Pub Date : 1990-04-29DOI: 10.1109/REPCON.1990.68519
S. Rastogi, G. Roulet, M. Ortbals
A total energy requirements model is suggested for the electric utility planning process. It requires very little data input and time, and can be developed on a personal computer with the help of an electronic spread-sheet and/or a statistical program. Input components used in determining the energy forecast for the suggested model include population, weather, income, and a major economic activity. This method has been tested on 20 rural electric cooperatives with satisfactory results.<>
{"title":"Total energy forecast model for rural distribution cooperatives","authors":"S. Rastogi, G. Roulet, M. Ortbals","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.1990.68519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.1990.68519","url":null,"abstract":"A total energy requirements model is suggested for the electric utility planning process. It requires very little data input and time, and can be developed on a personal computer with the help of an electronic spread-sheet and/or a statistical program. Input components used in determining the energy forecast for the suggested model include population, weather, income, and a major economic activity. This method has been tested on 20 rural electric cooperatives with satisfactory results.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174823,"journal":{"name":"34th Annual Conference on Rural Electric Power","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114215224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-04-29DOI: 10.1109/REPCON.1990.68531
T.W. Guttormson
A surger arrester and suspension insulator test program was implemented by the Anoka Electric Cooperative (AEC) in June of 1988 in order to isolate and remove from service any overhead surge arresters or suspension insulators that visually appear to be in good condition but are electrically defective and subject to potential failure. In this program, the arresters from suspension insulators that are removed from service due to line retirement or system modifications are tested for excessive leakage current and returned to service upon passing the test. A tabulation of outages directly attributed to insulator and arrester failures and the number of damaged suspension insulators found by routine line inspection and removed from service is given.<>
{"title":"Surge arrester and insulator electrical test program","authors":"T.W. Guttormson","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.1990.68531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.1990.68531","url":null,"abstract":"A surger arrester and suspension insulator test program was implemented by the Anoka Electric Cooperative (AEC) in June of 1988 in order to isolate and remove from service any overhead surge arresters or suspension insulators that visually appear to be in good condition but are electrically defective and subject to potential failure. In this program, the arresters from suspension insulators that are removed from service due to line retirement or system modifications are tested for excessive leakage current and returned to service upon passing the test. A tabulation of outages directly attributed to insulator and arrester failures and the number of damaged suspension insulators found by routine line inspection and removed from service is given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174823,"journal":{"name":"34th Annual Conference on Rural Electric Power","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124772177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-04-29DOI: 10.1109/REPCON.1990.68533
R. Bristol, G. Grenier
The REA (Rural Electrification Administration) is currently using AEIC qualification testing as the substantial criterion for a cable manufacturer to receive approval of 15 kV and 25 kV cable designs. Through the utilization of existing industry standards, REA borrowers should be assured of cables of higher quality than those historically purchased. While higher approval standards should lead to increased cable life in general, each user has many cable decisions to make in order to select the approved cable that will best meet their needs. The authors propose a procedure to evaluate the available design and material alternatives. This procedure reveals that cable performance is more than just a function of the insulation material and indicates that a cable designed to accommodate projected field conditions can significantly improve both cable performance and economies. Cable design is shown to include the effect different material combinations can have on performance. It is concluded that an expanded evaluation and analysis of available test results by utilities should be a viable means of initiating continuous improvement in medium-voltage URD cables.<>
{"title":"5-35 kV medium voltage URD: state-of-the-art material evaluations using AEIC CS 5/6-87 qualification testing","authors":"R. Bristol, G. Grenier","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.1990.68533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.1990.68533","url":null,"abstract":"The REA (Rural Electrification Administration) is currently using AEIC qualification testing as the substantial criterion for a cable manufacturer to receive approval of 15 kV and 25 kV cable designs. Through the utilization of existing industry standards, REA borrowers should be assured of cables of higher quality than those historically purchased. While higher approval standards should lead to increased cable life in general, each user has many cable decisions to make in order to select the approved cable that will best meet their needs. The authors propose a procedure to evaluate the available design and material alternatives. This procedure reveals that cable performance is more than just a function of the insulation material and indicates that a cable designed to accommodate projected field conditions can significantly improve both cable performance and economies. Cable design is shown to include the effect different material combinations can have on performance. It is concluded that an expanded evaluation and analysis of available test results by utilities should be a viable means of initiating continuous improvement in medium-voltage URD cables.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174823,"journal":{"name":"34th Annual Conference on Rural Electric Power","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128400368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-04-29DOI: 10.1109/REPCON.1990.68520
M. Jenner, F. Brockhurst
The authors describe the use of solid-state controlled, vacuum-switched shunt capacitors to reduce the effects of simultaneously starting two 175 HP induction motors at the end of a rural 12.47 kV distribution line. A rather severe voltage flicker on the 12.47 kV feeder was caused by a 350 HP mining machine. The flicker was reduced to a tolerable level by installing shunt capacitors that are switched on the system in response to the current drawn by the mining machine. The scheme achieved approximately 50% reduction in flicker magnitude and significantly reduced the time of the voltage depression. The system has been in operation for one year with no maintenance problems. A complete analysis and computer simulation of the system is also presented. Verification of system operation prior to, and after, capacitor installation is provided by actual waveshapes from a computerized data acquisition system. The capacitor switching hardware is fully described.<>
