Sukarman Sukarman, Triyono Triyono, Budi Kristiawan, Amir Amir, Nazar Fazrin, Ade Suhara, Renata Lintang Azizah, Fajar Mucharom
Resistance spot welding (RSW) is being applied extensively in different industries, specifically the automotive sector. Therefore, this study was conducted to optimize the tensile strength load (TSL) in RSW by investigating the application of dissimilar materials as input parameters. The optimization process involved the combination of different galvanized and non-galvanized steel materials. The production of car bodies using galvanized steel with approximately 13.0 microns thick zinc (Zn) coating was found to be a standard practice, but this zinc layer usually presents challenges due to the poor weldability. This study prepared 27 units of TSL samples using a spot-welding machine and a pressure force system (PFS) for the electrode tip. The aim was to determine the optimal TSL through the exploration of specified RSW parameters. The process focused on using the response surface methodology (RSM) to achieve the desired outcome while the Box-Behnken design was applied to determine the input parameters. The optimal TSL obtained was 5265.15 N by setting the squeeze time to 21.0 cycles at a welding current of 24.5 kA, a welding time of 0.5 s, and a holding time of 15.0 cycles. The highest TSL value recorded was 5937.94 N at 21.0 cycles, 27.0 kA, 0.6 s, and 15.0 cycles respectively. These findings were considered significant to the enhancement of productivity across industries, specifically in the RSW process. However, further study was required to investigate additional response variables such as the changes in hardness and microstructure.
{"title":"Tensile shear load in resistance spot welding of dissimilar metals: An optimization study using response surface methodology","authors":"Sukarman Sukarman, Triyono Triyono, Budi Kristiawan, Amir Amir, Nazar Fazrin, Ade Suhara, Renata Lintang Azizah, Fajar Mucharom","doi":"10.31603/mesi.9606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.9606","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance spot welding (RSW) is being applied extensively in different industries, specifically the automotive sector. Therefore, this study was conducted to optimize the tensile strength load (TSL) in RSW by investigating the application of dissimilar materials as input parameters. The optimization process involved the combination of different galvanized and non-galvanized steel materials. The production of car bodies using galvanized steel with approximately 13.0 microns thick zinc (Zn) coating was found to be a standard practice, but this zinc layer usually presents challenges due to the poor weldability. This study prepared 27 units of TSL samples using a spot-welding machine and a pressure force system (PFS) for the electrode tip. The aim was to determine the optimal TSL through the exploration of specified RSW parameters. The process focused on using the response surface methodology (RSM) to achieve the desired outcome while the Box-Behnken design was applied to determine the input parameters. The optimal TSL obtained was 5265.15 N by setting the squeeze time to 21.0 cycles at a welding current of 24.5 kA, a welding time of 0.5 s, and a holding time of 15.0 cycles. The highest TSL value recorded was 5937.94 N at 21.0 cycles, 27.0 kA, 0.6 s, and 15.0 cycles respectively. These findings were considered significant to the enhancement of productivity across industries, specifically in the RSW process. However, further study was required to investigate additional response variables such as the changes in hardness and microstructure.","PeriodicalId":177693,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136027100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sunaryo Sunaryo, Sutoyo Sutoyo, Suyitno Suyitno, Zainal Arifin, Thomas Kivevele, Artur I. Petrov
Pyrolysis has been proven as a method to reduce plastic waste and produce useful products, especially liquid fuels. However, plastic pyrolysis also produces gases and char as by-products which are being investigated for useful products. Therefore, our present study aims to investigate the char characteristics of plastic pyrolysis for further use as briquettes. Seven samples of char by-products from the pyrolysis process of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic at various reaction temperatures and catalyst types were studied. The proximate test is used to determine the properties of char such as moisture content, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon while the bomb calorimeter is used to determine the calorific value. Briquettes are formed by mixing 4 grams of char and 0.5-1 gram of binder (1% starch and 90% water). The briquettes were formed into solid cylinders with a diameter of 1.75 cm and formed with a pressure of 10 kg/cm2. Furthermore, the impact resistance index (IRI) was used to test the performance of the briquettes and showed an IRI value between 100 and 200. However, of the seven char samples tested, three of them were impossible to process into briquettes because they melted during the combustion test.
