The black pepper (Piper nigrum) plant is a well-liked spice plant with significant commercial value and great antioxidant potential. To investigate the native production techniques followed and assess the scope of black pepper gardening, information was gathered through personal interviews with 50 randomly chosen respondents directly and indirectly related to black pepper farming from the Gowainghat upazila in Sylhet district between July 2018 to December 2020. The majority of farmers preferred their source of seedlings (80%), stem cutting (58%), ≤ 1 year of seedling (52%), July to August planting time (36%), per plant planting density 2 to 3 (52%), 30×30×30 cm3 pit size (42%). While the majority of farmers avoid the use of fertilizer and manure (54.29%), watering (54%), fencing (96%), weeding (92%), pruning (94%), and pesticide (96%). Meanwhile, a high response was found for integrated production systems (100%), existing trees as support (84%), and pest infestation (78%). Flowering and fruiting information revealed that it took 3-4 years for the first flowering after transplanting (52%), May to June flowering month (78%), January to February harvesting time (68%) following manual harvesting method (100%), and maximum yield obtained was 3kg per plant (40%). Every single respondent (100%) employed the conventional way of processing. Farmers (100%) acknowledged the beneficiary and positive environmental impact of black pepper, whereas 76% were satisfied with their generated outcomes as they believed it could provide medicinal value (94%), and no health hazards (100%). It could be remarked that black pepper might be aided by a homestead and could contribute as a climate-smart agroforestry crop for local farmers of the Sylhet district. Hence, policy implications regarding improved production techniques and standard marketing channels should be enforced. Further research on the improvement of black pepper gardening should be examined.
{"title":"Viability of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) Farming in Gowainghat upazila of Sylhet District, Bangladesh","authors":"Anisur Anisur, Mohammad Talucder, Umama Ruba, Md Robi, Md Musharrof, Md Sharaf","doi":"10.5455/jbau.157773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jbau.157773","url":null,"abstract":"The black pepper (Piper nigrum) plant is a well-liked spice plant with significant commercial value and great antioxidant potential. To investigate the native production techniques followed and assess the scope of black pepper gardening, information was gathered through personal interviews with 50 randomly chosen respondents directly and indirectly related to black pepper farming from the Gowainghat upazila in Sylhet district between July 2018 to December 2020. The majority of farmers preferred their source of seedlings (80%), stem cutting (58%), ≤ 1 year of seedling (52%), July to August planting time (36%), per plant planting density 2 to 3 (52%), 30×30×30 cm3 pit size (42%). While the majority of farmers avoid the use of fertilizer and manure (54.29%), watering (54%), fencing (96%), weeding (92%), pruning (94%), and pesticide (96%). Meanwhile, a high response was found for integrated production systems (100%), existing trees as support (84%), and pest infestation (78%). Flowering and fruiting information revealed that it took 3-4 years for the first flowering after transplanting (52%), May to June flowering month (78%), January to February harvesting time (68%) following manual harvesting method (100%), and maximum yield obtained was 3kg per plant (40%). Every single respondent (100%) employed the conventional way of processing. Farmers (100%) acknowledged the beneficiary and positive environmental impact of black pepper, whereas 76% were satisfied with their generated outcomes as they believed it could provide medicinal value (94%), and no health hazards (100%). It could be remarked that black pepper might be aided by a homestead and could contribute as a climate-smart agroforestry crop for local farmers of the Sylhet district. Hence, policy implications regarding improved production techniques and standard marketing channels should be enforced. Further research on the improvement of black pepper gardening should be examined.","PeriodicalId":17224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Bangladesh Agricultural University","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riad Mahmud, Rafat Khan, Nurul Islam, Md Hashan, Farhana Bristy, Tasnova Tasin, Tarikul Islam
In the Noakhali Science and Technology University (NSTU), Noakhali, 3814, at the department of agriculture's research session field, where the yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata) was evaluated over the summer. The experiment, with five treatments and three replications, was set up using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Different variety influence the parameters like days of first flowering, plant height (cm), number of pods per plant, number of leaves per plant, individual pod weight (gm), length of pods, seed per pod, yield per plant (gm), yield per plot (gm). The varieties were FLK-203, FLK-204, FLK-205, FLK-206. The study revealed that the highest plant height (174.67 cm) was recorded in the yardlong bean FLK-204, followed by FLK-205 (157.67 cm). First flowering (27.67 DAS) was found in variety FLK-206, followed by variety FLK-204 (32.67 DAS). The highest number of pods per plant (8) was found in yardlong bean variety FLK-203 and FLK-204, followed by variety FLK-206 (4.67) per plant. Maximum pod length (65.33 cm) was recorded in variety FLK-206, followed by yardlong bean variety FLK-204 (50.33). The highest individual pod weight was found in yardlong bean variety FLK-206 (34.53 gm) followed by variety FLK 205 (19 gm). Maximum number of seed per pod (16.67) was found in variety FLK-206, followed by FLK-206 and FLK-205 (15). The highest yield per plant (177.85 gm) was in yardlong bean variety FLK-203, followed by FLK-205 (99.67 gm). The highest yield per pod (690.26 gm) was in yardlong bean variety FLK-203, followed by FLK-206 (506.2 gm). The highest yield per plot (1067.1gm) was recorded in yardlong bean FLK-203 followed by FLK-205 (598 gm). So, the variety yardlong bean FLK-203 was found superior based on the overall performance for cultivation under argo-climatic condition of Noakhali. According to the research outcomes, FLK-203 showed the highest growth and yield than all other varieties in this areas of under Young Meghna Estuarine Floodplain soil (AEZ-18).
