Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation最新文献

We examined the liver mineral concentrations of semi-wild cattle breeds (Highland, Galloway, Rode Geus) grazing in natural or near-natural flood-prone areas in the Netherlands. These breeds are employed as part of trophic rewilding initiatives aimed at maintaining biodiverse ecosystems through natural grazing patterns. Our primary goal was to derive RIs for liver mineral concentrations for these cattle populations. We collected and analyzed liver samples from 96 cattle from 14 sites in the Netherlands and used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure concentrations of trace elements and heavy metals, including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, vanadium, and zinc. The statistical analysis included Pearson product moment correlations and k-means clustering to evaluate patterns within the data. The highest significant correlations were between liver cadmium concentrations and animal age, and between liver copper and selenium concentrations. Breed-related differences were found for liver cadmium and molybdenum concentrations, but we could not isolate breed-differences in forage selection from environmental variables such as soil composition. Liver copper levels in many animals were below thresholds typically used to indicate copper deficiency in farmed cattle.

An 8-mo-old Mastiff-cross dog with bone pain and lytic-proliferative lesions in the radius, ulna, femur, vertebral spinous processes, and ribs, was diagnosed with lymphoma. The dog also had anemia and thrombocytopenia, and atypical circulating lymphocytes were identified as B cells by flow cytometry. Due to the multicentric, rapidly progressive disease, the dog was euthanized. Postmortem examination confirmed extensive bone replacement by lymphoma, and infiltration of lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. Histomorphology and immunohistochemistry showed a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that was immunopositive for PAX5 and CD20, and immunonegative for CD3. Lymphoma of bone is rare in dogs and humans, and is most frequently reported in pediatric individuals. Including our case, 7 of 14 reported cases occurred in dogs <2-y-old, and all but 1 had polyostotic disease. Long bones, ribs, and vertebrae were affected most often, and the distal metaphyseal region was targeted in long bones. Visceral and nodal tissue infiltration was common, and all tumors had a diffuse architecture. Most dogs with polyostotic lymphoma were euthanized at the time of diagnosis, and survival was <6 wk in dogs that were treated with chemotherapy or surgery.

Gibber Italicus, song thrush (Turdus philomelus), and redwing (Turdus iliacus) are 3 bird species in which sexual dimorphism is not readily apparent. Therefore, molecular sexing is a valuable tool for breeding, selection, and conservation purposes. We compared DNA extraction by commercial kit and an alkaline method from feathers, then developed a molecular method for sexing these species using the P2/P8 and CHD1F/CHD1R primer pairs. Both protocols were successful in extracting DNA; the alkaline method is more cost-effective, whereas the commercial kit protocol is easier to standardize. All DNA samples were successfully amplified using both the P2/P8 and CHD1F/1R primer pairs. The use of the CHD1F/1R primer pair is notably advantageous as it produces fragments of different lengths of the sex chromosomes, making them easily distinguishable via electrophoresis. The sequence analysis of the amplicons obtained with the CHD1F/1R primer pair revealed specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms for song thrush and redwing, which could be used as markers to differentiate between the 2 species if required.

A subcutaneous tumor was identified in the lateral neck of a wild adult serotine bat (Eptesicus serotinus). Histologic examination revealed a non-encapsulated, poorly demarcated, densely cellular and infiltrative round-cell neoplasm, with cytonuclear atypia and a high mitotic count. Neoplastic cells had numerous Giemsa-positive metachromatic intracytoplasmic granules leading to a diagnosis of subcutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated positive staining for KIT with a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern, confirming the mastocytic origin. The tumor had histologic features suggestive of malignant behavior, which was confirmed by the metastatic mast cells in the regional lymph node adjacent to the tumor. MCT has not been reported previously in a chiropteran species, to our knowledge. Based on this case, MCTs in this species have malignant potential, and their diagnosis may require additional stains and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Our results support further investigation regarding the utility and prognostic value of KIT IHC in bats in this context.