{"title":"Characteristics of briquettes from plastic pyrolysis by-products","authors":"Sunaryo Sunaryo, Sutoyo Sutoyo, Suyitno Suyitno, Zainal Arifin, Thomas Kivevele, Artur I. Petrov","doi":"10.31603/mesi.9114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.9114","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrolysis has been proven as a method to reduce plastic waste and produce useful products, especially liquid fuels. However, plastic pyrolysis also produces gases and char as by-products which are being investigated for useful products. Therefore, our present study aims to investigate the char characteristics of plastic pyrolysis for further use as briquettes. Seven samples of char by-products from the pyrolysis process of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic at various reaction temperatures and catalyst types were studied. The proximate test is used to determine the properties of char such as moisture content, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon while the bomb calorimeter is used to determine the calorific value. Briquettes are formed by mixing 4 grams of char and 0.5-1 gram of binder (1% starch and 90% water). The briquettes were formed into solid cylinders with a diameter of 1.75 cm and formed with a pressure of 10 kg/cm2. Furthermore, the impact resistance index (IRI) was used to test the performance of the briquettes and showed an IRI value between 100 and 200. However, of the seven char samples tested, three of them were impossible to process into briquettes because they melted during the combustion test.","PeriodicalId":177693,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135493070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susilawati Susilawati, A. Nugraha, A. Buchori, Slamet Rahayu, F. Fathurohman, O. Yudiyanto
This study aims to design and test an automatic fish feeder (AFF) controlled by a microcontroller with an electricity supply from a solar cell. To build a reliable and accurate system, input data is collected for design, followed by system development, feasibility analysis, and performance testing. The test results show that AFF works according to the settings of the microcontroller, where the servo motor can open and close the feed channel periodically, three times a day. The feeding schedule is set at 07.00, 12.00, and 16.00. In addition, fundamental indicators including feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency (FE) are showing positive results. Through the application of AFF which replaces manual feeding, the FCR is obtained at 1.15 from the initial value of 1.44. Meanwhile, FE increased from 69.4% to 86.8%. Technically, AFF is suitable for use by tilapia and carp farmers.
{"title":"Design and implementation of automatic fish feeder (AFF) using microcontroller powered by solar cell: A Contribution to the fish farmers","authors":"Susilawati Susilawati, A. Nugraha, A. Buchori, Slamet Rahayu, F. Fathurohman, O. Yudiyanto","doi":"10.31603/mesi.8276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.8276","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to design and test an automatic fish feeder (AFF) controlled by a microcontroller with an electricity supply from a solar cell. To build a reliable and accurate system, input data is collected for design, followed by system development, feasibility analysis, and performance testing. The test results show that AFF works according to the settings of the microcontroller, where the servo motor can open and close the feed channel periodically, three times a day. The feeding schedule is set at 07.00, 12.00, and 16.00. In addition, fundamental indicators including feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency (FE) are showing positive results. Through the application of AFF which replaces manual feeding, the FCR is obtained at 1.15 from the initial value of 1.44. Meanwhile, FE increased from 69.4% to 86.8%. Technically, AFF is suitable for use by tilapia and carp farmers.","PeriodicalId":177693,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115793523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As of today, only a few people know about carbon black. Their knowledge and understanding are also limited to the fact that carbon is charcoal from coconut shells or black activated carbon. In addition, some people only know carbon as carbon copy and ink material. On the other hand, there is another type of carbon that comes from oil content and can be used for various industrial purposes. This carbon is produced and used with advanced and modern technology, which is called carbon black. Currently, by looking at the market signal, carbon black has become a very profitable commodity. Carbon black industries develop systems and technologies to produce the best quality with minimized environmental effects. In fact, because of the promising price and high market demand, carbon black factories invest in advanced production equipment. In its development, through continuous research and by utilizing advances in industrial technology, currently, carbon black can be added to various materials to improve the physical, electrical, or optical properties of the material.
