Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.30918/irjmms.94.21.039
R. Ghani, Mozaffer Rahim Hingorjo, S. Khan, Uzma Naseeb, Shaista Emad, A. Khattak, A. Iqbal, Mauyur Sarhadi, Navneet Sarhadi
Previous studies have reported that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events and levels of C-Reactive protein (CRP) can be considered as markers of MetS and its constituent components. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of MetS, and levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) change with response to oxidative stress are also associated with MetS, which may be modulated by CRP. This study was conducted to identify the role of GGT and CRP as biomarkers in the diagnosis of MetS, a high-risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. One hundred and fifty patients meeting the diagnostic criteria of MetS and an equal number of controls were included in the study. The cases were selected from pathology and molecular biology laboratories, Karachi, while the controls came from the general population. Anthropometric indices of adiposity and blood pressure were recorded for both cases and controls. Blood samples were taken from all subjects to determine the levels of CRP and GGT. All those cases and control height, weight, hip waist circumference were noted and the comparison of CRP and GGT by applying students' t-test as markers for detection of metabolic syndrome. p-value 0.001 was considered as significant. This study suggests that in patients with metabolic syndrome were found to have raised the basal metabolic rate, C-reactive protein and GGT were synergistically associated with MetS independently of another confounding factor in the general population. Keywords: C-reactive protein (CRP), gama glutamyl transferase (GGT), metabolic syndrome, (Met-S), inflammation, body mass index.
{"title":"Role of C-reactive protein and gamma-glutamyl transferase in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome","authors":"R. Ghani, Mozaffer Rahim Hingorjo, S. Khan, Uzma Naseeb, Shaista Emad, A. Khattak, A. Iqbal, Mauyur Sarhadi, Navneet Sarhadi","doi":"10.30918/irjmms.94.21.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/irjmms.94.21.039","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have reported that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events and levels of C-Reactive protein (CRP) can be considered as markers of MetS and its constituent components. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of MetS, and levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) change with response to oxidative stress are also associated with MetS, which may be modulated by CRP. This study was conducted to identify the role of GGT and CRP as biomarkers in the diagnosis of MetS, a high-risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. One hundred and fifty patients meeting the diagnostic criteria of MetS and an equal number of controls were included in the study. The cases were selected from pathology and molecular biology laboratories, Karachi, while the controls came from the general population. Anthropometric indices of adiposity and blood pressure were recorded for both cases and controls. Blood samples were taken from all subjects to determine the levels of CRP and GGT. All those cases and control height, weight, hip waist circumference were noted and the comparison of CRP and GGT by applying students' t-test as markers for detection of metabolic syndrome. p-value 0.001 was considered as significant. This study suggests that in patients with metabolic syndrome were found to have raised the basal metabolic rate, C-reactive protein and GGT were synergistically associated with MetS independently of another confounding factor in the general population. Keywords: C-reactive protein (CRP), gama glutamyl transferase (GGT), metabolic syndrome, (Met-S), inflammation, body mass index.","PeriodicalId":170316,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127369033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.30918/irjmms.83.20.029
R. Omotayo, A. Akintan, O. Akadiri, A. Bade-Adefioye, S. Omotayo
It is pertinent for the pregnant woman to understand the concept of what she is embarking on. Antenatal care is a specialized form of health care given to pregnant women in order to have safe delivery for both mother and child. Pregnant women need to be informed of the meaning and importance of Antenatal Care and the need for them to avail themselves of the opportunity in order to benefit from expert monitoring of the progress of pregnancy, prompt identification of anything that may jeopardize the outcome of the pregnancy and access to skilled personnel at delivery. This study assessed the level of awareness of pregnant women about pregnancy and antenatal care at the time of booking in their first pregnancy. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study . Questionnaires were used to obtain information on the level of awareness of primigravid women about pregnancy. A simple structured questionnaire was used to get the consented pregnant women’s awareness or otherwise about basic pregnancy issues and antenatal care. The questionnaire was administered by research assistants already trained with the questionnaire. Data was fed into and analyzed with the Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Proportions were calculated using percentages and cross tabulation of variables to find out relationship and statistical significance by chi-square. Majority, 110 (34.7%), of the respondents were booked at 8 to 16 weeks gestation. Majority of respondents were aware of doing basic investigations like PCV (98.1%), HIV (94.3%) and Hepatitis B (85.8%) in pregnancy. Majority of the respondents 259 (78.9%) know that high blood pressure of pregnant mother can affect the baby. One hundred and seventy-eight respondents (56.2%) said they do not know that previous caesarean section has effect on subsequent deliveries. Majority of the respondents 278 (87.7%) knew that they will start immunization for their babies at birth. In conclusion, there is fair awareness of basic pregnancy issues and antenatal care among pregnant women. Notable area of inadequate knowledge is the impact of caesarean section on subsequent pregnancies. It is recommended that all efforts must be made to ensure that discussions about pregnancy and antenatal care with women starts at younger age as early as in the secondary school days to prepare them for the eventuality of pregnancy, its care and childbirth. The health education aspect of antenatal care should be well organized to fill all information gaps for the pregnant women. activities, common danger signs in pregnancy, basic knowledge of common labour ward activities, awareness about HIV in pregnancy, and basic knowledge of post-delivery issues.
