Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1353/pew.2025.a932704
Yuchen Liang
This article explores the concept of qinqin 親親 (familial closeness) within Chinese culture, challenging traditional definitions of family through the lens of authenticity and diversity. It critically examines Roger Ames’ concept of optimizing symbiosis and Sun Xiangchen's analysis of qinqin in familial being-between-generations. Through Ames’ concept of zoetological difference, the author exposes possible misunderstandings of qinqin and its root shengsheng 生生 (incessant living, growing, birthing) as something merely biological or dogmatic, as well as practical consequences of those misunderstandings both historically and contemporarily. Ames’ and Sun’s concepts are used to counter these misunderstandings. By analyzing familial relationships beyond mere biological connections and patriarchal dogmas, the author argues for a broader understanding of family that includes non-traditional structures like DINK and LGBTQ families. The article then opens up the possibility of forming non-patriarchal families while preserving the zoetological-existential urge to keep meaning and love flowing between generations.
{"title":"Qinqin 親親 as Optimizing Symbiosis: Authenticity and Diversity in Contemporary Chinese Families","authors":"Yuchen Liang","doi":"10.1353/pew.2025.a932704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pew.2025.a932704","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the concept of qinqin 親親 (familial closeness) within Chinese culture, challenging traditional definitions of family through the lens of authenticity and diversity. It critically examines Roger Ames’ concept of optimizing symbiosis and Sun Xiangchen's analysis of qinqin in familial being-between-generations. Through Ames’ concept of zoetological difference, the author exposes possible misunderstandings of qinqin and its root shengsheng 生生 (incessant living, growing, birthing) as something merely biological or dogmatic, as well as practical consequences of those misunderstandings both historically and contemporarily. Ames’ and Sun’s concepts are used to counter these misunderstandings. By analyzing familial relationships beyond mere biological connections and patriarchal dogmas, the author argues for a broader understanding of family that includes non-traditional structures like DINK and LGBTQ families. The article then opens up the possibility of forming non-patriarchal families while preserving the zoetological-existential urge to keep meaning and love flowing between generations.","PeriodicalId":172585,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy East and West","volume":"57 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141689380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1353/pew.2025.a932703
Travis Chilcott
Jīva Gosvāmin (16th-17th c.), one of the most important of the early Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava theologians, argues for a unique theory of mystical pluralism that shares critical parallels with the highly influential constructivist thesis advanced by Steven Katz, albeit separated by more than four hundred years. These parallels suggest a shared insight into the cognitive dynamics underpinning mystical experiences, which research on cognition and learning, conceptual processing, and perception helps explain. These researches suggest the practices with which Jīva is concerned serve as learning strategies that help one increasingly learn and internalize a particular conception of divine reality, what it is like to experience it, and an expectation that one will experience it. As these become increasingly internalized, they influence one’s perceptions and experiences relative to what one has learned, creating favorable conditions for the emergence of experiences that reflect, at least to some extent, what one expects to experience.
