Journal of Sports Sciences最新文献

Many pregnant women do not meet guidelines for physical activity, and women with twin pregnancies are less likely to be physically active compared with singleton pregnancies. During and following pregnancy, physical activity patterns and their related predictors have not been previously explored in women pregnant with twins. Therefore, we aimed to examine stability and change in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) from pre-pregnancy, during pregnancy, and up to 18 months after childbirth in women pregnant with twins and identify predictors of their LTPA patterns. This study was based on data from a nationwide, prospective cohort study, the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (1999-2008), and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We used latent class growth analysis and logistic regression to identify patterns of LTPA and associated predictors among women pregnant with twins (n = 1,796). Two patterns were identified: low/moderate (53.3%) and high (46.7%). Parity, pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity, and primary education were associated with 36-60% lower odds of belonging to the high LTPA class compared to the low-to-moderate LTPA class. There is an urgent need to study the potential consequences of physical activity in twin pregnancies on maternal and fetal health.

Stroboscopic training is increasingly used to enhance athletes' perceptual and motor skills, but its impact on sport-specific performance remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed short- and long-term effects of stroboscopic training on performance metrics, focusing on response accuracy and time. Following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO code: CRD420251027637), four databases were searched through April 2025. Studies were eligible if peer-reviewed, in English, and evaluated sport performance during or after stroboscopic training. Risk of bias was assessed with a modified Downs and Black tool. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were computed using fixed- or random-effects models, depending on heterogeneity. Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria. Acute stroboscopic exposure led to moderate performance decrements in response accuracy (SMD = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.19-0.81) and response time (SMD = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.86). In contrast, long-term training produced significant improvements in response accuracy (SMD = -0.71; 95% CI: -1.41 to -0.02) and response time (SMD = -1.10; 95% CI: -2.11 to -0.08), equating to gains of 5.7% and 5.3%, respectively. Stroboscopic training enhances long-term sport-specific performance, whereas despite initial performance decrements during training. These findings highlight its value as a perceptual training strategy in fast-paced sports. Future research should standardise protocols and investigate the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms.

The current study evaluates the secondary outcomes of the Active Learning in Physical Literacy (ALPHYL) randomized controlled trial; a classroom-based intervention aimed at enhancing children's physical literacy through physically active learning (PAL) and quality physical education (PE). A total of 332 fifth-grade students (51.8% girls; mean age: 10.8 years) from six schools were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups. The 9-10-week intervention included daily PAL activities and quality PE lessons, guided by the SAAFE principles. Multilevel linear models assessed outcomes across four domains of physical literacy: physical, psychological, social, and cognitive. Significant group-by-time interaction effects were found for cardiovascular endurance, light PA, and task-involving climate. The experimental group showed improvements in cardiovascular endurance and maintained light PA levels, while a decline in perceived task-involving climate was observed. No significant effects were detected in psychological, or cognitive variables, although descriptive data indicated high enjoyment in school among the experimental group. The ALPHYL intervention improved physical and behavioural aspects of physical literacy, supporting its role in promoting cardiovascular fitness and active behaviours. The findings underscore the importance of long-term, comprehensive strategies to foster holistic child development through school-based PA.

Aims: This study aims to investigate whether bouted steps (walking of 10+ minutes) is associated with all-cause mortality, adjusting for total steps.

Methods: In a cohort study, we analyzed data from 2764 participants (mean age = 49.4 years, 51.9% female) in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006 cycle. Total steps (<4000, 4000-7999, 8000-11999, ≥12000) and bouted steps (0, 86-599, ≥600) per day were assessed using validated accelerometer algorithms. A bout of 10-min walking entails ≥600 bouted steps.

Results: During a mean follow-up of 13.0 years, 598 deaths were identified. Compared to those with <4000 total steps/day, the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for taking 4000-7999, 8000-11999, and ≥12000 steps/day were 0.52 (0.44, 0.63), 0.41 (0.27, 0.61), and 0.44 (0.26, 0.74). Compared to those with zero bouted steps/day, the estimates for those taking 86-599 and ≥600 bouted steps/day were 0.83 (0.59, 1.16) and 0.56 (0.40, 0.78), adjusting for total steps/day.

Conclusion: Both daily total steps and bouted steps are beneficially associated with all-cause mortality. Future studies are warranted to confirm the health benefits of promoting walking bouts of 10 minutes or longer for bouted steps, in addition to advocating for a sufficient total daily step count.

Physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep independently influence cardiometabolic health in youth. Because these behaviors are interdependent within a 24-hour day, compositional data analysis has emerged as a method to examine how the distribution of time across behaviors relates to health. While evidence exists for adults and preschool-aged children, findings for school-aged youth, who are at higher risk for inactivity, remain limited. This systematic review examined associations between light PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), SB, and sleep and cardiometabolic health among youth aged 6 to 17 years. In May 2024, two reviewers conducted systematic searches across five databases following Cochrane criteria. Eligible studies were peer reviewed, included youth aged 6 to 17 years, and used compositional data analysis to assess cardiometabolic outcomes. Of 1,021 records screened, 10 studies met inclusion criteria, and 9 were rated moderate or high quality. MVPA, particularly vigorous PA, showed the most consistent benefits, including lower adiposity, reduced cardiometabolic risk, and higher fitness. SB was generally associated with adverse outcomes, while findings for LPA and sleep were mixed or null. Overall, evidence suggests that daily movement behavior distributions are important predictors of cardiometabolic health in youth and support movement-based public health guidance.

Enhancing athletic performance is a core objective in competitive sports. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), a set of neuromodulatory techniques, aims to modulate cortical excitability and thereby influence motor and cognitive functions. Despite its commercial appeal and growing application in sports contexts, the empirical evidence supporting its efficacy remains inconclusive. A three-level meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of NIBS on sport-specific performance and to identify potential moderating factors. The present study included 25 eligible studies and 64 independent effect sizes. Notably, all included studies employed transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The meta-analysis revealed a small but significant overall effect of tDCS on sport-specific performance (Hedges' g = 0.35, p < .01), with considerable heterogeneity across studies (I² = 59.13%). tDCS appeared more effective for open-skill sports (g = 0.63, p < .01) and yielded benefits when targeting motor executive regions (g = 0.56, p < .01). The overall quality of evidence was rated as low. Therefore, while the findings suggest that tDCS may enhance certain aspects of sport-specific performance, the evidence base for NIBS as a whole remains preliminary and methodologically limited. Consequently, the purported performance benefits of NIBS should be interpreted with caution by both researchers and practitioners.

This secondary analysis examined the effect of a 12 months intensive exercise-based life-style intervention (U-TURN) on obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity measured with the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI), and its effect on sleep quality. Inclusion criteria: 1) T2D  < 10 years, 2) BMI of 25 to 40 kg/m2, 3) taking ≤2 glucose-lowering medications. In addition to exercise and diet, the intervention included recommendations of high sleep hygiene. Sleep outcomes were determined with cardio-respiratory monitoring, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Participants included in the analysis: U-TURN, n = 61; standard care, n = 31. At 12-month follow-up, there was no difference in the change in AHI between the U-TURN and standard care groups (0.10 [95% CI, -1.40 - 2.20], p = 0.703). Likewise, the groups were similar with respect to the oxygenation of the blood, snoring, average and lowest O2, and periodic limb movement. The changes in ESS and PSQI did not differ between the groups (ESS: -0.56 [-1.62 - 0.50]; PSQI: -0.04 [-1.04 - 0.96]). In conclusion, no significant effect was observed, highlighting the complexity of OSA and underscoring the need for future research to determine the magnitude of weight loss re-quired and to elucidate the role of sex differences in effective treatment strategies.

This study explores how athletes' perceptions of empowering climates can influence athletes' goal regulatory processes over the competitive season. The purpose of this research was to test, using a longitudinal design, the relationship between athletes' perceptions of an empowering climate, goal motives, and goal-directed effort. A total of 112 university athletes (M = 20.90; SD = 2.79) completed a multi-section questionnaire at two time points during the season. Changes in perceptions of an empowering motivational climate positively predicted changes in autonomous goal motives (but not controlled ones), which in turn led to positive changes in goal-directed effort. These results suggest that athletes who perceive a climate of empowerment on the part of their coach tend to pursue goals autonomously, leading to greater effort directed towards those goals. Overall, the findings provide information on the implications of athletes' perception of the empowering climates created by their coaches for the autonomous motivation underlying their goals, as well as for enhancing their effort sustainability and facilitating their goal attainment in high-level sporting contexts. In addition, the study supports the positive implications of perceived empowering climates in relation to athletes' pursuit of adaptive goals when examined over time.

We examined cross-sectional associations between physical activity and inflammatory markers among 1202 ethnically diverse South African young adults. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) and combined heart rate and accelerometry device (ActiHeart) data were used. Participant blood samples were analysed for C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Associations between physical activity and inflammatory variables were calculated using regression models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol, body mass index and sedentary behaviour. Participants' mean age was 24.5 years (±3.1 years); 52% were female; 50% had black ethnicity; 52% were tertiary educated. Over three quarters (77%) met GPAQ guidelines and 68% were GLTEQ 'Active'. GLTEQ 'active' category participants had lower CRP and IL-6 levels compared to those in the inactive category. Those meeting the WHO GPAQ guidelines had lower CRP levels than those who did not. There was a positive association between meeting guidelines and IL-6 levels, and higher AEE was associated with higher CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Associations between physical activity and inflammation among young adults varied depending on the measure used, possibly reflecting the different ability of the three measures to distinguish different types and intensities of physical activity.