{"title":"EVALUATION OF YARDLONG BEAN (Vigna unguiculata) IN SUMMER SEASON","authors":"Riad Mahmud, Rafat Khan, Nurul Islam, Md Hashan, Farhana Bristy, Tasnova Tasin, Tarikul Islam","doi":"10.5455/jbau.159938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jbau.159938","url":null,"abstract":"In the Noakhali Science and Technology University (NSTU), Noakhali, 3814, at the department of agriculture's research session field, where the yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata) was evaluated over the summer. The experiment, with five treatments and three replications, was set up using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Different variety influence the parameters like days of first flowering, plant height (cm), number of pods per plant, number of leaves per plant, individual pod weight (gm), length of pods, seed per pod, yield per plant (gm), yield per plot (gm). The varieties were FLK-203, FLK-204, FLK-205, FLK-206. The study revealed that the highest plant height (174.67 cm) was recorded in the yardlong bean FLK-204, followed by FLK-205 (157.67 cm). First flowering (27.67 DAS) was found in variety FLK-206, followed by variety FLK-204 (32.67 DAS). The highest number of pods per plant (8) was found in yardlong bean variety FLK-203 and FLK-204, followed by variety FLK-206 (4.67) per plant. Maximum pod length (65.33 cm) was recorded in variety FLK-206, followed by yardlong bean variety FLK-204 (50.33). The highest individual pod weight was found in yardlong bean variety FLK-206 (34.53 gm) followed by variety FLK 205 (19 gm). Maximum number of seed per pod (16.67) was found in variety FLK-206, followed by FLK-206 and FLK-205 (15). The highest yield per plant (177.85 gm) was in yardlong bean variety FLK-203, followed by FLK-205 (99.67 gm). The highest yield per pod (690.26 gm) was in yardlong bean variety FLK-203, followed by FLK-206 (506.2 gm). The highest yield per plot (1067.1gm) was recorded in yardlong bean FLK-203 followed by FLK-205 (598 gm). So, the variety yardlong bean FLK-203 was found superior based on the overall performance for cultivation under argo-climatic condition of Noakhali. According to the research outcomes, FLK-203 showed the highest growth and yield than all other varieties in this areas of under Young Meghna Estuarine Floodplain soil (AEZ-18).","PeriodicalId":17224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Bangladesh Agricultural University","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tasmina Sumona, Mozammel Hoque, Abdur Rakib, Md Islam
The experiment was conducted to assess the effect of tillage and weeding practices on the growth, yield, and weed infestation of maize at the research field of the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Sunamganj substation, from December 2020 to April 2021. Three tillage (conventional tillage, zero tillage, strip tillage) and three weeding practices (pre-plant herbicide application, one manual weeding and no weeding) were tested using factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The results revealed that maize growth, yield and its attributes as well as weed infestations were significantly affected by the tillage, weeding practices and their interactions. Weeds of all categories, including grass, sedge, and broad leaf, were present and affected by tillage and weeding activities. In the weed affected plots, Eleusine indica L., Fimbristylis maliaceae, Eclipta prostrata L., Echinochloa crusgalli L. were found prominent. It was observed that conventional tillage plots treated with herbicide produced the highest grain yield (10.78 t ha-¹) and benefit cost ratio (BCR) (2.26), as well as the lowest weed density (5.75 m-²) and maximum weed control efficiency (84.15%). The lowest yield was found in zero tillage plots with no weeding (4.89 t ha-¹) due to higher weed density (88.50 m-²). However, strip tillage along with herbicide treated plots produced yield of 8.01 t ha-¹ incurring a moderate cost of production (81,477 Tk.) and good BCR (2.13). As conventional tillage plots treated with herbicide resulted in higher plant growth and yield and lower weed density than conservation tillage practices with or without weeding it can be practiced in the field for better outcome. However, considering farmer’s income, strip tillage with herbicide application can be suggested for good yield and BCR with the low cost of production.