{"title":"Level of awareness of primigravida about pregnancy and antenatal care at the time of booking in a South West Nigerian tertiary hospital","authors":"R. Omotayo, A. Akintan, O. Akadiri, A. Bade-Adefioye, S. Omotayo","doi":"10.30918/irjmms.83.20.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/irjmms.83.20.029","url":null,"abstract":"It is pertinent for the pregnant woman to understand the concept of what she is embarking on. Antenatal care is a specialized form of health care given to pregnant women in order to have safe delivery for both mother and child. Pregnant women need to be informed of the meaning and importance of Antenatal Care and the need for them to avail themselves of the opportunity in order to benefit from expert monitoring of the progress of pregnancy, prompt identification of anything that may jeopardize the outcome of the pregnancy and access to skilled personnel at delivery. This study assessed the level of awareness of pregnant women about pregnancy and antenatal care at the time of booking in their first pregnancy. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study . Questionnaires were used to obtain information on the level of awareness of primigravid women about pregnancy. A simple structured questionnaire was used to get the consented pregnant women’s awareness or otherwise about basic pregnancy issues and antenatal care. The questionnaire was administered by research assistants already trained with the questionnaire. Data was fed into and analyzed with the Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Proportions were calculated using percentages and cross tabulation of variables to find out relationship and statistical significance by chi-square. Majority, 110 (34.7%), of the respondents were booked at 8 to 16 weeks gestation. Majority of respondents were aware of doing basic investigations like PCV (98.1%), HIV (94.3%) and Hepatitis B (85.8%) in pregnancy. Majority of the respondents 259 (78.9%) know that high blood pressure of pregnant mother can affect the baby. One hundred and seventy-eight respondents (56.2%) said they do not know that previous caesarean section has effect on subsequent deliveries. Majority of the respondents 278 (87.7%) knew that they will start immunization for their babies at birth. In conclusion, there is fair awareness of basic pregnancy issues and antenatal care among pregnant women. Notable area of inadequate knowledge is the impact of caesarean section on subsequent pregnancies. It is recommended that all efforts must be made to ensure that discussions about pregnancy and antenatal care with women starts at younger age as early as in the secondary school days to prepare them for the eventuality of pregnancy, its care and childbirth. The health education aspect of antenatal care should be well organized to fill all information gaps for the pregnant women. activities, common danger signs in pregnancy, basic knowledge of common labour ward activities, awareness about HIV in pregnancy, and basic knowledge of post-delivery issues.","PeriodicalId":170316,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114114124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.30918/irjmms.82.13.049
J. Morgan, Darin B. Brimhall
Hepatitis C (HCV) is a contagious viral illness and is the most common blood borne infection in the United States. It frequently remains undiagnosed until the ominous symptoms of liver disease, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma become evident. This is because most acute infections follow an asymptomatic course. Center for Disease Control (CDC) Viral Surveillance data revealed the incidence rate for hepatitis C in the U.S. to be around 0.3 cases per 100,000. This means that nearly 4 million Americans have been exposed to HCV. World-wide 170 million people are affected by HCV. It is also known that despite these staggering numbers that the majority of HCV infected people go undiagnosed. Novum Pharmaceutical Research Services (NovumPRS) is a private, for profit, Clinical Research Organization (CRO) that has been recruiting and screening adult volunteers for Phase 1 bioequivalence and bioavailability drug studies since the early 1970’s. Three sites collectively completed approximately 150 to 170 studies annually; and screened approximately 90,000 participants during the 2005 to 2011 period we reviewed. In this paper, we present our data regarding the 0.8% positive anti-HCV incidence found on screening laboratory evaluation for clinical trial volunteers prior to consideration for randomized trial enrollment at the three research facilities. Race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status were not considerations made in the reporting of our findings here. A positive anti-HCV test disqualified individuals from participation in all Phase I randomized trials conducted at our research organization not specifically related to hepatitis. All screened participants who tested positive were informed of these findings and appropriate reporting from our research organization to the epidemiology department at the appropriate state health agency was then carried out.