{"title":"Carbon black: Production, properties, and utilization","authors":"Mohamad Agus Ramly, M. Setiyo","doi":"10.31603/mesi.8821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.8821","url":null,"abstract":"As of today, only a few people know about carbon black. Their knowledge and understanding are also limited to the fact that carbon is charcoal from coconut shells or black activated carbon. In addition, some people only know carbon as carbon copy and ink material. On the other hand, there is another type of carbon that comes from oil content and can be used for various industrial purposes. This carbon is produced and used with advanced and modern technology, which is called carbon black. Currently, by looking at the market signal, carbon black has become a very profitable commodity. Carbon black industries develop systems and technologies to produce the best quality with minimized environmental effects. In fact, because of the promising price and high market demand, carbon black factories invest in advanced production equipment. In its development, through continuous research and by utilizing advances in industrial technology, currently, carbon black can be added to various materials to improve the physical, electrical, or optical properties of the material.","PeriodicalId":177693,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121913601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bukola Olalekan Bolaji, Deborah Olufunke Bolaji, S. T. Amosun
Air-conditioning and refrigeration systems are electrical appliances that use a huge amount of energy and contribute indirectly to global warming. Also, R410A which was initially developed as a substitute for ozone-depleting refrigerants in the air-conditioning systems has been phase-out due to its high global warming potential (GWP) and the resulting harmful effect on the climate. In addition to the issue of refrigerant high GWP, energy consumption is a significant issue. The energy efficiency of new refrigerants must then be considered in the search for alternative refrigerants to ensure that they do not lead to an increase in greenhouse gas generation at the power source. Therefore, this paper investigates the energy and cooling performance of four new multi-components and ecologically friendly refrigerant blends that contained carbon dioxide and hydrofluoroolefins in their compositions as substitutes for R410A in air-conditioning systems. Relevant thermodynamic equations and REFPROP software were employed for the computational analysis. The results indicated that the new blends (R445A, R455A, R470B and R470A) exhibited a desirable low compression ratio and high heat transfer for cooling applications. The blends also exhibited low compressor energy input and low specific cooling energy. R455A has an average coefficient of performance (COP) of 24.6% above that of the reference refrigerant (R410A). The cooling capacity per unit volume for R470B, R455A and R470A across a temperature range of 253 to 293 K are higher by 1.3, 6.0, and 12.6%, respectively than that of R410A. Generally, among all the four new substitute blends, the overall assessment revealed R455A as the best replacement for R410A in air-conditioning systems due to its superior performance in terms of its low compression ratio, compressor energy and specific cooling energy. R455A also has the highest COP and relatively high cooling capacity per unit volume.
{"title":"Energy and cooling performance of carbon-dioxide and hydrofluoroolefins blends as eco-friendly substitutes for R410A in air-conditioning systems","authors":"Bukola Olalekan Bolaji, Deborah Olufunke Bolaji, S. T. Amosun","doi":"10.31603/mesi.8591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.8591","url":null,"abstract":"Air-conditioning and refrigeration systems are electrical appliances that use a huge amount of energy and contribute indirectly to global warming. Also, R410A which was initially developed as a substitute for ozone-depleting refrigerants in the air-conditioning systems has been phase-out due to its high global warming potential (GWP) and the resulting harmful effect on the climate. In addition to the issue of refrigerant high GWP, energy consumption is a significant issue. The energy efficiency of new refrigerants must then be considered in the search for alternative refrigerants to ensure that they do not lead to an increase in greenhouse gas generation at the power source. Therefore, this paper investigates the energy and cooling performance of four new multi-components and ecologically friendly refrigerant blends that contained carbon dioxide and hydrofluoroolefins in their compositions as substitutes for R410A in air-conditioning systems. Relevant thermodynamic equations and REFPROP software were employed for the computational analysis. The results indicated that the new blends (R445A, R455A, R470B and R470A) exhibited a desirable low compression ratio and high heat transfer for cooling applications. The blends also exhibited low compressor energy input and low specific cooling energy. R455A has an average coefficient of performance (COP) of 24.6% above that of the reference refrigerant (R410A). The cooling capacity per unit volume for R470B, R455A and R470A across a temperature range of 253 to 293 K are higher by 1.3, 6.0, and 12.6%, respectively than that of R410A. Generally, among all the four new substitute blends, the overall assessment revealed R455A as the best replacement for R410A in air-conditioning systems due to its superior performance in terms of its low compression ratio, compressor energy and specific cooling energy. R455A also has the highest COP and relatively high cooling capacity per unit volume.","PeriodicalId":177693,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127850882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ibham Veza, I. Setiawan, L. Firman, Handi Handi, Ayu Amanah, M. T. Kurnia, P. A. Paristiawan, M. Idris, A. Sule, A. C. Opia
