Background: Research on alcohol-related problems often examines individual problem types in isolation or uses scales that provide a single cumulative severity score for alcohol-related harms. This study aims to assess the patterns of seventeen distinct alcohol-related problems and how they co-occur.
Methods: The East Bay Neighborhood Study surveyed a community sample of 864 adults who drank in the past year in Alameda County, California. Participants reported if they experienced each of seventeen alcohol-related problems in the last year. Latent class analysis assessed subgroups of problems. Logistic regression models examined associations between class membership, sociodemographics, and alcohol use.
Results: A two-class model best fit the data. The multiple problems class (18% of respondents) was characterized by experiencing problems of all types and almost all experiences of legal, violence, and risky sex-related problems. The none/few problems class (82%) was characterized by a low prevalence of all problem types, with only a small proportion experiencing hangovers. In adjusted models, only older age (AOR=0.90, 95% CI=0.88-0.92) had lower odds of multiple problems class membership.
Conclusions: Numerous alcohol-related problems co-occurred within a small subgroup of people who drank in the last year, while the majority experienced few problems. Results suggest that focusing on singular alcohol-related problems may overlook patterns of concurrent problems in high-risk groups.
Background: Recent research shows that co-use of stimulants and opioids appears to be increasing and injection of opioids and stimulants carries risk for HIV transmission. This study examined stimulant injection and sexual HIV risk behaviors among individuals who reported nonmedical use of gabapentin and opioids (n=62).
Methods: Data were analyzed comparing people who injected stimulants to those who do not were conducted using chi-square and t-tests.
Results: Compared to those who did not, people who injected stimulants, were less likely to be African American/Black (p<0.05) and more likely to report sex with another person who injects drugs (p<0.01), recent injection of prescription and/or illicit opioids (p<.000), and hepatitis C infection (p<0.01). Condomless intercourse during group sex was more prevalent among stimulant injectors, significant at the trend level (p<0.1).
Conclusions: Given the documented association between the use of opioids and nonmedical use of gabapentin and the growing trend of opioid-stimulant co-use use, future research must examine whether nonmedical use of gabapentin is an indicator of substance use disorder severity and/or a risk factor for injection drug use. Education and intervention opportunities which address group sex and other sexual risk behaviors are warranted.
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