Pub Date : 2023-01-10DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2023.66.1.31
B. Son
Background: Occipital neuralgia is defined as paroxysmal shooting, or stabbing pain in the posterior part of the scalp, in the distribution of the greater and lesser occipital nerves. Occipital neuralgia may present only as an intermittent stabbing pain, but different opinions exist on its cause and diagnostic criteria.Current Concepts: According to the latest version of headache classification, only paroxysmal stabbing pain is included in the diagnostic criteria, and persistent aching pain is excluded. Pain intensity was also limited to severe cases. It has therefore become difficult to classify existing occipital neuralgia, whose main symptom is persistent pain rather than paroxysmal stabbing pain. Occipital neuralgia is classified as either idiopathic or secondary. Secondary occipital neuralgia is caused by structural lesions innervating the trigeminocervical complex (TCC) in the upper spinal cord, the dorsal root of second cervical cord, and the greater occipital nerve (GON).Discussion and Conclusion: Although idiopathic occipital neuralgia has no cause, the entrapment of the GON in the tendinous aponeurotic attachment of the trapezius muscle at the superior nuchal line has recently been proposed as an etiology. Chronic, irritating afferent input of occipital neuralgia caused by entrapment of the GON seems to be associated with sensitization and hypersensitivity of the second-order neurons in the TCC receiving convergent input from trigeminal and occipital structures. TCC sensitization induces referred pain in the facial trigeminal area.
{"title":"Diagnosis and treatment of occipital neuralgia: focus on greater occipital nerve entrapment syndrome","authors":"B. Son","doi":"10.5124/jkma.2023.66.1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2023.66.1.31","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Occipital neuralgia is defined as paroxysmal shooting, or stabbing pain in the posterior part of the scalp, in the distribution of the greater and lesser occipital nerves. Occipital neuralgia may present only as an intermittent stabbing pain, but different opinions exist on its cause and diagnostic criteria.Current Concepts: According to the latest version of headache classification, only paroxysmal stabbing pain is included in the diagnostic criteria, and persistent aching pain is excluded. Pain intensity was also limited to severe cases. It has therefore become difficult to classify existing occipital neuralgia, whose main symptom is persistent pain rather than paroxysmal stabbing pain. Occipital neuralgia is classified as either idiopathic or secondary. Secondary occipital neuralgia is caused by structural lesions innervating the trigeminocervical complex (TCC) in the upper spinal cord, the dorsal root of second cervical cord, and the greater occipital nerve (GON).Discussion and Conclusion: Although idiopathic occipital neuralgia has no cause, the entrapment of the GON in the tendinous aponeurotic attachment of the trapezius muscle at the superior nuchal line has recently been proposed as an etiology. Chronic, irritating afferent input of occipital neuralgia caused by entrapment of the GON seems to be associated with sensitization and hypersensitivity of the second-order neurons in the TCC receiving convergent input from trigeminal and occipital structures. TCC sensitization induces referred pain in the facial trigeminal area.","PeriodicalId":17300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Medical Association","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84200232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-10DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2023.66.1.2
Pil Soo Lee
{"title":"A new year’s greeting message","authors":"Pil Soo Lee","doi":"10.5124/jkma.2023.66.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2023.66.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Medical Association","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136326691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-10DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2023.66.1.60
Dae Kyum Kim
Background: Recently, it was revealed that Jong-Ha Kim was the first self-employed Korean physician in Daejeon city of South Korea during the Japanese colonial period. However, little is known about him. In this paper, the author aimed to search for historical records of his activities as the first Korean physician in Daejeon city.Current Concepts: Kim’s clinic in Daejeon city was called Chung-Ang Clinic. This is all that has ever been confirmed about Jong-Ha Kim. The author has been searching for his medical record for the last year. Kim’s medical records were collected from journal papers on the modern history of Korea, National Institute of Korean History database, Naver news library archive, official gazette of the Japanese government-general of Korea, database of Seoul National University alumni, and a resume of a professor at the Hamhung Medical School. The results are as follows. He was born in Shinchang-ri Hamheung city Hamgyeongnam-do on August 9, 1900. He graduated from the missionary school established by Canadian missionaries and was admitted to Kyungseong (Keijo) Medical School in 1918. It was recently discovered that he participated in the Independence movement on March 1, 1919. His picture, an old leaflet for his clinic which he had used, and his resume as a professor at the Hamhung Medical School were discovered for the first time.Discussion and Conclusion: The historical records of Jong-Ha Kim’s life provide insight into the lives of contemporary doctors in modern Korea. During the period of 1900 to 1950, which encompasses his historical records, significant events took place in Korean history, and he actively participated in these events. Despite facing numerous difficulties as a doctor in modern Korea, Jong-Ha Kim made decisions that had a great impact. He was a great doctor who served as a good role model.
