Antonio Roberto, Riccardo Monticelli, Riccardo Roncella, Elena Romeo, Gabriele Tebaldi
Nowadays, the use of carbon-neutral materials is an urgent need because of energy consumption and CO2-emissions concerns. Thus, the use of ladle furnace steel slags (LFSs) is becoming common in asphalt pavement fields. One of the limitations on using LFSs is linked to swelling potential because of the changes in chemical structure due to the hydration of their components. In this study, two different asphalt binders, neat and 3.5 % styrene-butadiene-styrene modified, were mixed with limestone coarse aggregates and two fillers (limestone and LFSs) to analyze the swelling potential and the performance levels of hot mix asphalts containing not-hydrated LFSs as filler. The analysis was conducted performing the SuperPave indirect tensile test protocol at 10°C and by using a 3D-digital image correlation metadata model (3D-DICM) capable of computing the volumetric expansion of materials after four different periods of conditioning in water (24, 48, 168, and 336 h). The results showed no significant differences among the analyzed materials, highlighting that the volumetric expansion is mainly linked to the aggregates’ water absorption. On the other hand, conditioning time seems to affect the deformability of the mixtures, influencing performance level.
{"title":"Swelling Potential and Performance Level of Hot Mix Asphalt Containing Not-Hydrated Ladle Furnace Steel Slags as Filler","authors":"Antonio Roberto, Riccardo Monticelli, Riccardo Roncella, Elena Romeo, Gabriele Tebaldi","doi":"10.1520/jte20230261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20230261","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the use of carbon-neutral materials is an urgent need because of energy consumption and CO2-emissions concerns. Thus, the use of ladle furnace steel slags (LFSs) is becoming common in asphalt pavement fields. One of the limitations on using LFSs is linked to swelling potential because of the changes in chemical structure due to the hydration of their components. In this study, two different asphalt binders, neat and 3.5 % styrene-butadiene-styrene modified, were mixed with limestone coarse aggregates and two fillers (limestone and LFSs) to analyze the swelling potential and the performance levels of hot mix asphalts containing not-hydrated LFSs as filler. The analysis was conducted performing the SuperPave indirect tensile test protocol at 10°C and by using a 3D-digital image correlation metadata model (3D-DICM) capable of computing the volumetric expansion of materials after four different periods of conditioning in water (24, 48, 168, and 336 h). The results showed no significant differences among the analyzed materials, highlighting that the volumetric expansion is mainly linked to the aggregates’ water absorption. On the other hand, conditioning time seems to affect the deformability of the mixtures, influencing performance level.","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135010773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renhe Yang, Pengyu Zhang, Dongmei Wang, Qian Sun, Tingshu He
This article mainly tested and evaluated the carbonation resistance of sprayed concrete mixed with different liquid accelerators, and thus attempted to establish a prediction model for the carbonation depth of sprayed concrete. Firstly, the influence of alkaline liquid accelerator based on sodium aluminate (AR), alkaline-free liquid accelerator based on aluminum sulfate (AS), and alkali-free liquid accelerator based on fluoroaluminate (AF) on carbonation resistance of sprayed concrete was explored. In addition, the porosity and pore structure distribution of ordinary sprayed concrete (OSC), sprayed concrete with AR (SC-AR), sprayed concrete with AS (SC-AS), and sprayed concrete with AF (SC-AF) were analyzed by the mercury intrusion porosimetry. The carbonation depth and compressive and splitting tensile strength also were tested. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy was employed to observe the micromorphology of hydration products. The experimental results indicated that the carbonation depth order of sprayed concrete was as follows: SC-AR > SC-AF > SC-AS > OSC. After analyzing the disparity of SC-AR, SC-AS, and SC-AF carbonation depth caused by AR, AS, and AF dosage, the influence coefficients of sprayed concrete carbonation depth were introduced. Finally, the carbonation depth prediction models of SC-AR, SC-AS, and SC-AF were preliminarily established.
