Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.4102/JSAVA.V851I1.1062
B. Mushonga, Mark Nanyingi, Joseph Rukelibuga, Gervais Habarugira
Despite the significant public health burden of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Rwanda, the prevalence of bTB is poorly documented. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of bTB in cattle using gross examination of granulomatous lesions, to identify mycobacteria species in suspected samples, and to evaluate the economic impact of meat condemnation based on bTB-like lesions in the meat industry in Rwanda. Routine meat inspection was conducted at Societe d'Abattoir de Nyabugogo (SABAN)-Nyabugogo Abattoir. Tissue samples including 31 lymph nodes, 3 lungs and 2 livers were obtained from cattle of different ages with gross tuberculous lesions. Mycobacterium bovis was identified using microscopy with Kinyoun staining and isolation of mycobacterial species in culture on Lowenstein-Jensen and Colestos media, further identified using biochemical tests. Our findings, based on culture and postmortem results, show that the prevalence of bTB is 0.5% (0.587*148/16753), with an overall gross tuberculous lesion prevalence of 0.9% (148/16753). The presence of lesions were higher in cattle aged 2 years and older (1.6% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.05) and higher in females than in males (1.4% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.05). Of the 36 samples tested, 26 (72.2%) were positive by microscopic examination with Kinyoun staining while M. bovis was culture-confirmed in 21 (58.7%) cases. Bovine tuberculosis caused condemnation of 1683.5 kg of meat, resulting in an estimated loss of $4810. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of bTB in Rwanda is significant, and that bTB is a major cause of meat condemnation requiring continued implementation of surveillance and control measures. Furthermore, the results from this study also show important variations in sensitivity of the different tests that were used to determine the prevalence of bTB in cattle in Rwanda.
{"title":"Bovine tuberculosis in Rwanda : prevalence and economic impact evaluation by meat inspection at Societe d'Abattoir de Nyabugogo-Nyabugogo Abattoir, Kigali : original research","authors":"B. Mushonga, Mark Nanyingi, Joseph Rukelibuga, Gervais Habarugira","doi":"10.4102/JSAVA.V851I1.1062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JSAVA.V851I1.1062","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the significant public health burden of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Rwanda, the prevalence of bTB is poorly documented. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of bTB in cattle using gross examination of granulomatous lesions, to identify mycobacteria species in suspected samples, and to evaluate the economic impact of meat condemnation based on bTB-like lesions in the meat industry in Rwanda. Routine meat inspection was conducted at Societe d'Abattoir de Nyabugogo (SABAN)-Nyabugogo Abattoir. Tissue samples including 31 lymph nodes, 3 lungs and 2 livers were obtained from cattle of different ages with gross tuberculous lesions. Mycobacterium bovis was identified using microscopy with Kinyoun staining and isolation of mycobacterial species in culture on Lowenstein-Jensen and Colestos media, further identified using biochemical tests. Our findings, based on culture and postmortem results, show that the prevalence of bTB is 0.5% (0.587*148/16753), with an overall gross tuberculous lesion prevalence of 0.9% (148/16753). The presence of lesions were higher in cattle aged 2 years and older (1.6% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.05) and higher in females than in males (1.4% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.05). Of the 36 samples tested, 26 (72.2%) were positive by microscopic examination with Kinyoun staining while M. bovis was culture-confirmed in 21 (58.7%) cases. Bovine tuberculosis caused condemnation of 1683.5 kg of meat, resulting in an estimated loss of $4810. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of bTB in Rwanda is significant, and that bTB is a major cause of meat condemnation requiring continued implementation of surveillance and control measures. Furthermore, the results from this study also show important variations in sensitivity of the different tests that were used to determine the prevalence of bTB in cattle in Rwanda.","PeriodicalId":17573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Veterinary Association-tydskrif Van Die Suid-afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76139750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How to cite this book review: Rubio-Martinez, L.M., 2012, ‘Review of the newly released book entitled “Equine Pediatric Medicine”’, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 83(1), Art. #737, 1 pages. http:// dx.doi.org/10.4102/jsava. v83i1.737
