Aural interactive Web sites are mainly (and in same cases exclusively) based upon "listening to", instead of "looking at". They are needed when users have visual impairments, or not much attention can be paid to a screen (possibly also a tiny one). Web sites, today, and even most mobile applications, use, above all, the "visual channel" to communicate content, navigation/interaction capabilities and "interface messages " (such as orientation, application structure, page structure, priorities of elements on the page, ...). However, requirements for aural Web sites, despite their relevance (e.g. W3C- WAI initiatives), are poorly addressed by current accessibility guidelines. Most of the focus, in fact, seem to lay upon basic accessibility issues (such as the fact that each image should have a semantically equivalent text), or about technicalities (such as how to avoid the use of tables for the pages layout). This paper discusses salient requirements for aural Web sites and their implications upon both the user experience and the Web sites evolution. The work is based upon basic (linguistic) research and upon real-life experience, in which Web sites for visually-impaired users and mobile scenarios have been designed and also experimented
{"title":"Requirements for Aural Web Sites","authors":"D. Bolchini, S. Colazzo, P. Paolini","doi":"10.1109/WSE.2006.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WSE.2006.17","url":null,"abstract":"Aural interactive Web sites are mainly (and in same cases exclusively) based upon \"listening to\", instead of \"looking at\". They are needed when users have visual impairments, or not much attention can be paid to a screen (possibly also a tiny one). Web sites, today, and even most mobile applications, use, above all, the \"visual channel\" to communicate content, navigation/interaction capabilities and \"interface messages \" (such as orientation, application structure, page structure, priorities of elements on the page, ...). However, requirements for aural Web sites, despite their relevance (e.g. W3C- WAI initiatives), are poorly addressed by current accessibility guidelines. Most of the focus, in fact, seem to lay upon basic accessibility issues (such as the fact that each image should have a semantically equivalent text), or about technicalities (such as how to avoid the use of tables for the pages layout). This paper discusses salient requirements for aural Web sites and their implications upon both the user experience and the Web sites evolution. The work is based upon basic (linguistic) research and upon real-life experience, in which Web sites for visually-impaired users and mobile scenarios have been designed and also experimented","PeriodicalId":174396,"journal":{"name":"2006 Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Web Site Evolution (WSE'06)","volume":"12 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132933911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For Web applications, determining how requests from a Web page are routed through server components can be time-consuming and error-prone due to the complex set of rules and mechanisms used in a platform such as J2EE. We define request routing to be the possible sequences of server-side components that handle requests. Many maintenance tasks require the developer to understand the request routing, so this complexity increases maintenance costs. However, viewing this problem at the architecture level provides some insight. The request routing in these Web applications is an example of a pipeline architectural pattern: each request is processed by a sequence of components that form a pipeline. Communication between pipeline stages is event-based, which increases flexibility but obscures the pipeline structure because communication is indirect. Our approach for improving the maintainability of J2EE Web applications is to provide a model that exposes this architectural information. We use Z to formally specify request routing models and analysis operations that can be performed on them, then provide tools to extract request routing information from an application's source code, create the request routing model, and analyze it automatically. We have applied this approach to a number of existing applications up to 34K LOC, showing improvement via typical maintenance scenarios. Since this particular combination of patterns is not unique to Web applications, a model such as our request routing model could provide similar benefits for these systems
{"title":"Modeling Request Routing in Web Applications","authors":"Minmin Han, C. Hofmeister","doi":"10.1109/WSE.2006.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WSE.2006.14","url":null,"abstract":"For Web applications, determining how requests from a Web page are routed through server components can be time-consuming and error-prone due to the complex set of rules and mechanisms used in a platform such as J2EE. We define request routing to be the possible sequences of server-side components that handle requests. Many maintenance tasks require the developer to understand the request routing, so this complexity increases maintenance costs. However, viewing this problem at the architecture level provides some insight. The request routing in these Web applications is an example of a pipeline architectural pattern: each request is processed by a sequence of components that form a pipeline. Communication between pipeline stages is event-based, which increases flexibility but obscures the pipeline structure because communication is indirect. Our approach for improving the maintainability of J2EE Web applications is to provide a model that exposes this architectural information. We use Z to formally specify request routing models and analysis operations that can be performed on them, then provide tools to extract request routing information from an application's source code, create the request routing model, and analyze it automatically. We have applied this approach to a number of existing applications up to 34K LOC, showing improvement via typical maintenance scenarios. Since this particular combination of patterns is not unique to Web applications, a model such as our request routing model could provide similar benefits for these systems","PeriodicalId":174396,"journal":{"name":"2006 Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Web Site Evolution (WSE'06)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129465315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exploiting user session data is a promising approach for testing a Web application. However, the effectiveness of user session testing techniques depends on the set of collected user session data: the wider this set, the greater the capability of the approach to detect failures, but the wider the user session data set, the greater the cost of collecting, analysing and storing data. In this paper, a technique for reducing a set of user sessions into an equivalent smaller one will be proposed. This technique allows equivalent user behaviours included in user sessions to be identified and classified, and produces a reduced set of user sessions that can be used to design test suites with a reduced effort. Some preliminary case studies were carried out to validate the proposed technique and to evaluate its effectiveness. Results of a case study will be presented in the paper