{"title":"In search of Jong Ha Kim, the first Korean medical doctor in modern Daejeon city","authors":"Dae Kyum Kim","doi":"10.5124/jkma.2023.66.1.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2023.66.1.60","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recently, it was revealed that Jong-Ha Kim was the first self-employed Korean physician in Daejeon city of South Korea during the Japanese colonial period. However, little is known about him. In this paper, the author aimed to search for historical records of his activities as the first Korean physician in Daejeon city.Current Concepts: Kim’s clinic in Daejeon city was called Chung-Ang Clinic. This is all that has ever been confirmed about Jong-Ha Kim. The author has been searching for his medical record for the last year. Kim’s medical records were collected from journal papers on the modern history of Korea, National Institute of Korean History database, Naver news library archive, official gazette of the Japanese government-general of Korea, database of Seoul National University alumni, and a resume of a professor at the Hamhung Medical School. The results are as follows. He was born in Shinchang-ri Hamheung city Hamgyeongnam-do on August 9, 1900. He graduated from the missionary school established by Canadian missionaries and was admitted to Kyungseong (Keijo) Medical School in 1918. It was recently discovered that he participated in the Independence movement on March 1, 1919. His picture, an old leaflet for his clinic which he had used, and his resume as a professor at the Hamhung Medical School were discovered for the first time.Discussion and Conclusion: The historical records of Jong-Ha Kim’s life provide insight into the lives of contemporary doctors in modern Korea. During the period of 1900 to 1950, which encompasses his historical records, significant events took place in Korean history, and he actively participated in these events. Despite facing numerous difficulties as a doctor in modern Korea, Jong-Ha Kim made decisions that had a great impact. He was a great doctor who served as a good role model.","PeriodicalId":17300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Medical Association","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85141826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.841
Jung Chan Lee, K. Kim
Background: The Korean government has been promoting the reform of the review and assessment system of national health insurance reimbursement claims. The aim of this study was to find out physicians’ perception and evaluation of the health insurance review and assessment system and present the direction for the government’s reform plan.Methods: The 2020 Korean Physician Survey questionnaire was sent to 57,714 members of the Korean Medical Association from November 19, 2020 to January 10, 2021. A total of 6,507 physicians (11.5%) responded; of these, the responses of 4,454, including the self-employed and employed, professors, and fellows, were included for analysis. The respondents’ perception of the current health insurance review system and of the government’s reform plan were analyzed.Results: It was found that 84.2% of the respondents evaluated the current health insurance review system negatively—particularly in terms of medical autonomy, transparency of the review standards, the standard development and application process, and the post-review adjustment process. Furthermore, only 0.7% of the respondents evaluated the government’s reform plan positively—particularly, the utilization of clinical practice guidelines for review standards, introduction of the professional review committee, and expansion of the link between the review and assessment system.Conclusion: Policymakers should understand physicians’ perception and evaluation of the health insurance review system. In addition, the reform plan should be thoroughly communicated to physicians.