{"title":"Review of the newly released book entitled ‘Equine Pediatric Medicine’","authors":"L. Rubio‐Martínez","doi":"10.4102/JSAVA.V83I1.737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JSAVA.V83I1.737","url":null,"abstract":"How to cite this book review: Rubio-Martinez, L.M., 2012, ‘Review of the newly released book entitled “Equine Pediatric Medicine”’, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 83(1), Art. #737, 1 pages. http:// dx.doi.org/10.4102/jsava. v83i1.737","PeriodicalId":17573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Veterinary Association-tydskrif Van Die Suid-afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90330084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How to cite this book review: Van Vollenhoven, E., 2012, ‘Horses: Unique senses – unique behaviour’, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 83(1), Art. #510, 1 page. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.4102/jsava.v83i1.510
{"title":"Horses: Unique senses - unique behaviour","authors":"Elize van Vollenhoven","doi":"10.4102/JSAVA.V83I1.510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JSAVA.V83I1.510","url":null,"abstract":"How to cite this book review: Van Vollenhoven, E., 2012, ‘Horses: Unique senses – unique behaviour’, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 83(1), Art. #510, 1 page. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.4102/jsava.v83i1.510","PeriodicalId":17573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Veterinary Association-tydskrif Van Die Suid-afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86510032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How to cite this book review: Meyer, R.B., 2012, ‘Review of Acupuncture for Dogs and Cats’, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 83(1), Art. #20, 1 page. http://dx.doi. org/10.4102/jsava.v83i1.20
{"title":"Review of Acupuncture for Dogs and Cats","authors":"R. B. Meyer","doi":"10.4102/JSAVA.V83I1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JSAVA.V83I1.20","url":null,"abstract":"How to cite this book review: Meyer, R.B., 2012, ‘Review of Acupuncture for Dogs and Cats’, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 83(1), Art. #20, 1 page. http://dx.doi. org/10.4102/jsava.v83i1.20","PeriodicalId":17573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Veterinary Association-tydskrif Van Die Suid-afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76518676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The second extended edition of Bovine Anatomy has just been released. It describes, in detail, the normal anatomy and clinical-functional anatomy of bovines and makes use of text and a large number of excellent colour illustrations. This book is divided into five sections, namely, topographic anatomy, anatomical aspects of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), special anatomy (in tabular form), clinical-functional anatomy and applied anatomy of the carcass.
{"title":"Review of Bovine Anatomy","authors":"H. Groenewald","doi":"10.4102/JSAVA.V83I1.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JSAVA.V83I1.70","url":null,"abstract":"The second extended edition of Bovine Anatomy has just been released. It describes, in detail, the normal anatomy and clinical-functional anatomy of bovines and makes use of text and a large number of excellent colour illustrations. This book is divided into five sections, namely, topographic anatomy, anatomical aspects of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), special anatomy (in tabular form), clinical-functional anatomy and applied anatomy of the carcass.","PeriodicalId":17573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Veterinary Association-tydskrif Van Die Suid-afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78416074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous contributors have combined their expertise to produce a textbook encompassing a comprehensive range of topics in equine medicine, surgery and reproduction. As the editors have so aptly stated in their preface, it is virtually impossible to include all aspects of equine practice into a single volume. However, they should be commended on their efforts - this is a textbook that can be used daily in general equine practice, whether hospital-based or ambulatory.
{"title":"A reference handbook for daily use in equine practice","authors":"M. Saulez","doi":"10.4102/JSAVA.V83I1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JSAVA.V83I1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous contributors have combined their expertise to produce a textbook encompassing a comprehensive range of topics in equine medicine, surgery and reproduction. As the editors have so aptly stated in their preface, it is virtually impossible to include all aspects of equine practice into a single volume. However, they should be commended on their efforts - this is a textbook that can be used daily in general equine practice, whether hospital-based or ambulatory.","PeriodicalId":17573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Veterinary Association-tydskrif Van Die Suid-afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74616336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Originally published in 2000, this 7th impression is testimony to the ongoing relevance of a classical reference 11 years after its original publication. The book is authored by Jean-Marie Denoix who is well known in South Africa, having been the main speaker at an annual SAEVA congress. He is internationally recognised as a leading equine anatomist and diagnostic imager.