{"title":"Making Sense of Early Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava Mystical Theology: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of History and Mysticism","authors":"Travis Chilcott","doi":"10.1353/pew.2025.a932703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pew.2025.a932703","url":null,"abstract":"Jīva Gosvāmin (16th-17th c.), one of the most important of the early Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava theologians, argues for a unique theory of mystical pluralism that shares critical parallels with the highly influential constructivist thesis advanced by Steven Katz, albeit separated by more than four hundred years. These parallels suggest a shared insight into the cognitive dynamics underpinning mystical experiences, which research on cognition and learning, conceptual processing, and perception helps explain. These researches suggest the practices with which Jīva is concerned serve as learning strategies that help one increasingly learn and internalize a particular conception of divine reality, what it is like to experience it, and an expectation that one will experience it. As these become increasingly internalized, they influence one’s perceptions and experiences relative to what one has learned, creating favorable conditions for the emergence of experiences that reflect, at least to some extent, what one expects to experience. \u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":172585,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy East and West","volume":"342 2‐3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1353/pew.2024.a925195
S. D. N. Cook
{"title":"Consciousness and Machines: A Commentary Drawing on Japanese Philosophy","authors":"S. D. N. Cook","doi":"10.1353/pew.2024.a925195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pew.2024.a925195","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":172585,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy East and West","volume":"435 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140784500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1353/pew.2024.a925199
Jeffery D. Long
{"title":"An Appreciation of Arvind Mandair's Sikh Philosophy : Exploring Gurmat Concepts in a Decolonizing World","authors":"Jeffery D. Long","doi":"10.1353/pew.2024.a925199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pew.2024.a925199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":172585,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy East and West","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140786413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1353/pew.2025.a925919
Bhikkhu Akiñcano
According to the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta, mindfulness of the body involves seeing the body in a threefold way: ajjhattaṃ, bahiddhā and ajjhattabahiddhā. This paper attempts to show how an investigation of bodily perception, following the approach adopted by the phenomenologist Maurice Merleau-Ponty, can serve as the basis for a philosophically grounded understanding of the Pāli words ajjhattaṃ and bahiddhā. The interpretation that emerges is the distinction between ‘right here’ and ‘out there’: two mutually dependent, internally related domains that are experienced as what Merleau-Ponty (1968) called the ‘chiasm’ or the ‘intertwining’. This is different from the standard interpretations found in the Abhidhamma, the Pāli commentaries, the Visuddhimagga and the instructions of most contemporary meditation teachers. It is hoped that the interpretation offered here can give some exposure to a movement within Theravāda Buddhism, initiated by Ñāṇavīra Thera but slowly gaining traction, characterised by a phenomenological reading of the Pāli suttas.
{"title":"Right Here and Out There: A Phenomenological Interpretation of ajjhattaṃṃ and bahiddhā in the Context of Mindfulness of the Body","authors":"Bhikkhu Akiñcano","doi":"10.1353/pew.2025.a925919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pew.2025.a925919","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta, mindfulness of the body involves seeing the body in a threefold way: ajjhattaṃ, bahiddhā and ajjhattabahiddhā. This paper attempts to show how an investigation of bodily perception, following the approach adopted by the phenomenologist Maurice Merleau-Ponty, can serve as the basis for a philosophically grounded understanding of the Pāli words ajjhattaṃ and bahiddhā. The interpretation that emerges is the distinction between ‘right here’ and ‘out there’: two mutually dependent, internally related domains that are experienced as what Merleau-Ponty (1968) called the ‘chiasm’ or the ‘intertwining’. This is different from the standard interpretations found in the Abhidhamma, the Pāli commentaries, the Visuddhimagga and the instructions of most contemporary meditation teachers. It is hoped that the interpretation offered here can give some exposure to a movement within Theravāda Buddhism, initiated by Ñāṇavīra Thera but slowly gaining traction, characterised by a phenomenological reading of the Pāli suttas.","PeriodicalId":172585,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy East and West","volume":"69 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140791355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1353/pew.2024.a925201
{"title":"Comparative Philosophy and Method: Contemporary Practices and Future Possibilities ed. by Steven Burik, Robert Smid and Ralph Weber (review)","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/pew.2024.a925201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pew.2024.a925201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":172585,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy East and West","volume":"168 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140770587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1353/pew.2025.a925920
Xiaobo Yang
The rise of “Chinese-language philosophy” (Hanyu zhexue 漢語哲學) as a new trend in Chinese philosophical studies signifies an effort to legitimize Chinese philosophy in a new light. This article explores several pivotal inquiries regarding this trend: What does Hanyu zhexue refer to? Under what circumstances did it arise, and why has it gained prominence primarily within Chinese academia? Is Chinese philosophy inherently language-specific? By drawing comparisons with the similar phenomenon of “Japanese-language philosophy,” we approach the prospects of “Chinese-language philosophy” with caution. We argue that an excessive focus on language in philosophy risks fostering a language-centric ontology that overshadows the foundations shared by all philosophical traditions and human languages—namely, the lived experiences and social practices of human beings.
