Pub Date : 2018-06-06DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74384
R. Hauser, B. Woldin
This chapter is based on the premise that treatment with prolotherapy can greatly reduce chronic musculoskeletal pain, which affects more than 1 billion people worldwide. Although relatively unknown to mainstream medicine, prolotherapy has been used for decades to treat chronic musculoskeletal pain, doing so by correcting the underlying cause of that pain: joint instability due to ligament laxity. Discussions of joint instability, ligament physiology and biomechanics, compressive and shear forces, sites of instability, pain referral patterns, and ligament injury and healing demonstrate how they all interrelate to cause chronic pain. Treating chronic pain using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and the rest, ice, compression, and elevation protocol actually inhibit the natural healing process of injured ligaments because they interrupt the inflammatory response, prevent joint swelling, and hinder cell proliferation, resulting in further ligament laxity and tissue regrowth that is inferior to native ligament tissue. Unlike conventional treatments, prolotherapy injects small volumes of an irritant solution into painful ligaments, tendons, joints, and surrounding joint spaces, initiating an inflammatory response which then attracts substances that promote normal cell and tissue growth. Their propagation stimulates the injured ligament to proliferate and grow at the injection sites, resulting in the regeneration of new tissue.
{"title":"Joint Instability as the Cause of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain and Its Successful Treatment with Prolotherapy","authors":"R. Hauser, B. Woldin","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74384","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is based on the premise that treatment with prolotherapy can greatly reduce chronic musculoskeletal pain, which affects more than 1 billion people worldwide. Although relatively unknown to mainstream medicine, prolotherapy has been used for decades to treat chronic musculoskeletal pain, doing so by correcting the underlying cause of that pain: joint instability due to ligament laxity. Discussions of joint instability, ligament physiology and biomechanics, compressive and shear forces, sites of instability, pain referral patterns, and ligament injury and healing demonstrate how they all interrelate to cause chronic pain. Treating chronic pain using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and the rest, ice, compression, and elevation protocol actually inhibit the natural healing process of injured ligaments because they interrupt the inflammatory response, prevent joint swelling, and hinder cell proliferation, resulting in further ligament laxity and tissue regrowth that is inferior to native ligament tissue. Unlike conventional treatments, prolotherapy injects small volumes of an irritant solution into painful ligaments, tendons, joints, and surrounding joint spaces, initiating an inflammatory response which then attracts substances that promote normal cell and tissue growth. Their propagation stimulates the injured ligament to proliferate and grow at the injection sites, resulting in the regeneration of new tissue.","PeriodicalId":171146,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy, Posture, Prevalence, Pain, Treatment and Interventions of Musculoskeletal Disorders","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132032655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-06DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72221
K. Mani
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) have become a growing concern in today’s society due to their impact on insurance costs, productivity, and employee well-ness. Computer workers are at risk of developing WMSDs due to the nature of their work and their work environment. To reduce the prevalence of WMSDs among computer workers, it is critical to promote awareness of various risk factors associated with WMSDs and educate them on healthy work behaviors. This chapter advocates ergonomics education as an evidence-based educational intervention to prevent WMSDs among office computer workers.
{"title":"Ergonomics Education for Office Computer Workers: An Evidence-Based Strategy","authors":"K. Mani","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72221","url":null,"abstract":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) have become a growing concern in today’s society due to their impact on insurance costs, productivity, and employee well-ness. Computer workers are at risk of developing WMSDs due to the nature of their work and their work environment. To reduce the prevalence of WMSDs among computer workers, it is critical to promote awareness of various risk factors associated with WMSDs and educate them on healthy work behaviors. This chapter advocates ergonomics education as an evidence-based educational intervention to prevent WMSDs among office computer workers.","PeriodicalId":171146,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy, Posture, Prevalence, Pain, Treatment and Interventions of Musculoskeletal Disorders","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129789750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-06DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71474
Aydin Ünlü, P. Gust, F. Mersch
{"title":"Objective analysis for evaluation the stress of the hand","authors":"Aydin Ünlü, P. Gust, F. Mersch","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.71474","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":171146,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy, Posture, Prevalence, Pain, Treatment and Interventions of Musculoskeletal Disorders","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130900472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-14DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74034
A. Khedr
The presentation of hyperparathyroidism changed over the last decades which gave rise to more variable presentations than before. Hyperparathyroidism has a catabolic effect on the skeleton whether the disease is symptomatic or asymptomatic or normocalcemic. It is now understood that the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the bone is mediated by complex interaction between different bone cells and cells of the immune system especially T lymphocytes. Protecting the skeletal system against bone loss and pathological fractures is among the important treatment goals of hyperparathyroidism. To achieve this goal, more complex laboratory tests to monitor the bone turnover and imaging techniques and modalities as high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and trabecular bone score (TBS) are employed. These imaging techniques showed the affection of microarchitecture of the cortical and the trabecular bone. For the time being, surgery and alendronate treatment are believed to reverse the catabolic effect of hyperparathyroidism on the bone. Vitamin D supplementation in case of vitamin D deficiency may also has a protective effect on the skeleton.