丙型肝炎(HCV)是一种传染性病毒疾病，是美国最常见的血源性感染。它经常被诊断出来，直到肝病、肝硬化或肝细胞癌的不祥症状变得明显。这是因为大多数急性感染都是无症状的。疾病控制中心(CDC)病毒监测数据显示，美国丙型肝炎的发病率约为每10万人0.3例。这意味着近400万美国人接触过丙型肝炎病毒。全世界有1.7亿人感染丙型肝炎病毒。众所周知，尽管有这些惊人的数字，但大多数丙型肝炎病毒感染者未得到诊断。Novum Pharmaceutical Research Services (NovumPRS)是一家私营的营利性临床研究组织(CRO)，自20世纪70年代初以来一直在招募和筛选成人志愿者进行i期生物等效性和生物利用度药物研究。三个地点每年总共完成约150至170项研究;在2005年到2011年期间，我们对大约9万名参与者进行了筛选。在本文中，我们介绍了在三个研究机构考虑随机试验入组之前，对临床试验志愿者进行筛选实验室评估时发现的0.8%的抗- hcv阳性发生率的数据。种族/民族和社会经济地位在我们的研究报告中没有考虑到。在我们的研究机构进行的所有与肝炎无关的I期随机试验中，抗hcv检测阳性的个体被取消参加资格。所有检测呈阳性的筛选参与者都被告知这些发现，然后由我们的研究组织向适当的州卫生机构的流行病学部门进行适当的报告。
{"title":"Incidence of anti-HCV found among clinical trial participants during eligibility screening at NovumPRS from 2005 to 2011","authors":"J. Morgan, Darin B. Brimhall","doi":"10.30918/irjmms.82.13.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/irjmms.82.13.049","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis C (HCV) is a contagious viral illness and is the most common blood borne infection in the United States. It frequently remains undiagnosed until the ominous symptoms of liver disease, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma become evident. This is because most acute infections follow an asymptomatic course. Center for Disease Control (CDC) Viral Surveillance data revealed the incidence rate for hepatitis C in the U.S. to be around 0.3 cases per 100,000. This means that nearly 4 million Americans have been exposed to HCV. World-wide 170 million people are affected by HCV. It is also known that despite these staggering numbers that the majority of HCV infected people go undiagnosed. Novum Pharmaceutical Research Services (NovumPRS) is a private, for profit, Clinical Research Organization (CRO) that has been recruiting and screening adult volunteers for Phase 1 bioequivalence and bioavailability drug studies since the early 1970’s. Three sites collectively completed approximately 150 to 170 studies annually; and screened approximately 90,000 participants during the 2005 to 2011 period we reviewed. In this paper, we present our data regarding the 0.8% positive anti-HCV incidence found on screening laboratory evaluation for clinical trial volunteers prior to consideration for randomized trial enrollment at the three research facilities. Race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status were not considerations made in the reporting of our findings here. A positive anti-HCV test disqualified individuals from participation in all Phase I randomized trials conducted at our research organization not specifically related to hepatitis. All screened participants who tested positive were informed of these findings and appropriate reporting from our research organization to the epidemiology department at the appropriate state health agency was then carried out.","PeriodicalId":170316,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121093279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.30918/irjmms.82.20.025
Oky Aryanthana, I. Rai, Wira Gotera
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients (COPD) have been linked to systemic inflammation. The presence of a systemic inflammatory response is characterized by increased activation and mobilization of inflammatory cells into the circulation. Systemic inflammation is characterized by an increase in proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6, TNF-, and CRP. Increased IL-6 will cause insulin resistance and IL-6 is considered as a good predictive marker for insulin resistance. This research is an analytic cross sectional study. Affordable population is all COPD patients in the pulmonary policlinic at the Sanglah Hospital and Network Hospitals in the period of May to October 2019 who have met the criteria as a research sample. The association between increased IL-6 and insulin resistance was tested using spearmen analysis. The effect of confounding variables such as age, sex, nutritional status, smoking and steroid use, on the relationship of serum IL-6 and HOMA-IR index values were tested using partial correlation analysis. This study included 47 subjects, 42 male (89.3%) and 5 female (10.7%). Results of study, showed that there was no a significant correlation between IL-6 and HOMA-IR (r = -0.24; p = 0.09). Also, there is no influence of confounding variables on the relationship IL-6 and HOMA-IR. Age variables (r = -0.18; p = 0.21), gender (r = -0.18; p = 0.21), nutritional status (r = -0.14; p = 0.32), smoking (r = -0.17; p = 0.26), and steroid therapy (r = -0.18; p = 0.22). On the other hand, obesity status was strongly related to HOMA-IR (r = 0.64; p = 0.001). This study proves that there was no significant correlation found between the increase in serum IL-6 and the HOMA-IR index value. Nevertheless, obesity status is a factor that is very strongly associated with the HOMA-IR index value.
