Service-oriented way of building customizations to packaged applications is an emerging alternative to the traditional way of modifying the package application directly to implement customizations. Estimating the effort at an early stage (before detailed design) in the services engagement is important to reduce the perceived risk of the new approach and to demonstrate the potential cost efficiencies. In this paper we present a method to estimate the effort and cost involved in developing customizations to packaged application software (such as SAP and Oracle ERP software) using service-oriented architecture/design (SOA) style. Taking only a description of business processes to be customized, we estimate the effort and costs of implementing those customizations. We use novel artifact-centric and linguistic analysis approaches to estimate the business object count which lies at the center of our cost estimation model. The model is currently being piloted at a large IT services organization involved in implementing packaged application software for clients. Initial experiments reveal that the cost and effort estimates are within 10% range of the benchmark estimates developed after requirements gathering and detailed design.
{"title":"Estimating the Cost of Developing Customizations to Packaged Application Software Using Service Oriented Architecture","authors":"R. Akkiraju, Hendrik van Geel","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2010.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2010.94","url":null,"abstract":"Service-oriented way of building customizations to packaged applications is an emerging alternative to the traditional way of modifying the package application directly to implement customizations. Estimating the effort at an early stage (before detailed design) in the services engagement is important to reduce the perceived risk of the new approach and to demonstrate the potential cost efficiencies. In this paper we present a method to estimate the effort and cost involved in developing customizations to packaged application software (such as SAP and Oracle ERP software) using service-oriented architecture/design (SOA) style. Taking only a description of business processes to be customized, we estimate the effort and costs of implementing those customizations. We use novel artifact-centric and linguistic analysis approaches to estimate the business object count which lies at the center of our cost estimation model. The model is currently being piloted at a large IT services organization involved in implementing packaged application software for clients. Initial experiments reveal that the cost and effort estimates are within 10% range of the benchmark estimates developed after requirements gathering and detailed design.","PeriodicalId":170573,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"127 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131691705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rigorously trusted services depend on reliable evidences to describe and check service behaviors. In this paper, we propose the pi-SOA framework, which delivers mutually trusted services in a rigorous way. The framework allows clients to verify service behaviors remotely according to their trust policies and uniquely identify the verified service at all times during its executions. On the other hand, service providers in this framework can check that clients have agreed with the service behaviors before using the service.
{"title":"A Framework for Delivering Rigorously Trusted Services","authors":"Dongxi Liu, J. Zic","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2010.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2010.61","url":null,"abstract":"Rigorously trusted services depend on reliable evidences to describe and check service behaviors. In this paper, we propose the pi-SOA framework, which delivers mutually trusted services in a rigorous way. The framework allows clients to verify service behaviors remotely according to their trust policies and uniquely identify the verified service at all times during its executions. On the other hand, service providers in this framework can check that clients have agreed with the service behaviors before using the service.","PeriodicalId":170573,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132561982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gerardo Morales, S. Maag, A. Cavalli, Wissam Mallouli, Edgardo Montes de Oca, B. Wehbi
The service-oriented approach is becoming more and more popular to integrate highly heterogeneous systems. Web services are the natural evolution of conventional middleware technologies to support Web-based and enterprise level integration. Formal testing of such Web-based technology is a key point to guarantee its reliability. In this paper, we choose a non-intrusive approach based on monitoring to propose a conformance passive testing methodology to check that a composed Web service respects its functional requirements. This methodology is based on a set of formal invariants representing properties to be tested including data and time constraints. Passive testing of an industrial system (that uses a composition of Web services) is briefly presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
{"title":"Timed Extended Invariants for the Passive Testing of Web Services","authors":"Gerardo Morales, S. Maag, A. Cavalli, Wissam Mallouli, Edgardo Montes de Oca, B. Wehbi","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2010.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2010.17","url":null,"abstract":"The service-oriented approach is becoming more and more popular to integrate highly heterogeneous systems. Web services are the natural evolution of conventional middleware technologies to support Web-based and enterprise level integration. Formal testing of such Web-based technology is a key point to guarantee its reliability. In this paper, we choose a non-intrusive approach based on monitoring to propose a conformance passive testing methodology to check that a composed Web service respects its functional requirements. This methodology is based on a set of formal invariants representing properties to be tested including data and time constraints. Passive testing of an industrial system (that uses a composition of Web services) is briefly presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":170573,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126241805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context-awareness and adaptability are important and desirable properties of service-based processes designed to provide personalized services. Most of the existing approaches focus on the adaptation at the process instance level [1] which involves extending the standard Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) and its engine or creating their own process languages (e.g. [2]). However, the approach proposed here aims to apply an adaptation to processes modeled or developed without any adaptation possibility in mind and independently of specific usage contexts. In addition, most of the existing approaches tackle the adaptation on the process instance or definition levels by explicitly specifying some form of variation points. This, however, leads to a contradiction between how the architect logically views and interprets differences in the process family and the actual modeling constructs through which the logical differences must be expressed. We introduce the notion of an evolution fragment and evolution primitive to capture the variability in a more logical and independent way. Finally, the proposed approach intends to support the viewpoint of context-aware adaptation as a crosscutting concern with respect to the core “business logic” of the process. In this way, the design of the process core can be decoupled from the design of the adaptation logic. To this end, we leverage ideas from the domain of model-driven development (MDD) and generative programming.