Conventional gasoline engines suffer from low performance and NOx emissions. Controlled auto-ignition (CAI), sometimes referred to as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), is a promising concept to solve such problems. CAI has the potential to improve spark ignition (SI) engine fuel economy while at the same time solving the trade-off of NOx-soot emissions found in compression ignition (CI) engines. The CAI engine can reach a fuel economy comparable to that of a conventional diesel engine with ultra-low NOx and negligible soot emissions. However, controlling auto-ignition remains the biggest difficulty that hinders the implementation of CAI as a commercial engine. Research towards a cleaner and more efficient engine is driven by the progressively stringent emission regulation imposed worldwide. Therefore, the CAI was developed to meet the emissions target while maintaining engine performance. CAI works on the principle of lean mixture and auto-ignition. To obtain CAI combustion, the temperatures in the cylinder must be sufficient to initiate auto-ignition. Without the use of a spark plug or injector, the CAI suffers from a direct control mechanism to start the combustion. The most practical approach to controlling the initiation of auto-ignition in CAI is diluting the intake charge by either trapping the residual gas or recirculating the exhaust gas. Both approaches enable the engine to achieve CAI combustion without requiring significant modifications to control the onset of CAI combustion phase.
{"title":"Strategies to achieve controlled auto-ignition (CAI) combustion: A review","authors":"Ibham Veza, I. Setiawan, L. Firman, Handi Handi, Ayu Amanah, M. T. Kurnia, P. A. Paristiawan, M. Idris, A. Sule, A. C. Opia","doi":"10.31603/mesi.7568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.7568","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional gasoline engines suffer from low performance and NOx emissions. Controlled auto-ignition (CAI), sometimes referred to as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), is a promising concept to solve such problems. CAI has the potential to improve spark ignition (SI) engine fuel economy while at the same time solving the trade-off of NOx-soot emissions found in compression ignition (CI) engines. The CAI engine can reach a fuel economy comparable to that of a conventional diesel engine with ultra-low NOx and negligible soot emissions. However, controlling auto-ignition remains the biggest difficulty that hinders the implementation of CAI as a commercial engine. Research towards a cleaner and more efficient engine is driven by the progressively stringent emission regulation imposed worldwide. Therefore, the CAI was developed to meet the emissions target while maintaining engine performance. CAI works on the principle of lean mixture and auto-ignition. To obtain CAI combustion, the temperatures in the cylinder must be sufficient to initiate auto-ignition. Without the use of a spark plug or injector, the CAI suffers from a direct control mechanism to start the combustion. The most practical approach to controlling the initiation of auto-ignition in CAI is diluting the intake charge by either trapping the residual gas or recirculating the exhaust gas. Both approaches enable the engine to achieve CAI combustion without requiring significant modifications to control the onset of CAI combustion phase.","PeriodicalId":177693,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127376393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ever-increasing demand for independent mobility has escalated vehicle production across the globe. However, very less focus is given to drivers who are physically impaired or have a driving disability. Thus, the primary purpose of this research is to design a low-cost infrared sensor-based remote-operated driving system for people with lower body disabilities and leg impairment. The presented design is based on an Arduino UNO microcontroller that is programmed and coupled to an infrared sensor to press and release the brake and acceleration pedals, which can be hand-controlled by the disabled driver. Two TB6600 microstepping drivers and NEMA-23 stepper motors have been externally powered using a Volta 12V lead-acid maintenance-free battery at 2.5 amperes with a peak current of 2.7A, and 200 steps/rev. for maximum output torque. An LED and alarm have been placed on the dashboard for an emergency alert or system failure. Additionally, brake and acceleration pedals have been tied to a monofilament cord, which further connects the motor shafts to assist pedalling operation and allows the driver to control the brake and acceleration pedals through an IR remote. The findings comprise two models: theoretical and actual. Results show that theoretical braking time is around 0.7s while actual braking time is found as 0.6s, which shows a good agreement.