{"title":"Correlation between increased interleukin-6 with insulin resistance in non-diabetic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients","authors":"Oky Aryanthana, I. Rai, Wira Gotera","doi":"10.30918/irjmms.82.20.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/irjmms.82.20.025","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients (COPD) have been linked to systemic inflammation. The presence of a systemic inflammatory response is characterized by increased activation and mobilization of inflammatory cells into the circulation. Systemic inflammation is characterized by an increase in proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6, TNF-, and CRP. Increased IL-6 will cause insulin resistance and IL-6 is considered as a good predictive marker for insulin resistance. This research is an analytic cross sectional study. Affordable population is all COPD patients in the pulmonary policlinic at the Sanglah Hospital and Network Hospitals in the period of May to October 2019 who have met the criteria as a research sample. The association between increased IL-6 and insulin resistance was tested using spearmen analysis. The effect of confounding variables such as age, sex, nutritional status, smoking and steroid use, on the relationship of serum IL-6 and HOMA-IR index values were tested using partial correlation analysis. This study included 47 subjects, 42 male (89.3%) and 5 female (10.7%). Results of study, showed that there was no a significant correlation between IL-6 and HOMA-IR (r = -0.24; p = 0.09). Also, there is no influence of confounding variables on the relationship IL-6 and HOMA-IR. Age variables (r = -0.18; p = 0.21), gender (r = -0.18; p = 0.21), nutritional status (r = -0.14; p = 0.32), smoking (r = -0.17; p = 0.26), and steroid therapy (r = -0.18; p = 0.22). On the other hand, obesity status was strongly related to HOMA-IR (r = 0.64; p = 0.001). This study proves that there was no significant correlation found between the increase in serum IL-6 and the HOMA-IR index value. Nevertheless, obesity status is a factor that is very strongly associated with the HOMA-IR index value.","PeriodicalId":170316,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128473103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.30918/irjmms.73.19.055
Yanitama Putri, Dewi Sutriani Mahalini, I. Suwarba
Epilepsy is the most common neurological diseases with a high prevalence in the world. Valproic acid as the first line therapy has some adverse effects on hematology field. However, the data about hematological effects from the use of valproic acid as therapy in children with epilepsy is currently still limited. This is a cross sectional study to describe the hematology profile of children with epilepsy treated by valproic acid at Sanglah Hospital. Data collection was done during February to May 2018. We report 58 subjects of children with epilepsy treated with valproic acid at Sanglah Hospital. The mean age is 4.47 years, 60% are male. About 79.3% were generalized seizure, and 89% from them were tonic clonic type. Fifty percent of partial seizure were partial complex epilepsy. Forty-six EEG results (79.3%) were abnormal. We found 4 cases (0.07%) of thrombocytopenia at dose of 30 mg/kg/day and the others at 25 mg/kg/day. The thrombocyte level recovered after the valproic acid discontinued. We found 29 cases of anemia, 86.2% with mild anemia and others 13.2% with moderate anemia. Most of the anemia cases were found after 12 months of treatment. In conclusion, the use of valproic acid as a therapy indicates the role of drug dose and timerelated spectrum of hematology disorders that ranges from thrombocytopenia to anemia. Routine laboratory evaluation is necessary, especially after 12 months of treatment with valproic acid and at a dose of valproic acid 25 mg/kg/day or more.