该试验于2020年12月至2021年4月在孟加拉国核农业研究所Sunamganj变电站的研究领域进行，旨在评估耕作和除草措施对玉米生长、产量和杂草侵害的影响。采用4个重复的因子随机完全区组设计(RCBD)试验了3种耕作方式(常规耕作、免耕作、条带耕作)和3种除草方式(种前施用除草剂、1次人工除草和不除草)。结果表明，耕作方式、除草方式及其交互作用对玉米生长、产量及其属性和杂草侵害有显著影响。所有类别的杂草，包括草、莎草和阔叶，都存在，并受到耕作和除草活动的影响。在杂草影响小区中，主要有莲花、麻麻花、黄花、紫锥藻。结果表明，施用除草剂的常规耕作方式籽粒产量最高(10.78 tha -¹)，效益成本比(BCR)为2.26，杂草密度最低(5.75 m-²)，防杂草效率最高(84.15%)。由于杂草密度较高(88.50 m-²)，免耕免除草小区产量最低(4.89 t ha-¹)。然而，带状耕作与除草剂处理地块的产量为8.01 t公顷- 1，生产成本适中(81,477千公顷)，BCR良好(2.13千公顷)。由于常规耕作方式与除草或不除草的保护性耕作相比，施用除草剂可提高植物生长和产量，降低杂草密度，因此可在田间实施，以获得更好的效果。但是，考虑到农民的收入情况，可以建议采用带状耕作并施用除草剂，以获得良好的产量和BCR，同时降低生产成本。
{"title":"EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND WEEDING ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE","authors":"Tasmina Sumona, Mozammel Hoque, Abdur Rakib, Md Islam","doi":"10.5455/jbau.117474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jbau.117474","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted to assess the effect of tillage and weeding practices on the growth, yield, and weed infestation of maize at the research field of the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Sunamganj substation, from December 2020 to April 2021. Three tillage (conventional tillage, zero tillage, strip tillage) and three weeding practices (pre-plant herbicide application, one manual weeding and no weeding) were tested using factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The results revealed that maize growth, yield and its attributes as well as weed infestations were significantly affected by the tillage, weeding practices and their interactions. Weeds of all categories, including grass, sedge, and broad leaf, were present and affected by tillage and weeding activities. In the weed affected plots, Eleusine indica L., Fimbristylis maliaceae, Eclipta prostrata L., Echinochloa crusgalli L. were found prominent. It was observed that conventional tillage plots treated with herbicide produced the highest grain yield (10.78 t ha-¹) and benefit cost ratio (BCR) (2.26), as well as the lowest weed density (5.75 m-²) and maximum weed control efficiency (84.15%). The lowest yield was found in zero tillage plots with no weeding (4.89 t ha-¹) due to higher weed density (88.50 m-²). However, strip tillage along with herbicide treated plots produced yield of 8.01 t ha-¹ incurring a moderate cost of production (81,477 Tk.) and good BCR (2.13). As conventional tillage plots treated with herbicide resulted in higher plant growth and yield and lower weed density than conservation tillage practices with or without weeding it can be practiced in the field for better outcome. However, considering farmer’s income, strip tillage with herbicide application can be suggested for good yield and BCR with the low cost of production.","PeriodicalId":17224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Bangladesh Agricultural University","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Onusha Sharmita, Asmaul Husna, Md Mamun, Naheed Zeba, Abu Siddique
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most popular and consumed vegetable crops across the world due to its higher nutritional content, taste, and color. An experiment was carried out to determine the existing variability, heritability, and association among the yield and yield contributing traits of eleven genotypes including seven exotic and four local genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant differences among the genotypes for most of the characters except leaf area. Mean comparison showed that exotic cultivars G1 (SL 020) displayed early flowering and fruit setting and G11 (BARI Tomato 11) displayed higher number of clusters, flowers and fruits with smaller fruit size and yield. Estimation of genetic parameters showed higher phenotypic of coefficient of variation (PCV) than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for most of the yield related traits. However, slight differences between PCV and GCV were found for number of secondary branches (31.70, 30.01), days to first flowering (14.99, 13.97), days to 50% flowering (18.68, 16.11), number of fruits per plant (83.57, 79.41), single fruit weight (47.29, 44.48), and fruit diameter (28.73, 27.61) which suggest the scope of effective selection. The number of fruits per plant and single fruit weight exhibited the highest heritability and genetic advance. Pearson correlation analysis revealed the significant and positive correlation between yield per plant with leaf area and fruit length. The principal component analysis revealed that number of fruits per plant, flowers per cluster, and fruits per cluster exhibited the most vital traits contributing to the variations among the genotypes. Hierarchical clustering showed that local and exotic tomato cultivars separated into different clusters. Higher inter cluster distance showed the scope that crossing among these genotypes could provide maximum heritability and genetic gain. These findings suggested that exotic cultivars could be included for the breeding program to develop the high yielding tomato variety.
