessels was noted.","PeriodicalId":169886,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141712256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To determine association between storage time of corneal grafts and primary graft failure in Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK). Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit-III, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from June, 2019 to December, 2019. Methods: In this study, 120 patients (between 11 and 30 years of age) diagnosed with keratoconus were enrolled and divided into two groups. Group A comprised individuals who underwent PK with donor tissues stored for 8 to 14 days, while Group B consisted of patients whose donor tissues were stored for a duration not exceeding 7 days. Patients were followed up for three weeks post-operatively. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 19 and stratified for age, gender and primary graft failure. Post stratification RR was calculated with p-value ≤ 0.05 as significant. Results: The mean age of patients in Group A was 21.38 ± 6.29 years and in Group B was19.80 ± 5.81 years. In Group A there were 32 male and 28 female while in Group B there were 29 male and 31 female. In Group A 16(26.7%) patients and in group B, 4 (6.7%) patients had primary graft failure. The risk of primary graft failure was higher in Group A, with RR = 4, p-value < 0.05. Conclusion: The risk of primary graft failure in PK is higher when the storage time of corneal grafts is longer. Hence, minimization of storage time may ensure better success rate of corneal grafting.
{"title":"Association between Storage Time of Corneal Grafts and Primary Graft Failure in Penetrating Keratoplasty","authors":"Mushafia Hassan, Humera Zafar, Sidrah Latif, Ramsha Jahangir, Samreen Jamal","doi":"10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1808","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine association between storage time of corneal grafts and primary graft failure in Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK).\u0000Study Design: Quasi experimental study.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Ophthalmology, Eye Unit-III, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from June, 2019 to December, 2019.\u0000Methods: In this study, 120 patients (between 11 and 30 years of age) diagnosed with keratoconus were enrolled and divided into two groups. Group A comprised individuals who underwent PK with donor tissues stored for 8 to 14 days, while Group B consisted of patients whose donor tissues were stored for a duration not exceeding 7 days. Patients were followed up for three weeks post-operatively. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 19 and stratified for age, gender and primary graft failure. Post stratification RR was calculated with p-value ≤ 0.05 as significant.\u0000Results: The mean age of patients in Group A was 21.38 ± 6.29 years and in Group B was19.80 ± 5.81 years. In Group A there were 32 male and 28 female while in Group B there were 29 male and 31 female. In Group A 16(26.7%) patients and in group B, 4 (6.7%) patients had primary graft failure. The risk of primary graft failure was higher in Group A, with RR = 4, p-value < 0.05.\u0000Conclusion: The risk of primary graft failure in PK is higher when the storage time of corneal grafts is longer. Hence, minimization of storage time may ensure better success rate of corneal grafting.","PeriodicalId":169886,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141715730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To determine the pattern of medicolegalocular traumaand its visual outcome in cases of assault presenting in the outpatient department of ophthalmology. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and dental college (KMDC), from January, 2020 to June, 2022. Methods: This study included 199 patients of assault, registered as medicolegal cases and referred for examination by a police surgeon.Findings were recorded on a pre designed proforma and categorised according to Bermingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT). The results were presented in frequencies. Results: The study analyzed ocular injuries in a group of participants, predominantly male (81.9%), with a mean age of 34 years. The majority of injuries were closed-globe (70.4%), primarily occurring in Zone 1. Pre-treatment visual acuity was generally high, with 85.4% of patients having 20/20-20/40 vision, which improved slightly to 87.4% post-treatment. Open-globe injuries were rare (1.0%) and also confined to Zone 1. The most common trauma setting was the home, and the most frequent cause of injury was assault using a fist. Conclusion: Majority of the patients were young males who suffered trauma at home and fist was the most common causative agent. The study highlights the prevalence of closed-globe injuries, the effectiveness of treatment in preserving visual acuity, and the domestic nature of most ocular traumas.
{"title":"Pattern of Medicolegal Ocular Trauma in Cases of Assault and Its Visual Outcome in An Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Uzma Fasih, E. Shahid","doi":"10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1778","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To determine the pattern of medicolegalocular traumaand its visual outcome in cases of assault presenting in the outpatient department of ophthalmology.\u0000Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and dental college (KMDC), from January, 2020 to June, 2022.\u0000Methods: This study included 199 patients of assault, registered as medicolegal cases and referred for examination by a police surgeon.Findings were recorded on a pre designed proforma and categorised according to Bermingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT). The results were presented in frequencies.\u0000Results: The study analyzed ocular injuries in a group of participants, predominantly male (81.9%), with a mean age of 34 years. The majority of injuries were closed-globe (70.4%), primarily occurring in Zone 1. Pre-treatment visual acuity was generally high, with 85.4% of patients having 20/20-20/40 vision, which improved slightly to 87.4% post-treatment. Open-globe injuries were rare (1.0%) and also confined to Zone 1. The most common trauma setting was the home, and the most frequent cause of injury was assault using a fist.\u0000Conclusion: Majority of the patients were young males who suffered trauma at home and fist was the most common causative agent. The study highlights the prevalence of closed-globe injuries, the effectiveness of treatment in preserving visual acuity, and the domestic nature of most ocular traumas.","PeriodicalId":169886,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"29 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141704757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change refers to significant, long-term shifts in seasonal patterns and weather that occur over extended periods, even spanning millions of years.1Natural and human factors both significantly contribute to climate change. Natural factors include volcanic activity and ultraviolet radiation, while human factors encompass industrial and vehicular emissions, increasing solid waste generation, deforestation, unplanned urbanization, and population influx into large cities.
{"title":"Eyes on the Storm: How Climate Change Is Affecting Our Vision and What We Can Do About It","authors":"Prof. Tayyaba Gul Malik","doi":"10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36351/pjo.v40i3.1874","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change refers to significant, long-term shifts in seasonal patterns and weather that occur over extended periods, even spanning millions of years.1Natural and human factors both significantly contribute to climate change. Natural factors include volcanic activity and ultraviolet radiation, while human factors encompass industrial and vehicular emissions, increasing solid waste generation, deforestation, unplanned urbanization, and population influx into large cities.","PeriodicalId":169886,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"1 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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