{"title":"The hematology profiles of children affiliated with epilepsy at Sanglah Hospital after receiving valproic acid therapy","authors":"Yanitama Putri, Dewi Sutriani Mahalini, I. Suwarba","doi":"10.30918/irjmms.73.19.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/irjmms.73.19.055","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is the most common neurological diseases with a high prevalence in the world. Valproic acid as the first line therapy has some adverse effects on hematology field. However, the data about hematological effects from the use of valproic acid as therapy in children with epilepsy is currently still limited. This is a cross sectional study to describe the hematology profile of children with epilepsy treated by valproic acid at Sanglah Hospital. Data collection was done during February to May 2018. We report 58 subjects of children with epilepsy treated with valproic acid at Sanglah Hospital. The mean age is 4.47 years, 60% are male. About 79.3% were generalized seizure, and 89% from them were tonic clonic type. Fifty percent of partial seizure were partial complex epilepsy. Forty-six EEG results (79.3%) were abnormal. We found 4 cases (0.07%) of thrombocytopenia at dose of 30 mg/kg/day and the others at 25 mg/kg/day. The thrombocyte level recovered after the valproic acid discontinued. We found 29 cases of anemia, 86.2% with mild anemia and others 13.2% with moderate anemia. Most of the anemia cases were found after 12 months of treatment. In conclusion, the use of valproic acid as a therapy indicates the role of drug dose and timerelated spectrum of hematology disorders that ranges from thrombocytopenia to anemia. Routine laboratory evaluation is necessary, especially after 12 months of treatment with valproic acid and at a dose of valproic acid 25 mg/kg/day or more.","PeriodicalId":170316,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131886345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.30918/irjmms.73.19.049
Sólyom Árpád, Targu Mures Pharmacy, Gilyén Botond, F. Pál, Z. Sándor, Bățagă Tiberiu
Elbow arthroplasty is very successful in terms of pain relief, motion and function. Indications include posttraumatic osteoarthritis, acute distal humerus or proximal forearm fractures, and many others. With the present article, the authors would like to present the case of a patient who underwent total elbow arthroplasty following a car crash which resulted in the following conditions: IIIC type distal humerus open fracture, IIIC type proximal forearm open fracture, and multiple other lesions. Immediate surgical care consisted of primary wound correction and external fixation of the bones and secondary wound correction was practiced. A few months later the patient underwent total elbow arthroplasty. One year after the accident, following rigorous physical therapy, the patient has regained 45% of nerve function, 70% of muscle function and now can lead a relatively normal life. He can drive a car and use his elbow in daily activity. Although replacement arthroplasty was initially used mainly in patients with inflammatory arthritis, its indications were expanded to other conditions, which place higher demands on the implants and seem to lead to higher failure rates, but an elbow arthroplasty is a good option in complicated open fractures if we have a multidisciplinary team and the time of surgery is opportune despite the high failure risk.
{"title":"Total elbow arthroplasty in type IIIC elbow fracture: A case report","authors":"Sólyom Árpád, Targu Mures Pharmacy, Gilyén Botond, F. Pál, Z. Sándor, Bățagă Tiberiu","doi":"10.30918/irjmms.73.19.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/irjmms.73.19.049","url":null,"abstract":"Elbow arthroplasty is very successful in terms of pain relief, motion and function. Indications include posttraumatic osteoarthritis, acute distal humerus or proximal forearm fractures, and many others. With the present article, the authors would like to present the case of a patient who underwent total elbow arthroplasty following a car crash which resulted in the following conditions: IIIC type distal humerus open fracture, IIIC type proximal forearm open fracture, and multiple other lesions. Immediate surgical care consisted of primary wound correction and external fixation of the bones and secondary wound correction was practiced. A few months later the patient underwent total elbow arthroplasty. One year after the accident, following rigorous physical therapy, the patient has regained 45% of nerve function, 70% of muscle function and now can lead a relatively normal life. He can drive a car and use his elbow in daily activity. Although replacement arthroplasty was initially used mainly in patients with inflammatory arthritis, its indications were expanded to other conditions, which place higher demands on the implants and seem to lead to higher failure rates, but an elbow arthroplasty is a good option in complicated open fractures if we have a multidisciplinary team and the time of surgery is opportune despite the high failure risk.","PeriodicalId":170316,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"61 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121269223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.30918/irjmms.73.19.044
Samaneh Shariatmaghani, S. Shariatmaghani, A. Sedaghat, M. Najafi, Ahmad Bagheri Moghaddam
Colistin is a valuable antibiotic for controlling gram-negative pathogens, but the associated nephrotoxicity is an important side effect which limits its use. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of colistin-associated nephrotoxicity and the role of other confounding factors in the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients. In this prospective cohort study, all patients over 18 years with a positive culture for Acinetobacter baumannii who admitted to ICUs from March 2017 to February 2019 were enrolled. They were divided into two groups; the study group received colistin but the control group consisted of patients who were positive for Acinetobacter culture but due to unavailability of the drug, colistin was not prescribed. Demographic data and clinical characteristics were recorded in a designed questionnaire. The primary outcome was the occurrence of renal failure based on the KDIGO criteria. In total 115 patients were studied, 75 (65.2%) cases and 40 (39.8%) controls. The incidence rate of AKI in the colistin and control groups was 48 and 17.5%, respectively indicating a statistically significant difference (P=0.033). AKI was established on average in the first 6 days of colistin administration. There is no significant difference between the daily and total dose of colistin consumption in patients with AKI and without AKI in the colistin group. After adjusting the confounding variables such as the age of patients, use of simultaneous and potentially nephrotoxic drugs and hypotensive episodes we get an Odds Ratio of 2.48 with a 95% Confidence interval of 0.97 to 6.36 and a P-value of 0.059. Colistin is an antibiotic with potential capability for AKI development in ICU patients; however, its incidence in critically ill patients is associated with factors other than colistin as well.