{"title":"Infrared sensor-based remote controlled driving system for people with lower body disability and leg impairment","authors":"M. Arsalan, F. Akbar","doi":"10.31603/mesi.7871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.7871","url":null,"abstract":"The ever-increasing demand for independent mobility has escalated vehicle production across the globe. However, very less focus is given to drivers who are physically impaired or have a driving disability. Thus, the primary purpose of this research is to design a low-cost infrared sensor-based remote-operated driving system for people with lower body disabilities and leg impairment. The presented design is based on an Arduino UNO microcontroller that is programmed and coupled to an infrared sensor to press and release the brake and acceleration pedals, which can be hand-controlled by the disabled driver. Two TB6600 microstepping drivers and NEMA-23 stepper motors have been externally powered using a Volta 12V lead-acid maintenance-free battery at 2.5 amperes with a peak current of 2.7A, and 200 steps/rev. for maximum output torque. An LED and alarm have been placed on the dashboard for an emergency alert or system failure. Additionally, brake and acceleration pedals have been tied to a monofilament cord, which further connects the motor shafts to assist pedalling operation and allows the driver to control the brake and acceleration pedals through an IR remote. The findings comprise two models: theoretical and actual. Results show that theoretical braking time is around 0.7s while actual braking time is found as 0.6s, which shows a good agreement.","PeriodicalId":177693,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125761814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Amosun, S. O. Hammed, Antônio Marcos Gonçalves De Lima, Ilham Habibi
Quenching is a swift way of returning metal back to ambient temperature in order to acquire a certain property. Although it is often used to enhance the hardness of metals and their micro-structure, it equally causes a serious variation in the mechanical and physical properties of the metals. This research focuses on quenching media's effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a 150mm x 80mm x 8mm welded mild steel plate through microscopic examination, metallography mounting, surface grinding, and surface polishing. Microstructural analysis with hardness and impact test was carried out on the steel plate using water, air, and oil as the quenching media. The results of the test show the Vickers Pyramid Number (HV) for water, oil, and air to be 284.2, 270.9, and 262.2 HV for the base metal, heat affected zone (HAZ), and weld metal (WM), respectively. The amount of energy absorbed by the three specimens during fracture is 23.12, 25.27, and 26.83 J, respectively. The test further indicates that the water-quenched media exhibited mostly martensitic structures and held back austenite with many structures of cementite while the oil and air media exhibited martensite phase and refined grains structures individually. It is therefore concluded that air is more suitable to cool the weld metal for damping applications in engineering.