{"title":"Skeletal Manifestations of Hyperparathyroidism","authors":"A. Khedr","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74034","url":null,"abstract":"The presentation of hyperparathyroidism changed over the last decades which gave rise to more variable presentations than before. Hyperparathyroidism has a catabolic effect on the skeleton whether the disease is symptomatic or asymptomatic or normocalcemic. It is now understood that the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the bone is mediated by complex interaction between different bone cells and cells of the immune system especially T lymphocytes. Protecting the skeletal system against bone loss and pathological fractures is among the important treatment goals of hyperparathyroidism. To achieve this goal, more complex laboratory tests to monitor the bone turnover and imaging techniques and modalities as high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and trabecular bone score (TBS) are employed. These imaging techniques showed the affection of microarchitecture of the cortical and the trabecular bone. For the time being, surgery and alendronate treatment are believed to reverse the catabolic effect of hyperparathyroidism on the bone. Vitamin D supplementation in case of vitamin D deficiency may also has a protective effect on the skeleton.","PeriodicalId":171146,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy, Posture, Prevalence, Pain, Treatment and Interventions of Musculoskeletal Disorders","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116116772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-20DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72223
J. Partanen
Muscle pain is a common symptom associated with, for example, myofascial syndrome, fibromyalgia and polymyalgia rheumatica. Many diseases of the muscle tissue are, how -ever, completely or nearly painless such as polymyositis and inclusion body myositis. Thus, a mere inflammation cannot be the cause of muscle pain. In needle electromyog raphy (EMG), the insertion of a needle electrode causes pain but further advancement is usually painless. However, there are small spots of muscle tissue where sudden pain is elicited with the needle. In EMG, these ‘active spots’ are observed to produce spontane - ous activity in the form of end plate noise and spikes (EPSs). End plate noise is elicited at the neuromuscular junction of α, β or γ motor neuron. EPSs are action potentials of γ or β motor units. Muscle spindles are the main nociceptors in muscle tissue, both in healthy muscle and in diseases with muscle pain by inflammation of the muscle spindles. Multiple possible mechanisms of muscle pain exist. Polymyalgia rheumatica may have interstitial pain and possibly pain associated with muscle spindle capsules. Delayed onset muscle soreness may reflect both interstitial muscle pain caused by minor injuries and pain generated in mildly inflamed muscle spindles.
{"title":"Muscle Pain and Muscle Spindles","authors":"J. Partanen","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72223","url":null,"abstract":"Muscle pain is a common symptom associated with, for example, myofascial syndrome, fibromyalgia and polymyalgia rheumatica. Many diseases of the muscle tissue are, how -ever, completely or nearly painless such as polymyositis and inclusion body myositis. Thus, a mere inflammation cannot be the cause of muscle pain. In needle electromyog raphy (EMG), the insertion of a needle electrode causes pain but further advancement is usually painless. However, there are small spots of muscle tissue where sudden pain is elicited with the needle. In EMG, these ‘active spots’ are observed to produce spontane - ous activity in the form of end plate noise and spikes (EPSs). End plate noise is elicited at the neuromuscular junction of α, β or γ motor neuron. EPSs are action potentials of γ or β motor units. Muscle spindles are the main nociceptors in muscle tissue, both in healthy muscle and in diseases with muscle pain by inflammation of the muscle spindles. Multiple possible mechanisms of muscle pain exist. Polymyalgia rheumatica may have interstitial pain and possibly pain associated with muscle spindle capsules. Delayed onset muscle soreness may reflect both interstitial muscle pain caused by minor injuries and pain generated in mildly inflamed muscle spindles.","PeriodicalId":171146,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy, Posture, Prevalence, Pain, Treatment and Interventions of Musculoskeletal Disorders","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130225631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-20DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72259
T. Stack
Nonfatal occupational injuries account for 95% of the total cases reported by private industry in 2015 with illness accounting for the remaining 5%. Employers recorded most illness cases as other illness which includes musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and systemic disease. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are a broad range of disorders involving damage to the muscles, tendons, ligaments, peripheral nerves, joints, cartilage, vertebral discs, bones, and supporting blood vessels. Work-related MSD is a subcategory of these disorders, which is caused or aggravated by working conditions. MSD occur slowly over time due to the repeated wear and tear or microtraumas to the body. Ergonomists seek to identify and rectify factors that negatively impact the physical health and efficiency of workers. Participatory ergonomic programs seek to maximize the involvement of the workers in this process based on the simple fact that the worker is the expert. The following interventions were possible through the practice of participatory ergonomics.
{"title":"Ergonomic Interventions for the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders","authors":"T. Stack","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72259","url":null,"abstract":"Nonfatal occupational injuries account for 95% of the total cases reported by private industry in 2015 with illness accounting for the remaining 5%. Employers recorded most illness cases as other illness which includes musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and systemic disease. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are a broad range of disorders involving damage to the muscles, tendons, ligaments, peripheral nerves, joints, cartilage, vertebral discs, bones, and supporting blood vessels. Work-related MSD is a subcategory of these disorders, which is caused or aggravated by working conditions. MSD occur slowly over time due to the repeated wear and tear or microtraumas to the body. Ergonomists seek to identify and rectify factors that negatively impact the physical health and efficiency of workers. Participatory ergonomic programs seek to maximize the involvement of the workers in this process based on the simple fact that the worker is the expert. The following interventions were possible through the practice of participatory ergonomics.","PeriodicalId":171146,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy, Posture, Prevalence, Pain, Treatment and Interventions of Musculoskeletal Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131382799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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