{"title":"Physicians’ perception of the reform of the review and assessment system of national health insurance reimbursement claims","authors":"Jung Chan Lee, K. Kim","doi":"10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.841","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Korean government has been promoting the reform of the review and assessment system of national health insurance reimbursement claims. The aim of this study was to find out physicians’ perception and evaluation of the health insurance review and assessment system and present the direction for the government’s reform plan.Methods: The 2020 Korean Physician Survey questionnaire was sent to 57,714 members of the Korean Medical Association from November 19, 2020 to January 10, 2021. A total of 6,507 physicians (11.5%) responded; of these, the responses of 4,454, including the self-employed and employed, professors, and fellows, were included for analysis. The respondents’ perception of the current health insurance review system and of the government’s reform plan were analyzed.Results: It was found that 84.2% of the respondents evaluated the current health insurance review system negatively—particularly in terms of medical autonomy, transparency of the review standards, the standard development and application process, and the post-review adjustment process. Furthermore, only 0.7% of the respondents evaluated the government’s reform plan positively—particularly, the utilization of clinical practice guidelines for review standards, introduction of the professional review committee, and expansion of the link between the review and assessment system.Conclusion: Policymakers should understand physicians’ perception and evaluation of the health insurance review system. In addition, the reform plan should be thoroughly communicated to physicians.","PeriodicalId":17300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Medical Association","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86316885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.783
J. Kang
Background: Over the last decade, the male obesity rate in Korea has surged from 36.3% in 2012 to 46.3% in 2021. The proportion of overweight and obese students among elementary, middle, and high school students increased from 22.9% in 2016 to 30.8% in 2021.Current Concepts: Various methods, such as body mass index, waist circumference measurement, and impedance body fat analysis, are used to diagnose obesity. Obesity treatment is needed to establish an individualized treatment plan based on the cause of obesity, and behavioral changes should be induced through dietary therapy and exercise. Drug therapy should be considered in patients who could not lose weight despite non-pharmacological therapies for over 3 months and have one or more cardiovascular risk factors. Behavioral therapy is the core of obesity treatment because of its application as a programmed treatment for weight control and an approach to changing behaviors related to food intake and physical activity. If non-drug treatment does not lead to weight loss, drug therapy should be considered. Along with drug treatment, dietary therapy, exercise, and behavioral therapy are essential. In severely obese patients, surgical intervention can be considered for weight loss, the maintenance of reduced weight, and improvement of obesity-related comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes.Discussion and Conclusion: To successfully treat obesity, a combination of dietary plans, exercise programs, and drug therapy are required according to an accurate assessment of the cause and degree of obesity.
{"title":"Current status and treatment of obesity in Korea","authors":"J. Kang","doi":"10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.783","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Over the last decade, the male obesity rate in Korea has surged from 36.3% in 2012 to 46.3% in 2021. The proportion of overweight and obese students among elementary, middle, and high school students increased from 22.9% in 2016 to 30.8% in 2021.Current Concepts: Various methods, such as body mass index, waist circumference measurement, and impedance body fat analysis, are used to diagnose obesity. Obesity treatment is needed to establish an individualized treatment plan based on the cause of obesity, and behavioral changes should be induced through dietary therapy and exercise. Drug therapy should be considered in patients who could not lose weight despite non-pharmacological therapies for over 3 months and have one or more cardiovascular risk factors. Behavioral therapy is the core of obesity treatment because of its application as a programmed treatment for weight control and an approach to changing behaviors related to food intake and physical activity. If non-drug treatment does not lead to weight loss, drug therapy should be considered. Along with drug treatment, dietary therapy, exercise, and behavioral therapy are essential. In severely obese patients, surgical intervention can be considered for weight loss, the maintenance of reduced weight, and improvement of obesity-related comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes.Discussion and Conclusion: To successfully treat obesity, a combination of dietary plans, exercise programs, and drug therapy are required according to an accurate assessment of the cause and degree of obesity.","PeriodicalId":17300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Medical Association","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79789865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.821
Jin-Jo Kim
Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common upper gastrointestinal diseases that affects 10% to 20% of the general population worldwide.Current Concepts: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), the main treatment for this disease, is used to control symptoms. In most cases, PPI is prescribed empirically, and may be ineffective in 30% to 40% of patients. Even in cases with a precise diagnosis of GERD following objective tests, PPI becomes less effective as the disease progresses over a long time period. Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery can be a good option when PPI therapy becomes ineffective and dose increases are required. This surgery effectively abolishes all kinds of reflux by constructing a mechanical anti-reflux valve at the gastroesophageal junction. Before surgery, a precise diagnosis should be made following several objective tests, including esophagogastroduodenoscopy, pH monitoring, manometry, and esophagram. The degree of fundoplication should be tailored according to esophageal motility and disease severity.Discussion and Conclusion: Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery may be particularly effective for GERD patients with hiatal hernia, mechanically defective lower esophageal sphincter, or weak acidic/nonacidic reflux.