{"title":"Apto: A MDD-Based Generic Framework for Context-Aware Deeply Adaptive Service-Based Processes","authors":"Z. Jaroucheh, Xiaodong Liu, Sally Smith","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2010.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2010.16","url":null,"abstract":"Context-awareness and adaptability are important and desirable properties of service-based processes designed to provide personalized services. Most of the existing approaches focus on the adaptation at the process instance level [1] which involves extending the standard Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) and its engine or creating their own process languages (e.g. [2]). However, the approach proposed here aims to apply an adaptation to processes modeled or developed without any adaptation possibility in mind and independently of specific usage contexts. In addition, most of the existing approaches tackle the adaptation on the process instance or definition levels by explicitly specifying some form of variation points. This, however, leads to a contradiction between how the architect logically views and interprets differences in the process family and the actual modeling constructs through which the logical differences must be expressed. We introduce the notion of an evolution fragment and evolution primitive to capture the variability in a more logical and independent way. Finally, the proposed approach intends to support the viewpoint of context-aware adaptation as a crosscutting concern with respect to the core “business logic” of the process. In this way, the design of the process core can be decoupled from the design of the adaptation logic. To this end, we leverage ideas from the domain of model-driven development (MDD) and generative programming.","PeriodicalId":170573,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128276279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Schreiber, Erwin Aitenbichler, Andreas Göb, M. Mühlhäuser
Employees are increasingly participating in business processes using mobile devices. Often, this is supported by a mobile web application, which accesses various web services in the back-end. The high latency of the mobile network (e.g., EDGE) is perceived by the user each time a web service is called, in addition to the time needed to invoke the service itself. This high latency may lead to low usability, low acceptance rate, and finally compromises the overall process quality. To reduce the latency perceived by the user, we present a caching architecture for web services and an adaptive prefetching algorithm. The key characteristics of our approach are the compatibility with major mobile browsers and the independence of the caching proxy from the front-end application and the back-end services. We evaluate our approach on realistic traces of web service calls in an IT service management scenario. The traces were generated from handling real incidents according to the ITIL (ISO 20000) processes. The results confirm that using our approach, the latency perceived by the user is reduced by 24%.