{"title":"Genetic Variability, Correlation, and Principal Component Analysis for Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Local and Exotic Tomato Genotypes","authors":"Onusha Sharmita, Asmaul Husna, Md Mamun, Naheed Zeba, Abu Siddique","doi":"10.5455/jbau.163096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jbau.163096","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most popular and consumed vegetable crops across the world due to its higher nutritional content, taste, and color. An experiment was carried out to determine the existing variability, heritability, and association among the yield and yield contributing traits of eleven genotypes including seven exotic and four local genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant differences among the genotypes for most of the characters except leaf area. Mean comparison showed that exotic cultivars G1 (SL 020) displayed early flowering and fruit setting and G11 (BARI Tomato 11) displayed higher number of clusters, flowers and fruits with smaller fruit size and yield. Estimation of genetic parameters showed higher phenotypic of coefficient of variation (PCV) than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for most of the yield related traits. However, slight differences between PCV and GCV were found for number of secondary branches (31.70, 30.01), days to first flowering (14.99, 13.97), days to 50% flowering (18.68, 16.11), number of fruits per plant (83.57, 79.41), single fruit weight (47.29, 44.48), and fruit diameter (28.73, 27.61) which suggest the scope of effective selection. The number of fruits per plant and single fruit weight exhibited the highest heritability and genetic advance. Pearson correlation analysis revealed the significant and positive correlation between yield per plant with leaf area and fruit length. The principal component analysis revealed that number of fruits per plant, flowers per cluster, and fruits per cluster exhibited the most vital traits contributing to the variations among the genotypes. Hierarchical clustering showed that local and exotic tomato cultivars separated into different clusters. Higher inter cluster distance showed the scope that crossing among these genotypes could provide maximum heritability and genetic gain. These findings suggested that exotic cultivars could be included for the breeding program to develop the high yielding tomato variety.","PeriodicalId":17224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Bangladesh Agricultural University","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morphology helps in studying the external features of an individual, including the size, shape, structure of the animals and in determining the evolutionary relationships among organisms. Current study was undertaken to investigate the morphological variations between the two populations of blood cockle, Tegillarca granosa collected from the south-east (west coast of Maheshkhali Island, Cox’s Bazar; S1) and south-west (Jamuna River Estuary near Ishawrypur, Shemnagar, Shatkhira; S2) coasts of Bangladesh. Samples were drawn from the intertidal region during low-tide by hand-picking with the aid of local people in March 2020 from both sites. Fifteen primary parameters, and 27 secondary parameters obtained from the ratios of different primary parameters were studied to compare the values between the two populations. Out of 15 primary morphological parameters, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the populations. Among the 27 secondary morphological parameters, only 4 parameters were significantly different (p<0.05) between the two populations. The statistically different parameters were shell length (SL)/wet tissue weight (TWW), shell height (SH)/wet tissue weight (TWW), shell thickness (ST)/wet tissue weight (TWW) and condition index (CI). The ratios of shell dimensions and wet tissue weight were significantly higher (p<0.05) in S2 when compared with S1 indicated that S1 population could be more economically viable due to their relatively higher edible meat content. The CIs were significantly higher (p<0.05) in S1 population than the CIs of S2 population. The values of CIs reflected that S1 population had better health condition than S2 population. The ratios of different shell measurements did not vary significantly implied that both populations were homogenous in size, shape and structure. Morphological analyses of different populations of T. granosa revealed that habitat could play a vital role in morphological variations.