{"title":"Colistin-associated acute kidney injury in intensive care unit patients: Significance of other confounding factors","authors":"Samaneh Shariatmaghani, S. Shariatmaghani, A. Sedaghat, M. Najafi, Ahmad Bagheri Moghaddam","doi":"10.30918/irjmms.73.19.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/irjmms.73.19.044","url":null,"abstract":"Colistin is a valuable antibiotic for controlling gram-negative pathogens, but the associated nephrotoxicity is an important side effect which limits its use. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of colistin-associated nephrotoxicity and the role of other confounding factors in the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients. In this prospective cohort study, all patients over 18 years with a positive culture for Acinetobacter baumannii who admitted to ICUs from March 2017 to February 2019 were enrolled. They were divided into two groups; the study group received colistin but the control group consisted of patients who were positive for Acinetobacter culture but due to unavailability of the drug, colistin was not prescribed. Demographic data and clinical characteristics were recorded in a designed questionnaire. The primary outcome was the occurrence of renal failure based on the KDIGO criteria. In total 115 patients were studied, 75 (65.2%) cases and 40 (39.8%) controls. The incidence rate of AKI in the colistin and control groups was 48 and 17.5%, respectively indicating a statistically significant difference (P=0.033). AKI was established on average in the first 6 days of colistin administration. There is no significant difference between the daily and total dose of colistin consumption in patients with AKI and without AKI in the colistin group. After adjusting the confounding variables such as the age of patients, use of simultaneous and potentially nephrotoxic drugs and hypotensive episodes we get an Odds Ratio of 2.48 with a 95% Confidence interval of 0.97 to 6.36 and a P-value of 0.059. Colistin is an antibiotic with potential capability for AKI development in ICU patients; however, its incidence in critically ill patients is associated with factors other than colistin as well.","PeriodicalId":170316,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123429532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.30918/IRJMMS.73.19.046
Mahmoud S. Babiker, Rana A. Eisa, F. Albadr, A. Abujamea, Awatef M. Omer, M. G. Mohammed, A. Asiri, Zeena H. Abdulhamid, Rawan Saif
The clinical significance of knowing the status of thyroid nodules is the need to exclude thyroid cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate ultrasound (U/S) features of thyroid nodules and correlate them with fineneedle aspiration cytology (FNAC). A descriptive prospective study was conducted at the Radiology Department, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, KSA. The inclusion criteria were adult patients with neck swelling, palpable neck lesion, and/or abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) laboratory test result. Philips IU22, epic, sonosite, and Toshiba-Xerio ultrasound (U/S) systems with 7-MHz transducers were used in this study. All participants underwent a thyroid U/S scan according to standard protocol. FNAC-U/S was conducted for 159 nodules (according to suspicious U/S features) using a 10-ml plastic syringe with conventional (23 to 25) gauge needle. There were 246 participants included in this study (165 females [67%] and 61 males [33%], age range 13 to 88 years). There were 303 types of thyroid nodules noted, as follows: 47.8% were solid nodules, 42.5% were complex, and 9.6% were cystic nodules. Among 159 FNAC samples, 8.2% (n = 13) were positive results for malignancy. Females predominantly had malignant results (P = 0.001). U/S showed a sensitivity of 89.1 and 78.0% and a specificity of 43.0 and 57% for the right and left lobes, respectively. FNAC showed a sensitivity of 10.0% and 21% and a specificity of 56.9% and 42% for the right and left lobes, respectively. In conclusion, nodule malignancy and gender were significantly associated. Mixed and hypoechoic nodules were common features of malignancy. Both U/S and FNAC confirmation were important in thyroid nodule evaluation.
