Mahdi Asadpour, Mario Burger, Fabian Schuiki, K. Hummel
Micro aerial vehicles may build a collective of smart sensor objects cooperating in civilian missions such as search and rescue, farmland monitoring, or surveillance. Wireless connectivity is a prerequisite for transferring images and other sensor data to the ground. Though aerial vehicles may set up a multi-hop wireless network on their own, vehicle movement causes frequent changes of the wireless signal quality and intermittent connectivity, which poses challenges to end-to-end data delivery and renders traditional routing approaches impractical. We address this problem by including delay-tolerant packet forwarding. Further, we make forwarding mission-aware, i.e., aware of future positions and connection opportunities derived from the waypoints of the MAVs' mission. The resulting path options for packet forwarding open a vast search space. We present a solution to find a path efficiently based on the $A^*$ search algorithm. We study the performance of our mission-aware algorithm compared to a delay-tolerant variant of geographic routing in simulation and in a testbed of quadcopters with IEEE 802.11n aerial links. Our first results reveal that for simple scenarios, the benefit of mission-aware forwarding is limited, yet, in more sophisticated scenarios, mission-aware forwarding can alleviate inefficient forwarding and improve performance.
微型飞行器可以建立一个智能传感器物体的集合，在民用任务中合作，如搜索和救援，农田监测或监视。无线连接是将图像和其他传感器数据传输到地面的先决条件。虽然飞行器可以自行建立多跳无线网络，但飞行器的移动会导致无线信号质量的频繁变化和间歇性连接，这给端到端数据传输带来了挑战，使传统的路由方法变得不切实际。我们通过包含容忍延迟的数据包转发来解决这个问题。此外，我们使转发任务感知，即意识到未来的位置和连接机会衍生自mav的任务的航路点。由此产生的数据包转发路径选项打开了一个巨大的搜索空间。提出了一种基于$ a ^*$搜索算法的高效寻径方案。我们研究了我们的任务感知算法的性能，并将其与具有IEEE 802.11n空中链路的四轴飞行器的模拟和地理路由的延迟容忍变体进行了比较。我们的第一个结果表明，对于简单的场景，任务感知转发的好处是有限的，然而，在更复杂的场景中，任务感知转发可以缓解低效的转发并提高性能。
{"title":"Needle in a Haystack: Limiting the Search Space in Mission-aware Packet Forwarding for Drones","authors":"Mahdi Asadpour, Mario Burger, Fabian Schuiki, K. Hummel","doi":"10.1145/2797044.2797057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2797044.2797057","url":null,"abstract":"Micro aerial vehicles may build a collective of smart sensor objects cooperating in civilian missions such as search and rescue, farmland monitoring, or surveillance. Wireless connectivity is a prerequisite for transferring images and other sensor data to the ground. Though aerial vehicles may set up a multi-hop wireless network on their own, vehicle movement causes frequent changes of the wireless signal quality and intermittent connectivity, which poses challenges to end-to-end data delivery and renders traditional routing approaches impractical. We address this problem by including delay-tolerant packet forwarding. Further, we make forwarding mission-aware, i.e., aware of future positions and connection opportunities derived from the waypoints of the MAVs' mission. The resulting path options for packet forwarding open a vast search space. We present a solution to find a path efficiently based on the $A^*$ search algorithm. We study the performance of our mission-aware algorithm compared to a delay-tolerant variant of geographic routing in simulation and in a testbed of quadcopters with IEEE 802.11n aerial links. Our first results reveal that for simple scenarios, the benefit of mission-aware forwarding is limited, yet, in more sophisticated scenarios, mission-aware forwarding can alleviate inefficient forwarding and improve performance.","PeriodicalId":176345,"journal":{"name":"SmartObjects '15","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132595110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In traditional access control systems, a process is granted or not the access to a resource following a control on a single action without taking into consideration user and/or system context. In this paper we introduce a novel concept and a generalized version of context-aware access control in the Internet of Things that we name Activity Control. Our approach is aimed to be aware of the user's context and the overall system's one to make decision on granting or denying the requested action. To implement our concept we used a finite-state machine and the asymmetric encryption mechanism called Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption to achieve a real-time access policy adaptation following user's and/or system's context evolution.