{"title":"Morphological variations in blood cockle Tegillarca granosa (L, 1758) populations collected from the south-east and south-west coasts of Bangladesh","authors":"A Waliullah, Selina Yeasmine, M Uddin","doi":"10.5455/jbau.162927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jbau.162927","url":null,"abstract":"Morphology helps in studying the external features of an individual, including the size, shape, structure of the animals and in determining the evolutionary relationships among organisms. Current study was undertaken to investigate the morphological variations between the two populations of blood cockle, Tegillarca granosa collected from the south-east (west coast of Maheshkhali Island, Cox’s Bazar; S1) and south-west (Jamuna River Estuary near Ishawrypur, Shemnagar, Shatkhira; S2) coasts of Bangladesh. Samples were drawn from the intertidal region during low-tide by hand-picking with the aid of local people in March 2020 from both sites. Fifteen primary parameters, and 27 secondary parameters obtained from the ratios of different primary parameters were studied to compare the values between the two populations. Out of 15 primary morphological parameters, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the populations. Among the 27 secondary morphological parameters, only 4 parameters were significantly different (p<0.05) between the two populations. The statistically different parameters were shell length (SL)/wet tissue weight (TWW), shell height (SH)/wet tissue weight (TWW), shell thickness (ST)/wet tissue weight (TWW) and condition index (CI). The ratios of shell dimensions and wet tissue weight were significantly higher (p<0.05) in S2 when compared with S1 indicated that S1 population could be more economically viable due to their relatively higher edible meat content. The CIs were significantly higher (p<0.05) in S1 population than the CIs of S2 population. The values of CIs reflected that S1 population had better health condition than S2 population. The ratios of different shell measurements did not vary significantly implied that both populations were homogenous in size, shape and structure. Morphological analyses of different populations of T. granosa revealed that habitat could play a vital role in morphological variations.","PeriodicalId":17224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Bangladesh Agricultural University","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md Rahman, Bijoya Saha, Md Shahjahan, Banin Roy, Mohammad Uddin
Morphological and chemical traits of host plants play a vital role in the abundance and infestation of herbivore insects. The study was carried out to know the abundance and infestation of aphid Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on selected mustard varieties namely BARI-14, BARI-15 and Tori-7, and to find out the relationship of the abundance and infestation of aphid with plant morphological and chemical traits. The percent plant infestation was lowest on BARI-15 and highest on BARI-14. Similarly, leaf and pod infestations per affected plant were less on the BARI-15, followed by Tori-7 and BARI-14. Aphid abundance on the plants and pods was minimal on BARI-15, followed by the Tori-7 and BARI-14. Aphid infestations were positively correlated with the percent water content and diameter of stems and pods. Likewise, percent nitrogen and organic carbon in the stems and pods were influential in elevating aphid abundances. Therefore, BARI-15 was the least preferred variety to aphids than Tori-7 and BARI-14. The higher proportion of water, nitrogen and organic carbon in the plants, stems and pods and the larger diameter of stems increased aphid abundance.
{"title":"Morphological and Chemical Attributes of Mustard Varieties Affect the Abundance and Infestation of Aphid","authors":"Md Rahman, Bijoya Saha, Md Shahjahan, Banin Roy, Mohammad Uddin","doi":"10.5455/jbau.159059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jbau.159059","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological and chemical traits of host plants play a vital role in the abundance and infestation of herbivore insects. The study was carried out to know the abundance and infestation of aphid Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on selected mustard varieties namely BARI-14, BARI-15 and Tori-7, and to find out the relationship of the abundance and infestation of aphid with plant morphological and chemical traits. The percent plant infestation was lowest on BARI-15 and highest on BARI-14. Similarly, leaf and pod infestations per affected plant were less on the BARI-15, followed by Tori-7 and BARI-14. Aphid abundance on the plants and pods was minimal on BARI-15, followed by the Tori-7 and BARI-14. Aphid infestations were positively correlated with the percent water content and diameter of stems and pods. Likewise, percent nitrogen and organic carbon in the stems and pods were influential in elevating aphid abundances. Therefore, BARI-15 was the least preferred variety to aphids than Tori-7 and BARI-14. The higher proportion of water, nitrogen and organic carbon in the plants, stems and pods and the larger diameter of stems increased aphid abundance.","PeriodicalId":17224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Bangladesh Agricultural University","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safe and clean drinking water is the prerequisite for survival and has a significant impact on daily life. The existing higher concentrations of iron in groundwater in different regions of Bangladesh, including Sylhet, cause significant health issues for the concerned community. To address this problem, a lab-scale Portable Iron Removal Plant (PIRP) was developed to remove iron from drinking water. It includes downward free-flow aeration, sedimentation, and up-flow filtration using filter media like vit sand (8 cm), fine sand (5 cm), foam (1.2 cm), stone (4 cm), and jhama (2 cm), with a total depth of 20.2 cm. A total of 7 iron-contaminated water samples were collected from 7 different deep tube-wells from Sylhet Agricultural University (SAU) campus. The samples were tested for iron concentration before and after filtration through PIRP. Water Quality Index (WQI) was determined using Weighted Arithmetic (W.A.) method. Iron concentrations of the samples before filtration were 1.61, 5.00, 1.69, 1.88, 1.97, 1.69, and 1.82 mg/L, which reduced to 0.55, 0.58, 0.91, 0.13, 0.67, 0.28 and 0.36 mg/L, respectively after filtering through the PIRP. Maximum iron removal efficiency of the PIRP was 93.09%, with the average efficiency 75%, which is satisfactory in comparison to other studies. The PIRP could be a sustainable alternative with further improvement for its easy operation and maintenance, and utilization of low-cost components (e.g., natural aerations, low-cost filtering agents, etc.).