{"title":"Evaluation and Testing of Carbonation Behavior of Sprayed Concrete with Different Liquid Accelerators","authors":"Renhe Yang, Pengyu Zhang, Dongmei Wang, Qian Sun, Tingshu He","doi":"10.1520/jte20230300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20230300","url":null,"abstract":"This article mainly tested and evaluated the carbonation resistance of sprayed concrete mixed with different liquid accelerators, and thus attempted to establish a prediction model for the carbonation depth of sprayed concrete. Firstly, the influence of alkaline liquid accelerator based on sodium aluminate (AR), alkaline-free liquid accelerator based on aluminum sulfate (AS), and alkali-free liquid accelerator based on fluoroaluminate (AF) on carbonation resistance of sprayed concrete was explored. In addition, the porosity and pore structure distribution of ordinary sprayed concrete (OSC), sprayed concrete with AR (SC-AR), sprayed concrete with AS (SC-AS), and sprayed concrete with AF (SC-AF) were analyzed by the mercury intrusion porosimetry. The carbonation depth and compressive and splitting tensile strength also were tested. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy was employed to observe the micromorphology of hydration products. The experimental results indicated that the carbonation depth order of sprayed concrete was as follows: SC-AR > SC-AF > SC-AS > OSC. After analyzing the disparity of SC-AR, SC-AS, and SC-AF carbonation depth caused by AR, AS, and AF dosage, the influence coefficients of sprayed concrete carbonation depth were introduced. Finally, the carbonation depth prediction models of SC-AR, SC-AS, and SC-AF were preliminarily established.","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cracks in concrete are predestined, and they lay a pathway for water and aggressive chemical substances, which leads to deterioration of concrete ingredients and affects the service life of concrete structures. In the recent years, natural fibers and bacteria species are used to improve rheological properties and to heal concrete cracks. Precipitation of calcium carbonate crystals produced by bacteria in concrete cracks is highly acceptable to increase the mechanical and durability properties. In this research, Bacillus paramycoides species is isolated from concrete efflorescence and is used for self-healing. For bacteria immobilization, natural fibers like coir, flax, and jute are used as suitable carriers. Furthermore, the study on the performance of bacteria in crack healing and strengthening properties is in need for different curing/exposure conditions such as full-wet, wet–dry, saturated normal soil, and saturated marine soil. The performance of bacteria in concrete is estimated by a series of tests such as compressive strength, compressive strength regains, tensile strength, impact strength, sorptivity, and deterioration of concrete under acid curing. Based on the test results, the selected bacteria have the ability to heal crack widths of 0.3–1.1 mm with the average healing rate of 83 %, 92 %, 76 %, and 42.5 % for full-wet, wet–dry, normal soil, and marine soil exposure, respectively. Microstructure studies were investigated for fiber-reinforced concrete and bacteria-immobilized fiber-reinforced concrete to determine the composition of elements formed in calcium carbonate precipitates. In this work, the results suggest that natural fibers can be used as sustainable carrier material for crack healing, strength, and durability improvement in concrete.
{"title":"Strength and Durability Assessment of Self-Healing Bio-Based Composite Concrete under Different Exposure Conditions","authors":"A. Rajesh, A. Sumathi, D. Gowdhaman","doi":"10.1520/jte20230271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20230271","url":null,"abstract":"Cracks in concrete are predestined, and they lay a pathway for water and aggressive chemical substances, which leads to deterioration of concrete ingredients and affects the service life of concrete structures. In the recent years, natural fibers and bacteria species are used to improve rheological properties and to heal concrete cracks. Precipitation of calcium carbonate crystals produced by bacteria in concrete cracks is highly acceptable to increase the mechanical and durability properties. In this research, Bacillus paramycoides species is isolated from concrete efflorescence and is used for self-healing. For bacteria immobilization, natural fibers like coir, flax, and jute are used as suitable carriers. Furthermore, the study on the performance of bacteria in crack healing and strengthening properties is in need for different curing/exposure conditions such as full-wet, wet–dry, saturated normal soil, and saturated marine soil. The performance of bacteria in concrete is estimated by a series of tests such as compressive strength, compressive strength regains, tensile strength, impact strength, sorptivity, and deterioration of concrete under acid curing. Based on the test results, the selected bacteria have the ability to heal crack widths of 0.3–1.1 mm with the average healing rate of 83 %, 92 %, 76 %, and 42.5 % for full-wet, wet–dry, normal soil, and marine soil exposure, respectively. Microstructure studies were investigated for fiber-reinforced concrete and bacteria-immobilized fiber-reinforced