{"title":"Poster: Activity-Based Access Control for IoT","authors":"Lyes Touati, Y. Challal","doi":"10.1145/2797044.2797052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2797044.2797052","url":null,"abstract":"In traditional access control systems, a process is granted or not the access to a resource following a control on a single action without taking into consideration user and/or system context. In this paper we introduce a novel concept and a generalized version of context-aware access control in the Internet of Things that we name Activity Control. Our approach is aimed to be aware of the user's context and the overall system's one to make decision on granting or denying the requested action. To implement our concept we used a finite-state machine and the asymmetric encryption mechanism called Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption to achieve a real-time access policy adaptation following user's and/or system's context evolution.","PeriodicalId":176345,"journal":{"name":"SmartObjects '15","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123401274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to the paradigm of Internet of Mobile Things, the paper proposes and investigates a novel framework to support the management and the collaboration of Mobile Smart Objects (MSOs) considered as terrestrial and aerial drones (i.e., UAVs, UGVs) with embedded sensors and/or actuators that can move autonomously remaining always connected, accessible and controllable. The proposed framework allows (i) the network setup and maintenance of smart drones (ii) the mission assignment to a group of smart drones, (iii) the task/role assignment to the different drones involved into a particular mission and (iv) the task/role rearrangement according to specific executive parameters and system conditions (i.e., residual energy, computational power, abilities offered by specific on board sensors). To evaluate the effectiveness and the reliability of the proposed framework, a real testbed was realized using drones commonly available on the market.
{"title":"Management and Coordination Framework for Aerial-Terrestrial Smart Drone Networks","authors":"P. Pace, G. Aloi, Giuseppe Caliciuri, G. Fortino","doi":"10.1145/2797044.2797047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2797044.2797047","url":null,"abstract":"According to the paradigm of Internet of Mobile Things, the paper proposes and investigates a novel framework to support the management and the collaboration of Mobile Smart Objects (MSOs) considered as terrestrial and aerial drones (i.e., UAVs, UGVs) with embedded sensors and/or actuators that can move autonomously remaining always connected, accessible and controllable. The proposed framework allows (i) the network setup and maintenance of smart drones (ii) the mission assignment to a group of smart drones, (iii) the task/role assignment to the different drones involved into a particular mission and (iv) the task/role rearrangement according to specific executive parameters and system conditions (i.e., residual energy, computational power, abilities offered by specific on board sensors). To evaluate the effectiveness and the reliability of the proposed framework, a real testbed was realized using drones commonly available on the market.","PeriodicalId":176345,"journal":{"name":"SmartObjects '15","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130184185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Belli, S. Cirani, Andrea Gorrieri, Marco Picone
The broad adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) is linked to the possibility to discover and interact easily with objects in the surroundings of users. Because of their characteristics and large diffusion, mobile devices are perfect to connect the IoT and common people. In order to accomplish the challenging task of enabling seamless interaction between users and smart objects, in this paper, we propose a lightweight, standard and REST compliant mechanism for the generation of user interfaces (UIs) on mobile devices driven by smart objects. This approach is expedient for a number of reasons: i) end-users are no longer required to download and use custom mobile vendor-provided apps to interact with smart objects; ii) smart objects can actually drive the interaction by letting mobile devices generate the correct UI for the intended interplay; iii) UIs can be dynamically changed over time without requiring any software update by the user. A suitable lightweight UI description format is presented, together with an implementation for Android devices. An evaluation of the proposed approach has also been conducted in order to prove its feasibility and ease of use.