{"title":"Development and Evaluation of a Portable Iron Removal Plant (PIRP) for Drinking Water","authors":"Mohd Rahman, Md Jabed, Md Hossain, Tariqul Islam","doi":"10.5455/jbau.158938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jbau.158938","url":null,"abstract":"Safe and clean drinking water is the prerequisite for survival and has a significant impact on daily life. The existing higher concentrations of iron in groundwater in different regions of Bangladesh, including Sylhet, cause significant health issues for the concerned community. To address this problem, a lab-scale Portable Iron Removal Plant (PIRP) was developed to remove iron from drinking water. It includes downward free-flow aeration, sedimentation, and up-flow filtration using filter media like vit sand (8 cm), fine sand (5 cm), foam (1.2 cm), stone (4 cm), and jhama (2 cm), with a total depth of 20.2 cm. A total of 7 iron-contaminated water samples were collected from 7 different deep tube-wells from Sylhet Agricultural University (SAU) campus. The samples were tested for iron concentration before and after filtration through PIRP. Water Quality Index (WQI) was determined using Weighted Arithmetic (W.A.) method. Iron concentrations of the samples before filtration were 1.61, 5.00, 1.69, 1.88, 1.97, 1.69, and 1.82 mg/L, which reduced to 0.55, 0.58, 0.91, 0.13, 0.67, 0.28 and 0.36 mg/L, respectively after filtering through the PIRP. Maximum iron removal efficiency of the PIRP was 93.09%, with the average efficiency 75%, which is satisfactory in comparison to other studies. The PIRP could be a sustainable alternative with further improvement for its easy operation and maintenance, and utilization of low-cost components (e.g., natural aerations, low-cost filtering agents, etc.).","PeriodicalId":17224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Bangladesh Agricultural University","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change and its variability cause different stresses that negatively affecting the pulse crop specially mungbean in the southern region of Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to examine the climate change risk perception of mungbean growers and vulnerability of mungbean in the coastal districts of Patuakhali and Barguna in Bangladesh. Using a structured questionnaire with face to face interviews, 120 samples were collected from Patuakhali and Barguna district during the period of 2022-23. The multistage sampling technique was used in selecting the sample. The collected data were analyzed using a combination of descriptive statistics i.e. sum, averages and percentages) and mathematical analyses i.e. Standardized Climate Change Risk Perception Index (SCCRPI) and Vulnerability Index. The study found that farmers in these regions grow mungbean during late Robi and kharif-ii season. In Patuakhali district, the highest SCCRPI value was for drought (77) and lowest value was for salinity (33). In contrast, the highest SCCRPI values in the Barguna district was for drought (75) and lowest value was for salinity (33), respectively. Farmers in both districts identified drought as the greatest concern, followed by insect attack, rainfall, disease infestation, water logging and salinity. The vulnerability index for mungbean in Patuakhali and Barguna district, respectively, is 0.34 and 0.35, which indicates a medium level of vulnerability and indicates that one should use improved technologies, stress tolerant variety that can minimize risk from unfavorable climatic, social, and biological conditions. Farmers responded that three times harvest was the main reason that hinder the production process along with others climatic, biological and social factors. Development of synchronized variety, availability of good quality seed, digging canals, proper use of sluice gate can increase the yield of mungbean in the study areas.