员工越来越多地使用移动设备参与业务流程。通常，这是由移动web应用程序支持的，该应用程序在后端访问各种web服务。除了调用服务本身所需的时间外，每次调用web服务时，用户都会感知到移动网络(例如EDGE)的高延迟。这种高延迟可能导致低可用性、低接受率，并最终损害整个过程质量。为了减少用户感知到的延迟，我们提出了一种web服务缓存架构和自适应预取算法。我们的方法的关键特征是与主流移动浏览器的兼容性，以及缓存代理与前端应用程序和后端服务的独立性。我们根据IT服务管理场景中web服务调用的实际跟踪来评估我们的方法。这些痕迹是根据ITIL (ISO 20000)流程处理真实事件产生的。结果证实，使用我们的方法，用户感知到的延迟减少了24%。
{"title":"Reducing User Perceived Latency in Mobile Processes","authors":"D. Schreiber, Erwin Aitenbichler, Andreas Göb, M. Mühlhäuser","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2010.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2010.12","url":null,"abstract":"Employees are increasingly participating in business processes using mobile devices. Often, this is supported by a mobile web application, which accesses various web services in the back-end. The high latency of the mobile network (e.g., EDGE) is perceived by the user each time a web service is called, in addition to the time needed to invoke the service itself. This high latency may lead to low usability, low acceptance rate, and finally compromises the overall process quality. To reduce the latency perceived by the user, we present a caching architecture for web services and an adaptive prefetching algorithm. The key characteristics of our approach are the compatibility with major mobile browsers and the independence of the caching proxy from the front-end application and the back-end services. We evaluate our approach on realistic traces of web service calls in an IT service management scenario. The traces were generated from handling real incidents according to the ITIL (ISO 20000) processes. The results confirm that using our approach, the latency perceived by the user is reduced by 24%.","PeriodicalId":170573,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124988837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trust and reputation for web services emerges as an important research issue in web service selection. Current web service trust models either do not integrate different important sources of trust (subjective and objective for example), or do not focus on satisfying different user’s requirements about different quality of service (QoS) attributes such as performance, availability etc. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian network trust and reputation model for web services that can overcome such limitations by considering several factors when assessing web services’ trust: direct opinion from the truster, user rating (subjective view) and QoS monitoring information (objective view). Our comprehensive approach also addresses the problems of users’ preferences and multiple QoS-based trust by specifying different conditions for the Bayesian network and targets at building a reasonable credibility model for the raters of web services.
{"title":"A Trust and Reputation Model Based on Bayesian Network for Web Services","authors":"H. T. Nguyen, Weiliang Zhao, Jian Yang","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2010.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2010.36","url":null,"abstract":"Trust and reputation for web services emerges as an important research issue in web service selection. Current web service trust models either do not integrate different important sources of trust (subjective and objective for example), or do not focus on satisfying different user’s requirements about different quality of service (QoS) attributes such as performance, availability etc. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian network trust and reputation model for web services that can overcome such limitations by considering several factors when assessing web services’ trust: direct opinion from the truster, user rating (subjective view) and QoS monitoring information (objective view). Our comprehensive approach also addresses the problems of users’ preferences and multiple QoS-based trust by specifying different conditions for the Bayesian network and targets at building a reasonable credibility model for the raters of web services.","PeriodicalId":170573,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120956227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Zhang, Zhi Hu Wang, Bo Gao, Changjie Guo, Wei Sun, Xiaoping Li
As one of the key characteristics of Software as a Service (SaaS), multi-tenancy aims to support massive customers by sharing application instances and databases. To achieve the high economies of scale, one of the most issues needing to be solved in the real industry is that, given a fixed number of nodes, how to optimally place on-boarding tenants to maximize the total supported number of tenants without violating their SLA requirements. This paper focuses on this problem, which is called On-line Tenant Placement Problem (OTPP). In order to calculate the resource consumption of on-boarding tenants, a novel resource consumption estimation model for multi-tenant pattern is proposed in this paper. Based on this model, we explore the complexity of OTPP. A robust heuristic is proposed for the OTPP. The simulation experimental results show the high effectiveness and the good efficiency of our algorithm.
{"title":"An Effective Heuristic for On-line Tenant Placement Problem in SaaS","authors":"Yi Zhang, Zhi Hu Wang, Bo Gao, Changjie Guo, Wei Sun, Xiaoping Li","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2010.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2010.65","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the key characteristics of Software as a Service (SaaS), multi-tenancy aims to support massive customers by sharing application instances and databases. To achieve the high economies of scale, one of the most issues needing to be solved in the real industry is that, given a fixed number of nodes, how to optimally place on-boarding tenants to maximize the total supported number of tenants without violating their SLA requirements. This paper focuses on this problem, which is called On-line Tenant Placement Problem (OTPP). In order to calculate the resource consumption of on-boarding tenants, a novel resource consumption estimation model for multi-tenant pattern is proposed in this paper. Based on this model, we explore the complexity of OTPP. A robust heuristic is proposed for the OTPP. The simulation experimental results show the high effectiveness and the good efficiency of our algorithm.","PeriodicalId":170573,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121348990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Lécué, Yosu Gorronogoitia, R. González, Mateusz Radzimski, Matteo Villa
Automated web service composition has been tackled from different directions and to different purposes. In addition, most of the approaches address the composition problem with under specified requirements, returning compositions models that do not necessarily satisfy and fulfill end-users objectives. Satisfying the latter objectives is a difficult problem, especially from scratch, which requires stronger requirements and a further step of integration with service-based components in order to make service oriented computing and service composition a reality. In this work, we address this issue by presenting an innovative and integrated approach to service composition which consists of i) an automatic template process generator, that is able to generate abstract process templates and their hierarchy from past executions; ii) a novel and scalable approach to AI parametric-design techniques using a multi agent approach to configure and adapt services processes, heavily relying on the latter set of abstract process templates; iii) an optimization process that maximizes the overall quality of final compositions. Finally, we compare the scalability of these components with some experiments.