{"title":"Surgical treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease","authors":"Jin-Jo Kim","doi":"10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.821","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common upper gastrointestinal diseases that affects 10% to 20% of the general population worldwide.Current Concepts: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), the main treatment for this disease, is used to control symptoms. In most cases, PPI is prescribed empirically, and may be ineffective in 30% to 40% of patients. Even in cases with a precise diagnosis of GERD following objective tests, PPI becomes less effective as the disease progresses over a long time period. Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery can be a good option when PPI therapy becomes ineffective and dose increases are required. This surgery effectively abolishes all kinds of reflux by constructing a mechanical anti-reflux valve at the gastroesophageal junction. Before surgery, a precise diagnosis should be made following several objective tests, including esophagogastroduodenoscopy, pH monitoring, manometry, and esophagram. The degree of fundoplication should be tailored according to esophageal motility and disease severity.Discussion and Conclusion: Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery may be particularly effective for GERD patients with hiatal hernia, mechanically defective lower esophageal sphincter, or weak acidic/nonacidic reflux.","PeriodicalId":17300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Medical Association","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76928249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.789
C. Lee
Background: Tobacco use is a leading cause of countless deaths and disabilities worldwide. An estimated 11 million Korean adults were still using tobacco in 2020, according to the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This review aims to explain the current trends in tobacco use, sales, cessation, and control policies in South Korea.Current Concepts: Heated tobacco products (HTPs), a hybrid between conventional and electronic cigarettes, were first launched in South Korea in June 2017. Advertisements stating that HTPs are odorless, tar-free, and less harmful to health have caused sales of HTPs to grow quickly over the past 5 years, such that they account for about 15% of the total tobacco market. According to national smoking rate statistics and tobacco sales trends, declines in current smoking rates have slowed and even risen in some groups, and declines in total tobacco sales have slowed but also risen again during the coronavirus 19 pandemic. In addition, the number of visitors to smoking cessation clinics decreased just after the advent of HTPs and social distancing policies triggered by the coronavirus. Nicotine replacement therapy can serve as a drug therapy for smoking cessation, or bupropion and varenicline can be prescribed. Korea’s representative tobacco control policies include the tax increase policy, non-smoking area policy, cigarette pack warning picture policy, and support policy for visiting smoking cessation clinics.Discussion and Conclusion: There is a pressing need to reflect tobacco control policies in line with changes in tobacco user behaviors and tobacco company marketing strategies.
背景:烟草使用是全世界无数死亡和残疾的主要原因。据韩国国家健康与营养调查(Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey)估计，到2020年，仍有1100万韩国成年人在使用烟草。本综述旨在解释韩国烟草使用、销售、戒烟和控制政策的当前趋势。当前概念:加热烟草产品(HTPs)是传统香烟和电子烟的混合体，于2017年6月首次在韩国推出。在过去5年里，HTPs的销售迅速增长，广告宣称HTPs无味、无焦油、对健康危害较小，占烟草总市场的15%左右。根据全国吸烟率统计数据和烟草销售趋势，当前吸烟率的下降速度有所放缓，在一些人群中甚至有所上升，在新冠肺炎大流行期间，烟草总销量的下降速度有所放缓，但再次上升。此外，在新冠病毒引发的高温防护措施和社交距离政策出台后，戒烟诊所的访客人数有所减少。尼古丁替代疗法可以作为戒烟的药物疗法，或者是安非他酮和伐尼克兰。韩国代表性的控烟政策有增税政策、禁烟区政策、香烟包装警示图片政策、戒烟诊疗支援政策等。讨论与结论:迫切需要根据烟草使用者行为的变化和烟草公司的营销策略来反映烟草控制政策。
{"title":"Current status of tobacco use, cessation and control policy in Korea","authors":"C. Lee","doi":"10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.789","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tobacco use is a leading cause of countless deaths and disabilities worldwide. An estimated 11 million Korean adults were still using tobacco in 2020, according to the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This review aims to explain the current trends in tobacco use, sales, cessation, and control policies in South Korea.Current Concepts: Heated tobacco products (HTPs), a hybrid between conventional and electronic cigarettes, were first launched in South Korea in June 2017. Advertisements stating that HTPs are odorless, tar-free, and less harmful to health have caused sales of HTPs to grow quickly over the past 5 years, such that they account for about 15% of the total tobacco market. According to national smoking rate statistics and tobacco sales trends, declines in current smoking rates have slowed and even risen in some groups, and declines in total tobacco sales have slowed but also risen again during the coronavirus 19 pandemic. In addition, the number of visitors to smoking cessation clinics decreased just after the advent of HTPs and social distancing policies triggered by the coronavirus. Nicotine replacement therapy can serve as a drug therapy for smoking cessation, or bupropion and varenicline can be prescribed. Korea’s representative tobacco control policies include the tax increase policy, non-smoking area policy, cigarette pack warning picture policy, and support policy for visiting smoking cessation clinics.Discussion and Conclusion: There is a pressing need to reflect tobacco control policies in line with changes in tobacco user behaviors and tobacco company marketing strategies.","PeriodicalId":17300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Medical Association","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86059537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.850