{"title":"Thyroid nodules’ evaluation by ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration cytology","authors":"Mahmoud S. Babiker, Rana A. Eisa, F. Albadr, A. Abujamea, Awatef M. Omer, M. G. Mohammed, A. Asiri, Zeena H. Abdulhamid, Rawan Saif","doi":"10.30918/IRJMMS.73.19.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/IRJMMS.73.19.046","url":null,"abstract":"The clinical significance of knowing the status of thyroid nodules is the need to exclude thyroid cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate ultrasound (U/S) features of thyroid nodules and correlate them with fineneedle aspiration cytology (FNAC). A descriptive prospective study was conducted at the Radiology Department, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, KSA. The inclusion criteria were adult patients with neck swelling, palpable neck lesion, and/or abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) laboratory test result. Philips IU22, epic, sonosite, and Toshiba-Xerio ultrasound (U/S) systems with 7-MHz transducers were used in this study. All participants underwent a thyroid U/S scan according to standard protocol. FNAC-U/S was conducted for 159 nodules (according to suspicious U/S features) using a 10-ml plastic syringe with conventional (23 to 25) gauge needle. There were 246 participants included in this study (165 females [67%] and 61 males [33%], age range 13 to 88 years). There were 303 types of thyroid nodules noted, as follows: 47.8% were solid nodules, 42.5% were complex, and 9.6% were cystic nodules. Among 159 FNAC samples, 8.2% (n = 13) were positive results for malignancy. Females predominantly had malignant results (P = 0.001). U/S showed a sensitivity of 89.1 and 78.0% and a specificity of 43.0 and 57% for the right and left lobes, respectively. FNAC showed a sensitivity of 10.0% and 21% and a specificity of 56.9% and 42% for the right and left lobes, respectively. In conclusion, nodule malignancy and gender were significantly associated. Mixed and hypoechoic nodules were common features of malignancy. Both U/S and FNAC confirmation were important in thyroid nodule evaluation.","PeriodicalId":170316,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126723399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.30918/IRJMMS.73.19.041
Maha A. Al Turki, Sarah Al Shloi, Alhanouf Al Harbi, Alanoud Al Agil, F. Othman
Breakfast is considered the most important meal of the day, especially for schoolchildren. To address the need for data to develop public health policies and programs for children in Saudi Arabia, we aimed to investigate the association between breakfast consumption habits and cognitive/academic performances among primary schoolchildren in Riyadh. A cross-sectional study was conducted among schoolchildren (aged 6 to 12 years), randomly selected from 8 primary schools. Anthropometric measurements were obtained to determine the body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentile. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect information on their breakfast consumption habits. Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Raven Progressive Matrices test. The academic performance was determined using their scores in three subjects. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 15 (Stata Corp., College Station, Texas). A total of 384 students were included in this study. The mean (± SD) age of the subjects was 9.1 ± 1.7 years. Sixty percent of the schoolchildren reported consuming breakfast more than 4 times per week. Breakfast consumption was significantly associated with cognitive test scores. Children who consumed breakfast regularly were found to be twice more likely to achieve higher cognitive scores compared to those who were not regular breakfast consumers. A greater percentage of schoolchildren who consumed breakfast regularly achieved excellent scores in mathematics (78%), science (87%), and Arabic language (98%). However, the difference in the academic performances of regular breakfast consumers and skippers did not achieve statistical significance. In conclusion, the findings of the present study support the hypothesis that regular consumption of breakfast has a short-term positive impact on the cognitive function and performance among young children. Nevertheless, the long-term beneficial effects of having regular breakfast on the academic performances of schoolchildren were not confirmed. School breakfast programs should, therefore, be developed and implemented to promote healthy eating habits among school-age children.