{"title":"A Technique for Reducing User Session Data Sets in Web Application Testing","authors":"G. D. Lucca, A. R. Fasolino, Porfirio Tramontana","doi":"10.1109/WSE.2006.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WSE.2006.1","url":null,"abstract":"Exploiting user session data is a promising approach for testing a Web application. However, the effectiveness of user session testing techniques depends on the set of collected user session data: the wider this set, the greater the capability of the approach to detect failures, but the wider the user session data set, the greater the cost of collecting, analysing and storing data. In this paper, a technique for reducing a set of user sessions into an equivalent smaller one will be proposed. This technique allows equivalent user behaviours included in user sessions to be identified and classified, and produces a reduced set of user sessions that can be used to design test suites with a reduced effort. Some preliminary case studies were carried out to validate the proposed technique and to evaluate its effectiveness. Results of a case study will be presented in the paper","PeriodicalId":174396,"journal":{"name":"2006 Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Web Site Evolution (WSE'06)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131642284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We propose an approach based on winner takes all, a competitive clustering algorithm, to support the comprehension of static and dynamic Web applications. The process first computes the distances between the Web pages and then identifies similar pages through the winner takes all clustering algorithm. Two different instances of the process are presented to identify similar pages at structural and content level, respectively. The first instance encodes the page structure into a string and then uses the Levenshtein algorithm to achieve the distances between pairs of pages. On the other hand, to group similar pages at content level we use the latent semantic indexing to produce the page representations as vectors in the concept space. The Euclidean distance is then computed between the vectors to achieve the distances between the pages to be given as input to the adopted clustering algorithm. A prototype to automate the identification of group of similar pages has been implemented. The approach and the prototype have been assessed in a case study
{"title":"Using a Competitive Clustering Algorithm to Comprehend Web Applications","authors":"A. D. Lucia, G. Scanniello, G. Tortora","doi":"10.1109/WSE.2006.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WSE.2006.19","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an approach based on winner takes all, a competitive clustering algorithm, to support the comprehension of static and dynamic Web applications. The process first computes the distances between the Web pages and then identifies similar pages through the winner takes all clustering algorithm. Two different instances of the process are presented to identify similar pages at structural and content level, respectively. The first instance encodes the page structure into a string and then uses the Levenshtein algorithm to achieve the distances between pairs of pages. On the other hand, to group similar pages at content level we use the latent semantic indexing to produce the page representations as vectors in the concept space. The Euclidean distance is then computed between the vectors to achieve the distances between the pages to be given as input to the adopted clustering algorithm. A prototype to automate the identification of group of similar pages has been implemented. The approach and the prototype have been assessed in a case study","PeriodicalId":174396,"journal":{"name":"2006 Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Web Site Evolution (WSE'06)","volume":"313 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122018446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two studies were conducted, focusing on the perceptions and current state of Web accessibility. It found a strong trend towards content management software, and considerable differences between how those who specialise in accessibility and those charged with Web maintenance assess and perceive accessibility. Both studies also revealed that there is very little awareness of Web accessibility issues and commitment of resources in many organisations. Recommendations are made for more training, especially for management
{"title":"What is the current state of Web Accessibility?","authors":"J. Bailey, E. Burd","doi":"10.1109/WSE.2006.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WSE.2006.23","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies were conducted, focusing on the perceptions and current state of Web accessibility. It found a strong trend towards content management software, and considerable differences between how those who specialise in accessibility and those charged with Web maintenance assess and perceive accessibility. Both studies also revealed that there is very little awareness of Web accessibility issues and commitment of resources in many organisations. Recommendations are made for more training, especially for management","PeriodicalId":174396,"journal":{"name":"2006 Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Web Site Evolution (WSE'06)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115001284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since its inception in 1999, a primary objective of the Web Site Evolution (WSE) series of events has been to foster the development, validation, and dissemination of best practice related to the disciplined evolution of largescale Web sites. Over time, the interpretation of "Web site" has expanded to encompass numerous aspects of Web site design, development, and deployment, including the mastery of the many rapidly changing underlying technologies that make modern Web sites so complex to engineer and so rich to experience.