Joohyun Kang, Jin Suk Kim
Background: Since the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, telemedicine has become an important means of providing medical care worldwide. This study aims to highlight the implications of establishing telemedicine policies in Korea. Japan’s telemedicine policies were reviewed from the time of the first trial to the present official allowance.Current Concepts: Since telemedicine demonstration work began in 1971, telemedicine in Japan has advanced in four stages. The first stage was the operation of a remote regional comprehensive medical information system from 1971 to 1997. The second stage was when telemedicine was officially institutionalized from 1997 to 2018. The third stage was the time of expansion of telemedicine, from the announcement of the “Guidelines for the Implementation of Proper Online Care” in 2018 to when online first-time examinations were temporarily allowed in 2020. The fourth stage began in 2021 when the “Permanent Establishment of Special Cases for Online Care” was announced, and telemedicine has been officially allowed to supplement face-to-face care. Telemedicine usage was estimated to be about 53.65 million in 2021, and the total number of treatments in Japan in 2021 was estimated to be about 1.32 billion, accounting for about 4.1% of medical care.Discussion and Conclusion: For the Korean government to establish telemedicine, it needs to be promoted step by step through discussions with the medical community. Also, an appropriate medical remuneration system needs to be prepared along with guidelines reflecting the opinions of the medical community to secure the safety of telemedicine.
{"title":"Current status of telemedicine in Japan: implications for Korea","authors":"Joohyun Kang, Jin Suk Kim","doi":"10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.850","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, telemedicine has become an important means of providing medical care worldwide. This study aims to highlight the implications of establishing telemedicine policies in Korea. Japan’s telemedicine policies were reviewed from the time of the first trial to the present official allowance.Current Concepts: Since telemedicine demonstration work began in 1971, telemedicine in Japan has advanced in four stages. The first stage was the operation of a remote regional comprehensive medical information system from 1971 to 1997. The second stage was when telemedicine was officially institutionalized from 1997 to 2018. The third stage was the time of expansion of telemedicine, from the announcement of the “Guidelines for the Implementation of Proper Online Care” in 2018 to when online first-time examinations were temporarily allowed in 2020. The fourth stage began in 2021 when the “Permanent Establishment of Special Cases for Online Care” was announced, and telemedicine has been officially allowed to supplement face-to-face care. Telemedicine usage was estimated to be about 53.65 million in 2021, and the total number of treatments in Japan in 2021 was estimated to be about 1.32 billion, accounting for about 4.1% of medical care.Discussion and Conclusion: For the Korean government to establish telemedicine, it needs to be promoted step by step through discussions with the medical community. Also, an appropriate medical remuneration system needs to be prepared along with guidelines reflecting the opinions of the medical community to secure the safety of telemedicine.","PeriodicalId":17300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Medical Association","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75748752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.776
S. Kim
Background: Health promotion can be defined as a process that allows individuals to control and improve their health. However, the term health promotion is used narrowly, it focuses on healthy lifestyle changes and behavioral risk factors such as nutrition, exercise, and stress management. Health promotion involves not only medicine and health but also a wide range of related areas such as policies, finances, and climate change measures. Nonetheless the medical field continues to play a/the leading role in health promotion.Current Concepts: The Korean government’s comprehensive national health promotion plan has implemented mid-to long-term health promotion policies under the National Health Promotion Act. From 2002, this project establishes a new goal every 10 years and prepares a supplementary plan every five years. Another initiative is the community health survey by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, which has been conducted since 2007. This survey provides data on basic health behavior and status, including physical measurement, smoking, obesity, drinking, diet, medicine use, disease, vaccination, health knowledge, accidents, and visits to medical institutions. Research on health promotion in Korea is available from the KoreaMed database.Discussion and Conclusion: While Korea’s health promotion status has seen rapid improvement in the past, the degree of improvement has recently been marginal and risks stagnating, the degree of improvement has recently been marginal and risks stagnating and the role of medical professionals is an essential.