{"title":"CLIMATE CHANGE RISK PERCEPTION AND VULNERABILITY OF MUNGBEAN PRODUCTION IN SOUTHERN BANGLADESH","authors":"Nanda Kundu, Md Uddin","doi":"10.5455/jbau.158417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jbau.158417","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and its variability cause different stresses that negatively affecting the pulse crop specially mungbean in the southern region of Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to examine the climate change risk perception of mungbean growers and vulnerability of mungbean in the coastal districts of Patuakhali and Barguna in Bangladesh. Using a structured questionnaire with face to face interviews, 120 samples were collected from Patuakhali and Barguna district during the period of 2022-23. The multistage sampling technique was used in selecting the sample. The collected data were analyzed using a combination of descriptive statistics i.e. sum, averages and percentages) and mathematical analyses i.e. Standardized Climate Change Risk Perception Index (SCCRPI) and Vulnerability Index. The study found that farmers in these regions grow mungbean during late Robi and kharif-ii season. In Patuakhali district, the highest SCCRPI value was for drought (77) and lowest value was for salinity (33). In contrast, the highest SCCRPI values in the Barguna district was for drought (75) and lowest value was for salinity (33), respectively. Farmers in both districts identified drought as the greatest concern, followed by insect attack, rainfall, disease infestation, water logging and salinity. The vulnerability index for mungbean in Patuakhali and Barguna district, respectively, is 0.34 and 0.35, which indicates a medium level of vulnerability and indicates that one should use improved technologies, stress tolerant variety that can minimize risk from unfavorable climatic, social, and biological conditions. Farmers responded that three times harvest was the main reason that hinder the production process along with others climatic, biological and social factors. Development of synchronized variety, availability of good quality seed, digging canals, proper use of sluice gate can increase the yield of mungbean in the study areas.","PeriodicalId":17224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Bangladesh Agricultural University","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was conducted to examine the protective effects of naringin (NRG) on renal tissues of rats, specifically against acetaminophen (ACN)-induced damage. Thirty-two male rats were included in the study, divided into four groups. The first group (group I) was administered 1 ml/kg of saline orally, serving as the control group. The second group received 2g/kg of ACN on the first day. The third group received a single oral dose of 2g/kg of ACN on the first day, followed by 40 mg/kg of oral NRG for eight consecutive days. Lastly, the fourth group was given a single oral dose of 2g/kg of ACN on the first day, followed by 80 mg/kg of oral NRG for eight days. The rats were then euthanized and their kidneys were removed after they had been anesthetized for blood collection. The ACN-induced renal damage was characterized by significant reductions in body weight, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase. Additionally, there were significant increases in kidney weight, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, malondialdehyde enzyme (MAD), and histopathological alterations. The study demonstrated that NRG treatment at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg b.w. effectively reduced renal toxicity and oxidative damage induced by ACN. The effectiveness of these improvements was demonstrated by the noticeable increase in body weight, elevated levels of SOD and CAT, as well as the reduction in kidney weight, CR, BUN, SUA, and MAD levels. As a result of these findings, NRG is confirmed to have antioxidant properties and be capable of protecting rats from renal toxicity caused by ACN.
{"title":"A histological investigation of the influence of Naringin on acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats","authors":"Ekhlas Alalwany","doi":"10.5455/jbau.164137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jbau.164137","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to examine the protective effects of naringin (NRG) on renal tissues of rats, specifically against acetaminophen (ACN)-induced damage. Thirty-two male rats were included in the study, divided into four groups. The first group (group I) was administered 1 ml/kg of saline orally, serving as the control group. The second group received 2g/kg of ACN on the first day. The third group received a single oral dose of 2g/kg of ACN on the first day, followed by 40 mg/kg of oral NRG for eight consecutive days. Lastly, the fourth group was given a single oral dose of 2g/kg of ACN on the first day, followed by 80 mg/kg of oral NRG for eight days. The rats were then euthanized and their kidneys were removed after they had been anesthetized for blood collection. The ACN-induced renal damage was characterized by significant reductions in body weight, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase. Additionally, there were significant increases in kidney weight, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, malondialdehyde enzyme (MAD), and histopathological alterations. The study demonstrated that NRG treatment at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg b.w. effectively reduced renal toxicity and oxidative damage induced by ACN. The effectiveness of these improvements was demonstrated by the noticeable increase in body weight, elevated levels of SOD and CAT, as well as the reduction in kidney weight, CR, BUN, SUA, and MAD levels. As a result of these findings, NRG is confirmed to have antioxidant properties and be capable of protecting rats from renal toxicity caused by ACN.","PeriodicalId":17224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Bangladesh Agricultural University","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The time of sowing and spacing affect the yield and yield-attributing characteristics of crops. An experiment was carried out at the Field Laboratory of the Agronomy Department of Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali during the period from November 2016 to April 2017 in order to evaluate the effect of sowing date and spacing on the yield and yield contributing characters of sunflower. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications, where sowing time was assigned in the main plot and spacing was assigned as a sub-plot treatment. The experiment comprised four sowing times (30 November, 15 December, 30 December, and 15 January) considering factor A and six spacing (40 cm × 25 cm, 40 cm × 35 cm, 40 cm × 45 cm, 50 cm × 25 cm, 50 cm × 35 cm, 50 cm × 45 cm) considering as factor B. Sowing date and spacing influenced significantly almost all the characters studied. The crop was sown on 15 December at 50 cm × 45 cm producing the tallest plant of 137.36, 178.59, and 186.53 cm at 60, 75, and 90 DAS, respectively. The maximum leaf area (1172.00 cm2), the largest head (48.53 g), the widest head (18.13 cm), the maximum seed weight head-1 (57.51g), and the highest number of seed head-1 (872.94) were produced by sunflower when planted on 15 December at 50 cm × 45 cm plant spacing. The maximum stover yield (8.92 t ha-1) and the highest biological yield of 11.97 t ha-1 were produced by the 15 December planted crop at 40 cm × 25 cm spacing. The maximum 1000 seed weight (65.28 g), harvest index (29.31%), and seed yield (3.15 t ha-1) was obtained from the mid-planting date (15 December) at the 50 cm × 25 cm plant spacing. The planting time of 15 December and the planting spacing of 50 cm × 25 cm could be recommended for sunflower cultivation in the southern non-saline area of Bangladesh.