{"title":"Vacuum switched capacitors to reduce induction motor caused voltage flicker on a 12.47 kV rural distribution line","authors":"M. Jenner, F. Brockhurst","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.1990.68520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.1990.68520","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe the use of solid-state controlled, vacuum-switched shunt capacitors to reduce the effects of simultaneously starting two 175 HP induction motors at the end of a rural 12.47 kV distribution line. A rather severe voltage flicker on the 12.47 kV feeder was caused by a 350 HP mining machine. The flicker was reduced to a tolerable level by installing shunt capacitors that are switched on the system in response to the current drawn by the mining machine. The scheme achieved approximately 50% reduction in flicker magnitude and significantly reduced the time of the voltage depression. The system has been in operation for one year with no maintenance problems. A complete analysis and computer simulation of the system is also presented. Verification of system operation prior to, and after, capacitor installation is provided by actual waveshapes from a computerized data acquisition system. The capacitor switching hardware is fully described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174823,"journal":{"name":"34th Annual Conference on Rural Electric Power","volume":"6411 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126408000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-04-29DOI: 10.1109/REPCON.1990.68526
J. Althouse, T. Surbrook
The equipotential plane is a widely used means for reducing the level of neutral-to-earth voltage in dairy cow contact areas. The authors examine the voltage gradient in the earth adjacent to equipotential planes and show the gradient alterations caused by different modifications. Step potentials for a dairy cow are defined, and a 1.0 V step potential is recommended for design purposes. The most effective means of controlling voltage gradients near an equipotential plane uses bare copper conductors in the earth extending radially out from the plane, with the conductor depth increasing with distance from the plane.<>
{"title":"Voltage gradient modifications near equipotential planes","authors":"J. Althouse, T. Surbrook","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.1990.68526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.1990.68526","url":null,"abstract":"The equipotential plane is a widely used means for reducing the level of neutral-to-earth voltage in dairy cow contact areas. The authors examine the voltage gradient in the earth adjacent to equipotential planes and show the gradient alterations caused by different modifications. Step potentials for a dairy cow are defined, and a 1.0 V step potential is recommended for design purposes. The most effective means of controlling voltage gradients near an equipotential plane uses bare copper conductors in the earth extending radially out from the plane, with the conductor depth increasing with distance from the plane.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174823,"journal":{"name":"34th Annual Conference on Rural Electric Power","volume":"483 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115320544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/REPCON.1990.68527
D. E. Schump
Several field test procedures that can be used as part of a motor maintenance program are discussed, and failure mechanisms in motor insulation systems are considered. It is suggested that motor windings fail due to a few simple mechanisms. The magnetic forces which turn the rotor also cause motion in the windings. The motion causes wear between the wires, abrading the insulations. The thin turn-to-turn insulation is least able to sustain this wear; thus turn-to-turn shorting often occurs before the thicker ground wall insulation is affected. If turn-to-turn shorting is a major factor in causing motor winding failure, it stands to reason that a test for impaired turn insulation is a good periodic test for motors. The surge test has been used for a generation as a quality control tool in motor manufacturing plants. Development of portable field test instruments has allowed the test to be adopted as a tool which can be incorporated in plant maintenance programs. Experimental and practical test data have shown this conclusion to be accurate.<>
{"title":"Testing to assure reliable operation of electric motors","authors":"D. E. Schump","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.1990.68527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.1990.68527","url":null,"abstract":"Several field test procedures that can be used as part of a motor maintenance program are discussed, and failure mechanisms in motor insulation systems are considered. It is suggested that motor windings fail due to a few simple mechanisms. The magnetic forces which turn the rotor also cause motion in the windings. The motion causes wear between the wires, abrading the insulations. The thin turn-to-turn insulation is least able to sustain this wear; thus turn-to-turn shorting often occurs before the thicker ground wall insulation is affected. If turn-to-turn shorting is a major factor in causing motor winding failure, it stands to reason that a test for impaired turn insulation is a good periodic test for motors. The surge test has been used for a generation as a quality control tool in motor manufacturing plants. Development of portable field test instruments has allowed the test to be adopted as a tool which can be incorporated in plant maintenance programs. Experimental and practical test data have shown this conclusion to be accurate.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174823,"journal":{"name":"34th Annual Conference on Rural Electric Power","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129402700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/REPCON.1990.68525
D. Koval, J. Leonard, Z. J. Licsko
A detailed statistical analysis and discussion of the quality of power monitored at two farm sites in the Province of Alberta, Canada, are presented. The origins, causes, and types of power system disturbances and their unique patterns of occurrence at each site are presented and discussed in detail. An existing methodology to assess the possible impact on the life and performance of electrical and electronic equipment subjected to the power supply anomalies monitored at each site is presented and illustrated. The power profile of each site was superimposed onto the CBEMA (Computer Business Equipment Manufacturers' Association) curves which characterize regions of trouble-free computer operation and regions of problematic operation and possible equipment damage. The method illustrated enables an assessment of the probable operation of newly introduced sensitive controls and computer equipment into an existing rural electrical environment.<>
{"title":"Rural power quality","authors":"D. Koval, J. Leonard, Z. J. Licsko","doi":"10.1109/REPCON.1990.68525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/REPCON.1990.68525","url":null,"abstract":"A detailed statistical analysis and discussion of the quality of power monitored at two farm sites in the Province of Alberta, Canada, are presented. The origins, causes, and types of power system disturbances and their unique patterns of occurrence at each site are presented and discussed in detail. An existing methodology to assess the possible impact on the life and performance of electrical and electronic equipment subjected to the power supply anomalies monitored at each site is presented and illustrated. The power profile of each site was superimposed onto the CBEMA (Computer Business Equipment Manufacturers' Association) curves which characterize regions of trouble-free computer operation and regions of problematic operation and possible equipment damage. The method illustrated enables an assessment of the probable operation of newly introduced sensitive controls and computer equipment into an existing rural electrical environment.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174823,"journal":{"name":"34th Annual Conference on Rural Electric Power","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134332818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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