{"title":"Current status of health promotion in Korea","authors":"S. Kim","doi":"10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.776","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Health promotion can be defined as a process that allows individuals to control and improve their health. However, the term health promotion is used narrowly, it focuses on healthy lifestyle changes and behavioral risk factors such as nutrition, exercise, and stress management. Health promotion involves not only medicine and health but also a wide range of related areas such as policies, finances, and climate change measures. Nonetheless the medical field continues to play a/the leading role in health promotion.Current Concepts: The Korean government’s comprehensive national health promotion plan has implemented mid-to long-term health promotion policies under the National Health Promotion Act. From 2002, this project establishes a new goal every 10 years and prepares a supplementary plan every five years. Another initiative is the community health survey by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, which has been conducted since 2007. This survey provides data on basic health behavior and status, including physical measurement, smoking, obesity, drinking, diet, medicine use, disease, vaccination, health knowledge, accidents, and visits to medical institutions. Research on health promotion in Korea is available from the KoreaMed database.Discussion and Conclusion: While Korea’s health promotion status has seen rapid improvement in the past, the degree of improvement has recently been marginal and risks stagnating, the degree of improvement has recently been marginal and risks stagnating and the role of medical professionals is an essential.","PeriodicalId":17300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Medical Association","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79841065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.831
Hyun-Jin Lee
Background: Tinnitus is one of the most frequent symptoms seen in otology practice. The pathogenesis of tinnitus has not yet been clearly explained, and no single hypothesis or theory is sufficient to explain the mechanisms involved in the development of this condition. Tinnitus is most commonly treated using pharmacologic methods. The aim of this study is to summarize the drugs used for the treatment of tinnitus based on previous research.Current Concepts: Pharmacologic treatment of tinnitus depends on various mechanisms. Hyperactivity of the central auditory system, neurotransmitter imbalances in auditory pathways, and blood circulation may be involved. Symptoms such as anxiety, stress, sleep disturbance, and depression are also associated with tinnitus. Various medications have been used, including anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists, local anesthetics, ginkgo biloba extract, other pharmacologic agents, and nutritional supplements.Discussion and Conclusion: Although pharmacologic treatments are frequently used in primary care, no medication is specifically indicated for tinnitus. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms of tinnitus to ensure treatment safety. Appropriate medication may improve tinnitus, but efficacy is dependent upon patient comorbidities. To increase the success rate of pharmacologic treatment for tinnitus, both detailed history taking and physical examination are essential.
背景:耳鸣是耳科临床最常见的症状之一。耳鸣的发病机制尚未得到清楚的解释，没有单一的假设或理论足以解释这种情况发展的机制。耳鸣最常用的治疗方法是药物治疗。本研究的目的是在以往研究的基础上，对治疗耳鸣的药物进行总结。当前概念:耳鸣的药物治疗依赖于多种机制。中枢听觉系统亢进、听觉通路神经递质失衡和血液循环可能与此有关。焦虑、压力、睡眠障碍和抑郁等症状也与耳鸣有关。已经使用了各种药物，包括抗焦虑药、抗惊厥药、抗抑郁药、n -甲基- d -天冬氨酸拮抗剂、局部麻醉剂、银杏叶提取物、其他药物制剂和营养补充剂。讨论与结论:虽然在初级保健中经常使用药物治疗，但没有药物特别适用于耳鸣。需要进一步的研究来了解耳鸣的机制，以确保治疗的安全性。适当的药物治疗可以改善耳鸣，但疗效取决于患者的合并症。为了提高药物治疗耳鸣的成功率，详细的病史记录和体格检查是必不可少的。
{"title":"Pharmacologic treatment of tinnitus","authors":"Hyun-Jin Lee","doi":"10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2022.65.12.831","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tinnitus is one of the most frequent symptoms seen in otology practice. The pathogenesis of tinnitus has not yet been clearly explained, and no single hypothesis or theory is sufficient to explain the mechanisms involved in the development of this condition. Tinnitus is most commonly treated using pharmacologic methods. The aim of this study is to summarize the drugs used for the treatment of tinnitus based on previous research.Current Concepts: Pharmacologic treatment of tinnitus depends on various mechanisms. Hyperactivity of the central auditory system, neurotransmitter imbalances in auditory pathways, and blood circulation may be involved. Symptoms such as anxiety, stress, sleep disturbance, and depression are also associated with tinnitus. Various medications have been used, including anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists, local anesthetics, ginkgo biloba extract, other pharmacologic agents, and nutritional supplements.Discussion and Conclusion: Although pharmacologic treatments are frequently used in primary care, no medication is specifically indicated for tinnitus. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms of tinnitus to ensure treatment safety. Appropriate medication may improve tinnitus, but efficacy is dependent upon patient comorbidities. To increase the success rate of pharmacologic treatment for tinnitus, both detailed history taking and physical examination are essential.","PeriodicalId":17300,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Korean Medical Association","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83699494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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