{"title":"The Name and Nature of “Chinese-Language Philosophy”","authors":"Xiaobo Yang","doi":"10.1353/pew.2025.a925920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pew.2025.a925920","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of “Chinese-language philosophy” (Hanyu zhexue 漢語哲學) as a new trend in Chinese philosophical studies signifies an effort to legitimize Chinese philosophy in a new light. This article explores several pivotal inquiries regarding this trend: What does Hanyu zhexue refer to? Under what circumstances did it arise, and why has it gained prominence primarily within Chinese academia? Is Chinese philosophy inherently language-specific? By drawing comparisons with the similar phenomenon of “Japanese-language philosophy,” we approach the prospects of “Chinese-language philosophy” with caution. We argue that an excessive focus on language in philosophy risks fostering a language-centric ontology that overshadows the foundations shared by all philosophical traditions and human languages—namely, the lived experiences and social practices of human beings.","PeriodicalId":172585,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy East and West","volume":"231 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140772026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1353/pew.2024.a925194
Inês Hipólito
{"title":"The Human Roots of Artificial Intelligence: A Commentary on Susan Schneider's Artificial You","authors":"Inês Hipólito","doi":"10.1353/pew.2024.a925194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pew.2024.a925194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":172585,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy East and West","volume":"576 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140759405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1353/pew.2024.a925196
Susan Schneider
{"title":"Emergent Spacetime, the Megastructure Problem, and the Metaphysics of the Self","authors":"Susan Schneider","doi":"10.1353/pew.2024.a925196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pew.2024.a925196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":172585,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy East and West","volume":"509 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140757993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1353/pew.2024.a925192
Ferenc Takó
Abstract: Various approaches have been taken recently to a reinterpretation of the European reception of China and the sinophilia-sinophobia dichotomy (Hung 2003, Millar 2010, Jacobsen 2013). In the present article, a nineteenth-century approach to China is examined using Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859) and John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) as examples. It will be argued that this approach differs from earlier attitudes. First, the central currents will be surveyed in the European reception of China between the Jesuit missionaries and early nineteenth-century philosophies of history, introducing an interpretational framework that differentiates between various approaches to China, namely a universalistic and a progression-based approach . Then, first Tocqueville's and then Mill's depictions of China in comparison with the concepts of preceding centuries will be analyzed. It will be argued that Tocqueville and Mill's understanding of China represents a third view that I will call relation-based .
摘要：近来，人们采取了多种方法来重新解读欧洲人对中国的接受以及亲华与仇华的二分法（Hung，2003 年；Millar，2010 年；Jacobsen，2013 年）。本文以托克维尔（Alexis de Tocqueville，1805-1859 年）和约翰-斯图亚特-密尔（John Stuart Mill，1806-1873 年）为例，探讨了十九世纪的中国研究方法。本文将论证这种方法与早期态度的不同之处。首先，将对耶稣会传教士和十九世纪早期历史哲学之间欧洲人接受中国的中心潮流进行调查，引入一个解释框架，区分对待中国的各种方法，即普遍主义方法和基于进步的方法。然后，将首先分析托克维尔对中国的描述，然后分析密尔对中国的描述，并与之前几个世纪的概念进行比较。托克维尔和密尔对中国的理解代表了第三种观点，我称之为基于关系的观点。
{"title":"Beyond Sinophilia and Sinophobia: Tocqueville and Mill in the Continuum of the European Reception of China","authors":"Ferenc Takó","doi":"10.1353/pew.2024.a925192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pew.2024.a925192","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Various approaches have been taken recently to a reinterpretation of the European reception of China and the sinophilia-sinophobia dichotomy (Hung 2003, Millar 2010, Jacobsen 2013). In the present article, a nineteenth-century approach to China is examined using Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859) and John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) as examples. It will be argued that this approach differs from earlier attitudes. First, the central currents will be surveyed in the European reception of China between the Jesuit missionaries and early nineteenth-century philosophies of history, introducing an interpretational framework that differentiates between various approaches to China, namely a universalistic and a progression-based approach . Then, first Tocqueville's and then Mill's depictions of China in comparison with the concepts of preceding centuries will be analyzed. It will be argued that Tocqueville and Mill's understanding of China represents a third view that I will call relation-based .","PeriodicalId":172585,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy East and West","volume":"104 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140767464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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