{"title":"Research Directions in Web Site Evolution","authors":"S. Tilley","doi":"10.1109/WSE.2006.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WSE.2006.18","url":null,"abstract":"Since its inception in 1999, a primary objective of the Web Site Evolution (WSE) series of events has been to foster the development, validation, and dissemination of best practice related to the disciplined evolution of largescale Web sites. Over time, the interpretation of \"Web site\" has expanded to encompass numerous aspects of Web site design, development, and deployment, including the mastery of the many rapidly changing underlying technologies that make modern Web sites so complex to engineer and so rich to experience.","PeriodicalId":174396,"journal":{"name":"2006 Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Web Site Evolution (WSE'06)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116727530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Ricca, M. D. Penta, Marco Torchiano, P. Tonella, M. Ceccato
Comprehension of Web applications is a complex task, since several concerns co-exist in their implementation, among which the business logic, the navigation structure (as supported by hyperlinks and form submission), and persistent data storage. Design notations tailored for Web applications promise increased understandability and maintainability, thanks to the explicit representation of Web specific elements (such as hyperlinks and forms). In this paper, we report the results obtained from the execution of an empirical study involving comprehension tasks on two Web applications. Assuming the availability of the source code, two forms of design diagrams have been recovered from the code: standard UML diagrams and UML diagrams extended with Conallen's stereotypes. The research question addressed by this study is whether enriching standard UML diagrams with Web specific stereotypes gives any significant contribution to the under standability of the Web applications
{"title":"An empirical study on the usefulness of Conallen's stereotypes inWeb application comprehension","authors":"F. Ricca, M. D. Penta, Marco Torchiano, P. Tonella, M. Ceccato","doi":"10.1109/WSE.2006.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WSE.2006.3","url":null,"abstract":"Comprehension of Web applications is a complex task, since several concerns co-exist in their implementation, among which the business logic, the navigation structure (as supported by hyperlinks and form submission), and persistent data storage. Design notations tailored for Web applications promise increased understandability and maintainability, thanks to the explicit representation of Web specific elements (such as hyperlinks and forms). In this paper, we report the results obtained from the execution of an empirical study involving comprehension tasks on two Web applications. Assuming the availability of the source code, two forms of design diagrams have been recovered from the code: standard UML diagrams and UML diagrams extended with Conallen's stereotypes. The research question addressed by this study is whether enriching standard UML diagrams with Web specific stereotypes gives any significant contribution to the under standability of the Web applications","PeriodicalId":174396,"journal":{"name":"2006 Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Web Site Evolution (WSE'06)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127270919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Welcome to the Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Web Site Evolution, WSE 2006! Following the tradition of previous WSE events, this year's meeting is co-located with the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM), offering participants a successful formula of keynote addresses, technical presentations, and discussion forums. We have also extended the symposium this year two full days. We have also schedule more discussion time into the symposium including a panel and working session. This will allow the ideas raised in the papers to be explored by the attendees.
{"title":"Welcome from the symposium chairs","authors":"C. Boldyreff, Damiano Distante, S. Tilley","doi":"10.1109/WSE.2005.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WSE.2005.24","url":null,"abstract":"Welcome to the Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Web Site Evolution, WSE 2006! Following the tradition of previous WSE events, this year's meeting is co-located with the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM), offering participants a successful formula of keynote addresses, technical presentations, and discussion forums. We have also extended the symposium this year two full days. We have also schedule more discussion time into the symposium including a panel and working session. This will allow the ideas raised in the papers to be explored by the attendees.","PeriodicalId":174396,"journal":{"name":"2006 Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Web Site Evolution (WSE'06)","volume":"78 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129714040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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