{"title":"The Equine Distal Limb. An Atlas of Clinical Anatomy and Comparative Imaging (7th impression), J-M. Denoix : book review","authors":"R. Gottschalk","doi":"10.4102/JSAVA.V82I4.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JSAVA.V82I4.86","url":null,"abstract":"Originally published in 2000, this 7th impression is testimony to the ongoing relevance of a classical reference 11 years after its original publication. The book is authored by Jean-Marie Denoix who is well known in South Africa, having been the main speaker at an annual SAEVA congress. He is internationally recognised as a leading equine anatomist and diagnostic imager.","PeriodicalId":17573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Veterinary Association-tydskrif Van Die Suid-afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89642742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Freeman, I. Bečvářová, N. Cave, C. Mackay, P. Nguyen, Betina Rama, G. Takashima, Ross Tiffin, P. Beukelen, S. Yathiraj
Careful assessment of nutritional needs of dogs and cats must be taken into consideration in order to maintain optimum health, be part of a treatment regimen for a diseased state, or to maximise the quality of life in all animals. Therefore, the goal of these WSAVA Guidelines is that a nutritional assessment and specific nutritional recommendation be made on every patient on every visit. This will become known as the 5th Vital Assessment (5VA), following the four vital assessments of temperature, pulse, respiration and pain that are already addressed on each patient interaction. Routinely doing a brief screening evaluation of the nutritional status during history taking and the physical examination can be seamlessly performed as part of every patient exam. Nutrition-related risk factors that can be easily identified from the history and physical examination include age (growing or old), suboptimal body condition score (overweight or thin), muscle loss, atypical or homemade diet, medical conditions, or changes in appetite. An extended evaluation would follow, if one or more risk factors is identified on screening. These guidelines provide criteria to evaluate the animal and the diet, as well as key feeding and environmental factors. In addition, recommendations for interpretation, analysis, and action are included so that a plan for optimising the animal's nutritional status can be instituted. Client compliance with nutritional recommendations requires input from the veterinarian, veterinary technicians/nurses, and the hospital staff. A team approach to continuous nutritional education, implementation of appropriate protocols, and focused client communication, utilising these WSAVA Nutritional Guidelines, are key components to reach this 5VA goal.
{"title":"2011 Nutritional Assessment Guidelines : information","authors":"L. Freeman, I. Bečvářová, N. Cave, C. Mackay, P. Nguyen, Betina Rama, G. Takashima, Ross Tiffin, P. Beukelen, S. Yathiraj","doi":"10.4102/JSAVA.V82I4.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JSAVA.V82I4.84","url":null,"abstract":"Careful assessment of nutritional needs of dogs and cats must be taken into consideration in order to maintain optimum health, be part of a treatment regimen for a diseased state, or to maximise the quality of life in all animals. Therefore, the goal of these WSAVA Guidelines is that a nutritional assessment and specific nutritional recommendation be made on every patient on every visit. This will become known as the 5th Vital Assessment (5VA), following the four vital assessments of temperature, pulse, respiration and pain that are already addressed on each patient interaction. Routinely doing a brief screening evaluation of the nutritional status during history taking and the physical examination can be seamlessly performed as part of every patient exam. Nutrition-related risk factors that can be easily identified from the history and physical examination include age (growing or old), suboptimal body condition score (overweight or thin), muscle loss, atypical or homemade diet, medical conditions, or changes in appetite. An extended evaluation would follow, if one or more risk factors is identified on screening. These guidelines provide criteria to evaluate the animal and the diet, as well as key feeding and environmental factors. In addition, recommendations for interpretation, analysis, and action are included so that a plan for optimising the animal's nutritional status can be instituted. Client compliance with nutritional recommendations requires input from the veterinarian, veterinary technicians/nurses, and the hospital staff. A team approach to continuous nutritional education, implementation of appropriate protocols, and focused client communication, utilising these WSAVA Nutritional Guidelines, are key components to reach this 5VA goal.","PeriodicalId":17573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Veterinary Association-tydskrif Van Die Suid-afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86366356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This DVD is the first in a series on bird care aimed at the serious bird owner. It brings together practical and current information on the housing and feeding of pet parrots, as well as information on recognizing signs of illness in pet birds, and discusses common household toxins.
{"title":"Expert Companion Bird Care Series: Volume I","authors":"W. V. Wyk","doi":"10.4102/JSAVA.V82I1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JSAVA.V82I1.36","url":null,"abstract":"This DVD is the first in a series on bird care aimed at the serious bird owner. It brings together practical and current information on the housing and feeding of pet parrots, as well as information on recognizing signs of illness in pet birds, and discusses common household toxins.","PeriodicalId":17573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Veterinary Association-tydskrif Van Die Suid-afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73588258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Piroplasm parasites of white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) in the Kruger National Park, and their relation to anaemia, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 82 (1) 2011 : pp. 36-40 : erratum
{"title":"Piroplasm parasites of white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) in the Kruger National Park, and their relation to anaemia, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 82 (1) 2011 : pp. 36-40 : erratum","authors":"D. Govender, M. C. Oosthuisen, B. Penzhorn","doi":"10.4102/JSAVA.V82I2.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JSAVA.V82I2.60","url":null,"abstract":"Piroplasm parasites of white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) in the Kruger National Park, and their relation to anaemia, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 82 (1) 2011 : pp. 36-40 : erratum","PeriodicalId":17573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The South African Veterinary Association-tydskrif Van Die Suid-afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81441172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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