Journal of the American Dental Association最新文献

Background: The authors examined whether use of preventive oral health care services or visits to a dentist or dental clinic for problems during pregnancy is associated with gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Methods: Data from the 2016-2020 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, comprising 206,080 unweighted responses, were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression. The regression estimates were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, health history, geography, and survey year.

Results: Women who received a diagnosis of gestational diabetes (7.0%) or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (13.3%) had lower rates of preventive oral health care and visits to a dentist or dental clinic for problems during pregnancy than those who did not have these health outcomes. Women who did not receive preventive oral health care had 1.13-fold greater odds (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.20) of having gestational diabetes and 1.08-fold greater odds (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.13) of having hypertensive disorders of pregnancy than those who did. Lack of needed visits to a dentist or dental clinic during pregnancy was associated with 1.28-fold greater odds (95% CI, 1.13 to 1.44) of having hypertensive disorders of pregnancy than in women without dental problems.

Conclusions: Using oral health care preventive services and visits to a dentist or dental clinic for problems during pregnancy was associated with decreased odds of having gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Practical implications: Health care professionals should emphasize the importance of obtaining oral health care services to promote oral and overall health among pregnant women. Dentists need to improve their knowledge and willingness to treat pregnant women, especially those with pregnancy complications.

Background: Acute periapical abscesses (PAs) are a health risk to patients and require prompt and efficient treatment. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of acute PAs in patients with periodontal disease (PD).

Methods: Data aggregated from 1,799,122 patients visiting a large health center were recorded. Data from the corresponding diagnosis codes for PD and acute PAs were retrieved by searching the appropriate query in the database. The odds ratios (ORs) of acute PA and its association with PD were calculated and analyzed statistically.

Results: Patients with PD showed significantly more PAs than did patients without PD (P < .0001). The OR for acute PAs in patients with PD was 46.2, and the difference in prevalence compared with the total hospital patient population was statistically significant (P < .0001). After adjustment for diabetes mellitus comorbidity, the OR for acute PAs in patients with a history of PD was 12.19, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .0001). After adjustment for smoking comorbidity, the OR for acute PAs in patients with a history of PD was 10.13, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .0001).

Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, it appears that the odds for acute PAs are significantly higher in patients with PD seeking treatment for pain due to acute PAs.

Practical implications: Oral health care professionals should be aware of the possible association between PD and increased occurrence of acute PAs.

Background: The authors aimed to explore the association of fatty acids with periodontitis and its severity and to assess causality using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.

Methods: Data for participants with complete data were extracted from the 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weighted logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between dietary fatty acids and periodontitis and its severity. Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed to explore the causal association between plasma fatty acids and periodontitis.

Results: Two types of saturated fatty acids (hexadecanoic C16:0, octadecanoic C18:0) and monounsaturated fatty acids (hexadecenoic C16:1, docosenoic C22:1) and 3 types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosatetraenoic C20:4, eicosapentaenoic C20:5, docosahexaenoic C22:6) were positively associated with periodontitis. Conversely, octadecadienoic (C18:2, a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid), total polyunsaturated fatty acids, and omega-6 fatty acids were negatively associated with periodontitis. Similar association patterns were also found between these fatty acids and the severity of periodontitis. Results of MR analyses revealed that no significant association was found between plasma fatty acids and periodontitis.

Conclusions: The authors provided evidence of significant associations between certain fatty acids and periodontitis and its severity, highlighting their contributory role, although the evidence does not support a causal role based on the results of MR-based analyses.

Practical implications: The results of this study support a contributory or inhibitory role of fatty acids in the progression of periodontitis, although not as a direct cause, and underscored the importance of maintaining a balanced dietary lipid profile for periodontal health.