播期和间距影响作物的产量和产量属性。2016年11月至2017年4月，为了评价播期和播距对向日葵产量和产量贡献性状的影响，在帕图阿卡利科技大学农学系大田实验室进行了试验。试验采用3个重复的分畦设计，在主畦安排播期，在次畦安排播距。考虑A因素的4个播期(11月30日、12月15日、12月30日和1月15日)和考虑b因素的6个播距(40 cm × 25 cm、40 cm × 35 cm、40 cm × 45 cm、50 cm × 25 cm、50 cm × 35 cm、50 cm × 45 cm)，播期和播距对研究的几乎所有性状都有显著影响。该作物于12月15日播种，播种面积为50 cm × 45 cm，在60、75和90 DAS时，最高的植株分别为137.36、178.59和186.53 cm。12月15日在株距50 cm × 45 cm时，向日葵的叶面积最大(1172.00 cm2)，穗最大(48.53 g)，穗最宽(18.13 cm)，籽粒重最大(57.51g)，籽粒数最多(872.94)。12月15日种植40 cm × 25 cm时，秸秆产量最高(8.92 t hm -1)，生物产量最高(11.97 t hm -1)。播种中期(12月15日)，株距为50 cm × 25 cm时，1000粒重(65.28 g)、收获指数(29.31%)和种子产量(3.15 t hm -1)最高。建议在孟加拉国南部非盐碱区种植向日葵，种植时间为12月15日，种植间距为50 cm × 25 cm。
{"title":"Effect of Time of Sowing and Spacing of Sunflower on Yield and Yield Attributing Characters in Non-saline Area of Patuakhali","authors":"Nowrose Lipi, Muhammad Maniruzzaman","doi":"10.5455/jbau.157531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jbau.157531","url":null,"abstract":"The time of sowing and spacing affect the yield and yield-attributing characteristics of crops. An experiment was carried out at the Field Laboratory of the Agronomy Department of Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali during the period from November 2016 to April 2017 in order to evaluate the effect of sowing date and spacing on the yield and yield contributing characters of sunflower. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications, where sowing time was assigned in the main plot and spacing was assigned as a sub-plot treatment. The experiment comprised four sowing times (30 November, 15 December, 30 December, and 15 January) considering factor A and six spacing (40 cm × 25 cm, 40 cm × 35 cm, 40 cm × 45 cm, 50 cm × 25 cm, 50 cm × 35 cm, 50 cm × 45 cm) considering as factor B. Sowing date and spacing influenced significantly almost all the characters studied. The crop was sown on 15 December at 50 cm × 45 cm producing the tallest plant of 137.36, 178.59, and 186.53 cm at 60, 75, and 90 DAS, respectively. The maximum leaf area (1172.00 cm2), the largest head (48.53 g), the widest head (18.13 cm), the maximum seed weight head-1 (57.51g), and the highest number of seed head-1 (872.94) were produced by sunflower when planted on 15 December at 50 cm × 45 cm plant spacing. The maximum stover yield (8.92 t ha-1) and the highest biological yield of 11.97 t ha-1 were produced by the 15 December planted crop at 40 cm × 25 cm spacing. The maximum 1000 seed weight (65.28 g), harvest index (29.31%), and seed yield (3.15 t ha-1) was obtained from the mid-planting date (15 December) at the 50 cm × 25 cm plant spacing. The planting time of 15 December and the planting spacing of 50 cm × 25 cm could be recommended for sunflower cultivation in the southern non-saline area of Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":17224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Bangladesh Agricultural University","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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