{"title":"A Novel Smart Object-Driven UI Generation Approach for Mobile Devices in the Internet of Things","authors":"Laura Belli, S. Cirani, Andrea Gorrieri, Marco Picone","doi":"10.1145/2797044.2797046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2797044.2797046","url":null,"abstract":"The broad adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) is linked to the possibility to discover and interact easily with objects in the surroundings of users. Because of their characteristics and large diffusion, mobile devices are perfect to connect the IoT and common people. In order to accomplish the challenging task of enabling seamless interaction between users and smart objects, in this paper, we propose a lightweight, standard and REST compliant mechanism for the generation of user interfaces (UIs) on mobile devices driven by smart objects. This approach is expedient for a number of reasons: i) end-users are no longer required to download and use custom mobile vendor-provided apps to interact with smart objects; ii) smart objects can actually drive the interaction by letting mobile devices generate the correct UI for the intended interplay; iii) UIs can be dynamically changed over time without requiring any software update by the user. A suitable lightweight UI description format is presented, together with an implementation for Android devices. An evaluation of the proposed approach has also been conducted in order to prove its feasibility and ease of use.","PeriodicalId":176345,"journal":{"name":"SmartObjects '15","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122688848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we proposed an Adaptive Return-to-Home Sensing (ARS) algorithm for a drone sensing system deployed in an open area with missions to conduct periodic environmental sensing. ARS scheme is able to conduct as many rounds of environmental sensing without drastic oscillation between consecutive sensing attempts while reserve sufficient energy for the drone to fly back home. We evaluate the ARS scheme under environmental difficulties. The results demonstrate the proposed scheme can conduct as many rounds of environmental sensing as possible without drastic oscillation while preserve enough energy for the done to return home.
{"title":"Adaptive Drone Sensing with Always Return-To-Home Guaranteed","authors":"Yu-Te Huang, Yao-Hua Ho, Hao-Hua Chu, Ling-Jyh Chen","doi":"10.1145/2797044.2797054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2797044.2797054","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we proposed an Adaptive Return-to-Home Sensing (ARS) algorithm for a drone sensing system deployed in an open area with missions to conduct periodic environmental sensing. ARS scheme is able to conduct as many rounds of environmental sensing without drastic oscillation between consecutive sensing attempts while reserve sufficient energy for the drone to fly back home. We evaluate the ARS scheme under environmental difficulties. The results demonstrate the proposed scheme can conduct as many rounds of environmental sensing as possible without drastic oscillation while preserve enough energy for the done to return home.","PeriodicalId":176345,"journal":{"name":"SmartObjects '15","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123992923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work explores the possibility of transferring data between mobile devices that are nearby each other without the need of pairing, authentication, superuser access and Internet connectivity. Such technology can be used for emergency broadcast, traffic congestion avoidance, IoT, smart city, social and dating systems and games. Except Bluetooth Low Energy technology, there is no other protocol or technology available that allows pairing-free data transfer without Internet connectivity. Bluetooth Low Energy is capable of doing so but at a relatively short range. Using Wi-Fi Direct's Service Broadcast and Discovery, a simple yet novel method is developed which allows for seamless long range (Wi-Fi range) data transfer without Internet connectivity.
{"title":"mumble: Framework for Seamless Message Transfer on Smartphones","authors":"A. Bhojan, G. Tan","doi":"10.1145/2797044.2797048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2797044.2797048","url":null,"abstract":"This work explores the possibility of transferring data between mobile devices that are nearby each other without the need of pairing, authentication, superuser access and Internet connectivity. Such technology can be used for emergency broadcast, traffic congestion avoidance, IoT, smart city, social and dating systems and games. Except Bluetooth Low Energy technology, there is no other protocol or technology available that allows pairing-free data transfer without Internet connectivity. Bluetooth Low Energy is capable of doing so but at a relatively short range. Using Wi-Fi Direct's Service Broadcast and Discovery, a simple yet novel method is developed which allows for seamless long range (Wi-Fi range) data transfer without Internet connectivity.","PeriodicalId":176345,"journal":{"name":"SmartObjects '15","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123339627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a wireless personal area network technology designed to provide low-power connectivity to smartphones and wearable devices. To transmit bidirectional data, devices must first discover each other and then start a pairing process. Usually, the pairing process requires manual intervention that might result in undesirable user experiences. If security and privacy requirements allow, communication sessions could be limited to the advertisement channels only, without pairing the devices. Further, the use of only advertisement channels without pairing devices enables scenarios in which different radio systems can also join the communication. For example, the nRF24L01+ radio system can be programmed to communicate using the advertisement channels defined by BLE. This is relevant because the nRF24L01+ radio system is a popular technology for the Internet-of-Things and for location-based services with wearable devices in smart cities. This paper evaluates a two-way communication protocol between the nRF24L01+ and BLE devices, using only advertisement frames. We show a practical protocol implementation and use an experimental testbed to evaluate its performance. The evaluation shows that it is possible to build a simple and reliable communication protocol that works in both directions.