{"title":"SOA4All: An Innovative Integrated Approach to Services Composition","authors":"F. Lécué, Yosu Gorronogoitia, R. González, Mateusz Radzimski, Matteo Villa","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2010.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2010.68","url":null,"abstract":"Automated web service composition has been tackled from different directions and to different purposes. In addition, most of the approaches address the composition problem with under specified requirements, returning compositions models that do not necessarily satisfy and fulfill end-users objectives. Satisfying the latter objectives is a difficult problem, especially from scratch, which requires stronger requirements and a further step of integration with service-based components in order to make service oriented computing and service composition a reality. In this work, we address this issue by presenting an innovative and integrated approach to service composition which consists of i) an automatic template process generator, that is able to generate abstract process templates and their hierarchy from past executions; ii) a novel and scalable approach to AI parametric-design techniques using a multi agent approach to configure and adapt services processes, heavily relying on the latter set of abstract process templates; iii) an optimization process that maximizes the overall quality of final compositions. Finally, we compare the scalability of these components with some experiments.","PeriodicalId":170573,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134109086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Leitner, Anton Michlmayr, Florian Rosenberg, S. Dustdar
We propose the PREvent framework, which is a system that integrates event-based monitoring, prediction of SLA violations using machine learning techniques, and automated runtime prevention of those violations by triggering adaptation actions in service compositions. PREvent improves on related work in that it can be used to prevent violations ex ante, before they have negatively impacted the provider's SLAs. We explain PREvent in detail and show the impact on SLA violations based on a case study.
{"title":"Monitoring, Prediction and Prevention of SLA Violations in Composite Services","authors":"P. Leitner, Anton Michlmayr, Florian Rosenberg, S. Dustdar","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2010.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2010.21","url":null,"abstract":"We propose the PREvent framework, which is a system that integrates event-based monitoring, prediction of SLA violations using machine learning techniques, and automated runtime prevention of those violations by triggering adaptation actions in service compositions. PREvent improves on related work in that it can be used to prevent violations ex ante, before they have negatively impacted the provider's SLAs. We explain PREvent in detail and show the impact on SLA violations based on a case study.","PeriodicalId":170573,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134338842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Web services composition design, verification and monitoring are active and widely studied research directions. Little work however has been done in integrating these related dimensions using a unified formalism. In this paper we propose a declarative event-oriented framework, called DISC, that serves as a unified framework to bridge the gap between the process design, verification and monitoring. Proposed framework allows for a composition design to accommodate various aspects such as data relationships and constraints, Web services dynamic binding, compliance regulations, security or temporal requirements and others. Then, it allows for instantiating, verifying and executing the composition design and for monitoring the process while in execution. The effect of run-time violations can also be calculated and a set of recovery actions can be taken, allowing for the self-healing Web services composition.
{"title":"DISC: A Declarative Framework for Self-Healing Web Services Composition","authors":"Ehtesham Zahoor, O. Perrin, C. Godart","doi":"10.1109/ICWS.2010.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2010.70","url":null,"abstract":"Web services composition design, verification and monitoring are active and widely studied research directions. Little work however has been done in integrating these related dimensions using a unified formalism. In this paper we propose a declarative event-oriented framework, called DISC, that serves as a unified framework to bridge the gap between the process design, verification and monitoring. Proposed framework allows for a composition design to accommodate various aspects such as data relationships and constraints, Web services dynamic binding, compliance regulations, security or temporal requirements and others. Then, it allows for instantiating, verifying and executing the composition design and for monitoring the process while in execution. The effect of run-time violations can also be calculated and a set of recovery actions can be taken, allowing for the self-healing Web services composition.","PeriodicalId":170573,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE International Conference on Web Services","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131883933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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