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) are prevalent pathogens that are economically important to the global swine industry. We investigated the prevalence of PCV2 and PCV3 in eastern Serbia by analyzing 166 wild boar samples with a real-time PCR assay. The cumulative prevalence of PCV2 and PCV3 was 72.7%, with true prevalence estimates of 59.2% for PCV2, 49.0% for PCV3, and 31.0% for coinfection. We found higher prevalence of PCV2 and PCV3 in the Južnobanatski district compared to previous reports, likely due to differences in detection methods and the inclusion of liver samples. Backyard farms, with free-ranging animals and natural breeding, dominate eastern Serbia, facilitating frequent interactions between wild and domestic pigs. The overlap between backyard and commercial farming practices, along with high wild boar densities and cross-border movements, likely facilitate viral transmission. These conditions, coupled with inadequate biosecurity measures, such as swill feeding and improper disposal of offal, amplify the risk for viral dissemination, with significant implications for spillover into domestic pig populations. Enhanced biosecurity and monitoring strategies are crucial to mitigate the risk of pathogen transmission between wild and domestic pig populations.

A 17-wk-old male Rottweiler puppy was found dead 2 d after being presented with coughing and lethargy. Gross and histopathologic findings were consistent with fibrinosuppurative bronchopneumonia, and Pasteurella canis was isolated on culture of the lung. Mycoplasma cynos was identified by PCR testing of the lung in this case and may have contributed to the development of the pneumonia. P. canis is not a commonly recognized cause of canine bronchopneumonia but likely has a role in the canine respiratory disease complex. P canis is a known cause of pneumonia in other species with similar histologic findings, including humans.

Congenital neoplasms are rare and sporadic in cattle and can cause losses due to abortions and perinatal or neonatal deaths. The etiopathogenesis of congenital tumors in bovine fetuses and neonates is largely unknown, and their diagnosis is often challenging. Here we review the literature on congenital tumors in cattle and report 11 additional cases diagnosed at veterinary diagnostic laboratories in Argentina, Uruguay, the United States, and the United Kingdom, namely 4 congenital lymphomas, 3 mesotheliomas, 2 adenomatoid tumors, 1 lymphangioma, and 1 ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor in bovine fetuses and/or neonatal calves. Lymphomas, mesotheliomas, melanomas, and mast cell tumors were reported most commonly in the literature.

Abortion in small ruminants poses a significant economic threat and can have zoonotic risk. Although the association between yersiniosis and reproductive complications is known, systematic studies and case series on abortion in sheep and goats are scarce. Here we describe epidemiologic and pathologic findings in 34 cases of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis- and Y. enterocolitica-associated abortions in sheep and goats, contributing to the understanding of these zoonotic diseases in California. We conducted a 22-y retrospective study to examine microbiologic and pathologic findings in abortion submissions, as well as the geographic and seasonal distribution of the analyzed cases. Yersiniosis-induced abortion was diagnosed in 22 goats and 12 sheep, with all abortions occurring in the last third of gestation. Samples from lung, liver, placenta, and abomasal contents were submitted for aerobic culture; the highest recovery of Yersinia spp. was from abomasal contents. Microscopically, there was severe necrotizing and suppurative inflammation in the lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and, when present, the placenta, with intralesional bacterial colonies. All cases were received from northern and central California in the winter and spring. Our study provides epidemiologic and pathologic features of Yersinia spp.-induced abortions in small ruminants and provides critical data to pave the way for future research, surveillance, and preventive strategies.

A 2-d-old Warmblood colt was submitted for autopsy with a spectrum of bilateral ocular abnormalities. At postmortem examination, a constellation of lesions within the anterior segment included retention of ectodermal elements, compatible with choristoma. Ocular choristomas can be localized to different intraocular structures and are rare in equids. The morphologic features in our case were suggestive of abnormal corneal differentiation.

A captive, 5-y-old, female, Indian blue peafowl (Pavo cristatus) was submitted for postmortem examination and diagnostic work-up following 24 h of open-mouth breathing, lethargy, and drooping of wings. Grossly, the trachea was diffusely, dorsoventrally flattened with irregular walls and significant narrowing of the lumen. There was no evidence of trauma in the surrounding skin, subcutaneous tissue, or esophagus. Microscopically, tracheal cartilage was diffusely replaced by immature bone tissue with wide medullary cavities containing thin, immature, and disorganized trabeculae covered by abundant osteoclasts. The proximal tibiotarsus and femur were osteopenic, with thin compact cortical bone, multifocally distended osteonic canals, and increased osteoclastic activity and fibrosis on endosteal surfaces of affected trabeculae. Concurrent tracheal collapse and osteopenia have not been reported previously in an Indian blue peafowl, to our knowledge.