{"title":"Two-Way Communication Protocol using Bluetooth Low Energy Advertisement Frames","authors":"Giorgio Corbellini, Stefan Schmid, S. Mangold","doi":"10.1145/2797044.2797049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2797044.2797049","url":null,"abstract":"Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a wireless personal area network technology designed to provide low-power connectivity to smartphones and wearable devices. To transmit bidirectional data, devices must first discover each other and then start a pairing process. Usually, the pairing process requires manual intervention that might result in undesirable user experiences. If security and privacy requirements allow, communication sessions could be limited to the advertisement channels only, without pairing the devices. Further, the use of only advertisement channels without pairing devices enables scenarios in which different radio systems can also join the communication. For example, the nRF24L01+ radio system can be programmed to communicate using the advertisement channels defined by BLE. This is relevant because the nRF24L01+ radio system is a popular technology for the Internet-of-Things and for location-based services with wearable devices in smart cities. This paper evaluates a two-way communication protocol between the nRF24L01+ and BLE devices, using only advertisement frames. We show a practical protocol implementation and use an experimental testbed to evaluate its performance. The evaluation shows that it is possible to build a simple and reliable communication protocol that works in both directions.","PeriodicalId":176345,"journal":{"name":"SmartObjects '15","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125786720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iván Santos-González, P. Caballero-Gil, Alexandra Rivero-García, C. Hernández-Goya
This work describes a new alternative to solve the problem of indoor location for vehicles in places such as underground or indoor car parks in malls, where the use of GPS devices is either impossible or not precise enough. The new proposal is based on different methods that provide useful information about the location of the vehicle in this type of places. Moreover, the use of Bluetooth technology and QR codes is proposed to solve this problem through mobile phones or smartphones whose use has been spread in the last years. In particular, an Android application has been implemented to show the applicability of the proposed solution. Besides, thanks to the use of a web application that is synchronized with the mobile application, all the information about occupied and free parking spaces is automatically synchronized, what is very useful both for managers and for users of the car park. The results of the implementation are promising.
{"title":"Poster: Indoor Location System for Vehicles","authors":"Iván Santos-González, P. Caballero-Gil, Alexandra Rivero-García, C. Hernández-Goya","doi":"10.1145/2797044.2797053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2797044.2797053","url":null,"abstract":"This work describes a new alternative to solve the problem of indoor location for vehicles in places such as underground or indoor car parks in malls, where the use of GPS devices is either impossible or not precise enough. The new proposal is based on different methods that provide useful information about the location of the vehicle in this type of places. Moreover, the use of Bluetooth technology and QR codes is proposed to solve this problem through mobile phones or smartphones whose use has been spread in the last years. In particular, an Android application has been implemented to show the applicability of the proposed solution. Besides, thanks to the use of a web application that is synchronized with the mobile application, all the information about occupied and free parking spaces is automatically synchronized, what is very useful both for managers and for users of the car park. The results of the implementation are promising.","PeriodicalId":176345,"journal":{"name":"SmartObjects '15","volume":"70 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131748952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maotian Zhang, Panlong Yang, Chang Tian, Lei Shi, Shaojie Tang, Fu Xiao
Interacting with explosively growing mobile devices is becoming imperative. This paper presents SoundWrite, a mobile acoustic sensing system that enables text input into commercial off-the-shelf devices without any accessories. SoundWrite leverages the embedded microphone to capture subtle audio signals emitted from writing text on common found surfaces (eg., a wood table). It then extracts distinguishable features from both time and frequency information of received signals to recognize the text. We prototype SoundWrite on Smartphones as an Android application, and perform in-depth evaluation. The evaluation results validate the effectiveness and robustness of SoundWrite, and demonstrate that it could achieve an average recognition accuracy of above 90%.