concrete to determine the composition of elements formed in calcium carbonate precipitates. In this work, the results suggest that natural fibers can be used as sustainable carrier material for crack healing, strength, and durability improvement in concrete.","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Intelligent Speech Multifeature Recognition Method Based on Deep Machine Learning: A Smart City Application","authors":"Ye Song, Kai Yan","doi":"10.1520/jte20220686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20220686","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134990602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantitative Analysis of Mancozeb in Water Quality Detection Based on Spectrophotometry","authors":"Yinshan Yu, Ding Ping, Jinsong Wei, Hui Zhang, Dongyang Zhang, Yudong Yang","doi":"10.1520/jte20230358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20230358","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134990606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Utilization of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in Characterizing Microscopic Properties of Asphalt Binders: A Review","authors":"Enhao Zhang, Liyan Shan, Yiqiu Tan","doi":"10.1520/jte20220672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20220672","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134990603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abnormal Node Location Algorithm in Multi-source Heterogeneous Network Based on Association Rules","authors":"Yinghui Ma, Liping Hao","doi":"10.1520/jte20220717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20220717","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134990604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhen-gang Feng, Xiaoran Gong, Xiangnan Li, Qi Cui, Dongdong Yao
To study the effect of different polymer latex powders on mechanical properties and durability of high toughness concrete (HTC), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and styrene butadiene (SB) were used to prepare modified HTCs. The flexural strength, compressive strength, and toughness of the HTC specimens were investigated by the flexural strength test, compressive strength test, and toughness test, respectively. Moreover, the freeze-thaw test, salt ion freeze-thaw test, dry shrinkage test, rapid chloride migration test, and carbonation test were carried out to evaluate the influence of EVA and SB on durability of HTC. Results show that EVA and SB with proper content can obviously improve the flexural performance and toughness of HTC. The durability of HTC, including the frost resistance, salt ion frost resistance, dry shrinkage resistance, chloride ion penetration resistance, and carbonization resistance, can be totally enhanced with the addition of the two polymer latex powders because the EVA and SB can interweave with hydration products of the HTC to form a network structure, leading to a denser structure with less harmful and very harmful holes in HTC and thus preventing penetration and erosion inside the HTC.
{"title":"Mechanical Properties and Durability of High Toughness Concrete (HTC) Modified by EVA and SB Latex Powder","authors":"Zhen-gang Feng, Xiaoran Gong, Xiangnan Li, Qi Cui, Dongdong Yao","doi":"10.1520/jte20230194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20230194","url":null,"abstract":"To study the effect of different polymer latex powders on mechanical properties and durability of high toughness concrete (HTC), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and styrene butadiene (SB) were used to prepare modified HTCs. The flexural strength, compressive strength, and toughness of the HTC specimens were investigated by the flexural strength test, compressive strength test, and toughness test, respectively. Moreover, the freeze-thaw test, salt ion freeze-thaw test, dry shrinkage test, rapid chloride migration test, and carbonation test were carried out to evaluate the influence of EVA and SB on durability of HTC. Results show that EVA and SB with proper content can obviously improve the flexural performance and toughness of HTC. The durability of HTC, including the frost resistance, salt ion frost resistance, dry shrinkage resistance, chloride ion penetration resistance, and carbonization resistance, can be totally enhanced with the addition of the two polymer latex powders because the EVA and SB can interweave with hydration products of the HTC to form a network structure, leading to a denser structure with less harmful and very harmful holes in HTC and thus preventing penetration and erosion inside the HTC.","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":"364 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135937972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Smart City Distributed Trade Economy Dynamic Scheduling of E-Commerce Platform Based on Reinforcement Learning Algorithm","authors":"Yimeng Tang","doi":"10.1520/jte20220682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20220682","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17109,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Testing and Evaluation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46792212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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