早餐被认为是一天中最重要的一餐，尤其是对小学生来说。为了满足为沙特阿拉伯儿童制定公共卫生政策和项目所需的数据需求，我们旨在调查利雅得小学生早餐消费习惯与认知/学习成绩之间的关系。对从8所小学随机抽取的6至12岁学龄儿童进行了横断面研究。获得人体测量值以确定体重指数(BMI)-年龄百分位数。一份自我报告的问卷被用来收集他们早餐消费习惯的信息。认知功能用Raven Progressive Matrices测试进行评估。学业成绩是根据他们三门科目的成绩来确定的。使用STATA 15 (STATA Corp.， College Station, Texas)进行统计分析。本研究共纳入384名学生。受试者的平均(±SD)年龄为9.1±1.7岁。60%的小学生每周吃4次以上的早餐。早餐消费与认知测试成绩显著相关。研究发现，经常吃早餐的儿童获得更高认知分数的可能性是不经常吃早餐儿童的两倍。经常吃早餐的学童在数学(78%)、科学(87%)和阿拉伯语(98%)方面取得优异成绩的比例更高。然而，经常吃早餐和不吃早餐的学生在学业成绩上的差异没有达到统计学意义。总之，本研究的发现支持了这样的假设，即经常吃早餐对幼儿的认知功能和表现有短期的积极影响。然而，定期吃早餐对学龄儿童学业成绩的长期有益影响尚未得到证实。因此，学校早餐计划应该被开发和实施，以促进学龄儿童健康的饮食习惯。
{"title":"Effect of breakfast consumption on the cognitive and academic performances in schoolchildren: A cross sectional study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Maha A. Al Turki, Sarah Al Shloi, Alhanouf Al Harbi, Alanoud Al Agil, F. Othman","doi":"10.30918/IRJMMS.73.19.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/IRJMMS.73.19.041","url":null,"abstract":"Breakfast is considered the most important meal of the day, especially for schoolchildren. To address the need for data to develop public health policies and programs for children in Saudi Arabia, we aimed to investigate the association between breakfast consumption habits and cognitive/academic performances among primary schoolchildren in Riyadh. A cross-sectional study was conducted among schoolchildren (aged 6 to 12 years), randomly selected from 8 primary schools. Anthropometric measurements were obtained to determine the body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentile. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect information on their breakfast consumption habits. Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Raven Progressive Matrices test. The academic performance was determined using their scores in three subjects. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 15 (Stata Corp., College Station, Texas). A total of 384 students were included in this study. The mean (± SD) age of the subjects was 9.1 ± 1.7 years. Sixty percent of the schoolchildren reported consuming breakfast more than 4 times per week. Breakfast consumption was significantly associated with cognitive test scores. Children who consumed breakfast regularly were found to be twice more likely to achieve higher cognitive scores compared to those who were not regular breakfast consumers. A greater percentage of schoolchildren who consumed breakfast regularly achieved excellent scores in mathematics (78%), science (87%), and Arabic language (98%). However, the difference in the academic performances of regular breakfast consumers and skippers did not achieve statistical significance. In conclusion, the findings of the present study support the hypothesis that regular consumption of breakfast has a short-term positive impact on the cognitive function and performance among young children. Nevertheless, the long-term beneficial effects of having regular breakfast on the academic performances of schoolchildren were not confirmed. School breakfast programs should, therefore, be developed and implemented to promote healthy eating habits among school-age children.","PeriodicalId":170316,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126182218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.30918/IRJMMS.73.19.038
L. Lar, O. Ogbeyi, Z. Wudiri
Absenteeism occurs when an employee (individual) does not come to work for one or more days (or shifts) when assigned. It is a common global occurrence having negative effects on work productivity. This study aimed to determine the level of absenteeism and contributory factors among staff of Plateau State Specialist Hospital, Jos, Plateau State. This was a facility based, cross sectional study, involving 181 hospital staff, consecutively selected. A structured, pre tested, self-administered questionnaire was used to assess absenteeism within the previous one year. Data was collected and analysed using Epi info statistical software (and a p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant). Annual prevalence of absenteeism was 38.7%, crude absence rate; 1.6% and sickness absenteeism; 28.7%. Other factors included attending burials, weddings, study, examinations, family responsibilities, inadequate salary, working additional jobs, lack of promotion, and transportation problems. There was a statistically significant relationship (p = 0.0026) between poor remuneration and absenteeism. In conclusion, majority of the workers at the hospital had not been absent in the preceding year. It is therefore recommended that hospital management should improve staff remuneration.
{"title":"Absenteeism among staff of a state specialist hospital in Nigeria","authors":"L. Lar, O. Ogbeyi, Z. Wudiri","doi":"10.30918/IRJMMS.73.19.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30918/IRJMMS.73.19.038","url":null,"abstract":"Absenteeism occurs when an employee (individual) does not come to work for one or more days (or shifts) when assigned. It is a common global occurrence having negative effects on work productivity. This study aimed to determine the level of absenteeism and contributory factors among staff of Plateau State Specialist Hospital, Jos, Plateau State. This was a facility based, cross sectional study, involving 181 hospital staff, consecutively selected. A structured, pre tested, self-administered questionnaire was used to assess absenteeism within the previous one year. Data was collected and analysed using Epi info statistical software (and a p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant). Annual prevalence of absenteeism was 38.7%, crude absence rate; 1.6% and sickness absenteeism; 28.7%. Other factors included attending burials, weddings, study, examinations, family responsibilities, inadequate salary, working additional jobs, lack of promotion, and transportation problems. There was a statistically significant relationship (p = 0.0026) between poor remuneration and absenteeism. In conclusion, majority of the workers at the hospital had not been absent in the preceding year. It is therefore recommended that hospital management should improve staff remuneration.","PeriodicalId":170316,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123133804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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