{"title":"SoundWrite: Text Input on Surfaces through Mobile Acoustic Sensing","authors":"Maotian Zhang, Panlong Yang, Chang Tian, Lei Shi, Shaojie Tang, Fu Xiao","doi":"10.1145/2797044.2797045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2797044.2797045","url":null,"abstract":"Interacting with explosively growing mobile devices is becoming imperative. This paper presents SoundWrite, a mobile acoustic sensing system that enables text input into commercial off-the-shelf devices without any accessories. SoundWrite leverages the embedded microphone to capture subtle audio signals emitted from writing text on common found surfaces (eg., a wood table). It then extracts distinguishable features from both time and frequency information of received signals to recognize the text. We prototype SoundWrite on Smartphones as an Android application, and perform in-depth evaluation. The evaluation results validate the effectiveness and robustness of SoundWrite, and demonstrate that it could achieve an average recognition accuracy of above 90%.","PeriodicalId":176345,"journal":{"name":"SmartObjects '15","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127289228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ju Wang, Binbin Xie, Dingyi Fang, Xiaojiang Chen, Chen Liu, Tianzhang Xing, Weike Nie
The device-free localization (DFL), i.e., localizing target without requiring target attached any devices, is attractive. Current localization methods, however, query a significant degree of pre-deployment effort, such as the transceivers' locations, the transmission power, which cost huge human effort. In this paper, we present Alico, an accurate and low human cost DFL method that does not require any pre-deployment effort, such as building the detailed fingerprints or requiring the prior knowledge of deployment. The key intuition is that (i) the distorted wireless links caused by the target, even the many from unknown locations, are constrained the presence of the target; (ii) with the increase of the number of unknown targets and transceivers, the constraints grows in a quadratic fashion, while the unknown locations of targets and transceivers grows linearly. This suggests that given enough measurements, there will be eventually enough constraints to make the every target uniquely localizable. Alico leverages these constraints and model them as a set of equations. By using a hybrid gradient descent and genetic algorithms, Alico can solve the equations and estimate the target locations accurately based just on the Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurements. Despite the absence of any explicit pre-deployment calibration effort, Alico achieves the 60th and 80th percentile errors of 1m and 1.4m in real-world experiments, respectively, which is better than the three state-of-the-art algorithms.
{"title":"Accurate Device-Free Localization with Little Human Cost","authors":"Ju Wang, Binbin Xie, Dingyi Fang, Xiaojiang Chen, Chen Liu, Tianzhang Xing, Weike Nie","doi":"10.1145/2797044.2797050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2797044.2797050","url":null,"abstract":"The device-free localization (DFL), i.e., localizing target without requiring target attached any devices, is attractive. Current localization methods, however, query a significant degree of pre-deployment effort, such as the transceivers' locations, the transmission power, which cost huge human effort. In this paper, we present Alico, an accurate and low human cost DFL method that does not require any pre-deployment effort, such as building the detailed fingerprints or requiring the prior knowledge of deployment. The key intuition is that (i) the distorted wireless links caused by the target, even the many from unknown locations, are constrained the presence of the target; (ii) with the increase of the number of unknown targets and transceivers, the constraints grows in a quadratic fashion, while the unknown locations of targets and transceivers grows linearly. This suggests that given enough measurements, there will be eventually enough constraints to make the every target uniquely localizable. Alico leverages these constraints and model them as a set of equations. By using a hybrid gradient descent and genetic algorithms, Alico can solve the equations and estimate the target locations accurately based just on the Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurements. Despite the absence of any explicit pre-deployment calibration effort, Alico achieves the 60th and 80th percentile errors of 1m and 1.4m in real-world experiments, respectively, which is better than the three state-of-the-art algorithms.","PeriodicalId":176345,"journal":{"name":"SmartObjects '15","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131277279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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