{"title":"Effect of quenching media on mechanical properties of welded mild steel plate","authors":"T. Amosun, S. O. Hammed, Antônio Marcos Gonçalves De Lima, Ilham Habibi","doi":"10.31603/mesi.7121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.7121","url":null,"abstract":"Quenching is a swift way of returning metal back to ambient temperature in order to acquire a certain property. Although it is often used to enhance the hardness of metals and their micro-structure, it equally causes a serious variation in the mechanical and physical properties of the metals. This research focuses on quenching media's effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a 150mm x 80mm x 8mm welded mild steel plate through microscopic examination, metallography mounting, surface grinding, and surface polishing. Microstructural analysis with hardness and impact test was carried out on the steel plate using water, air, and oil as the quenching media. The results of the test show the Vickers Pyramid Number (HV) for water, oil, and air to be 284.2, 270.9, and 262.2 HV for the base metal, heat affected zone (HAZ), and weld metal (WM), respectively. The amount of energy absorbed by the three specimens during fracture is 23.12, 25.27, and 26.83 J, respectively. The test further indicates that the water-quenched media exhibited mostly martensitic structures and held back austenite with many structures of cementite while the oil and air media exhibited martensite phase and refined grains structures individually. It is therefore concluded that air is more suitable to cool the weld metal for damping applications in engineering.","PeriodicalId":177693,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121559233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rani Anggrainy, Wegie Ruslan, D. L. Zariatin, R. A. Gilart, Thaer M. I. Syam
Applying magnetic fields to improve the arrangement of hydrocarbon molecules in fuel lines have been continuously studied in recent decades. However, scientific reports regarding the application of a magnetic field integrated with a gasoline vaporizer tube (GVT) on engine performance have not been widely discussed. Therefore, this article presents an investigation of the application of GVT with magnetic field on a single cylinder gasoline engine with three different fuel qualities, including RON88, RON92, and RON98. Torque, power, emissions and fuel consumption have been tested for scientific opinion. The results of our present investigation seem to confirm the claims of GVT inventors, where GVT increases engine torque and power, reduces CO and HC content in exhaust gases, and reduces fuel consumption. However, without considering the supply of gasoline and air from the GVT to the engine is an unfair analysis. In fact, although the established theories reveal the benefits of applying a magnetic field to the fuel line, in this case, only a small part of the fuel is induced by the magnetic field, outside the main line from the tank to the injectors. Finally, the results of this investigation provide new insights for potential users of GVT, which is currently commercially available.
{"title":"Effect of gasoline vaporizer tube (GVT) with magnetic field on spark-ignition engine: Investigation, discussion, and opinion","authors":"Rani Anggrainy, Wegie Ruslan, D. L. Zariatin, R. A. Gilart, Thaer M. I. Syam","doi":"10.31603/mesi.7075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.7075","url":null,"abstract":"Applying magnetic fields to improve the arrangement of hydrocarbon molecules in fuel lines have been continuously studied in recent decades. However, scientific reports regarding the application of a magnetic field integrated with a gasoline vaporizer tube (GVT) on engine performance have not been widely discussed. Therefore, this article presents an investigation of the application of GVT with magnetic field on a single cylinder gasoline engine with three different fuel qualities, including RON88, RON92, and RON98. Torque, power, emissions and fuel consumption have been tested for scientific opinion. The results of our present investigation seem to confirm the claims of GVT inventors, where GVT increases engine torque and power, reduces CO and HC content in exhaust gases, and reduces fuel consumption. However, without considering the supply of gasoline and air from the GVT to the engine is an unfair analysis. In fact, although the established theories reveal the benefits of applying a magnetic field to the fuel line, in this case, only a small part of the fuel is induced by the magnetic field, outside the main line from the tank to the injectors. Finally, the results of this investigation provide new insights for potential users of GVT, which is currently commercially available.","PeriodicalId":177693,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131824084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sri Mumpuni Ngesti Rahayu, A. Hananto, S. Herawan, M. Z. Asy'ari, A. Sule, M. Idris, Dhany Hermansyah, Shuaibu Alani Balogun, Esam Abu Baker Ali
In comparison to ethanol biofuel, butanol is considerably less corrosive, permitting the utilization of existing infrastructures used to ship gasoline or diesel for its distribution. Less corrosive also means that butanol can be utilized with no engine alteration. If butanol is mixed with water, it is less likely to split from the main fuel, thus facilitating the storage and distribution of blended fuels. Butanol also comprises a comparable energy content to petrol fuel, with 25% more energy density/liter as opposed to ethanol. All these excellent qualities have led to higher engine performance, enabling the vehicles to achieve higher mileage using butanol with no significant issue. Several challenges and future research directions are discussed and in the last section of this review article, we emphasize the importance of an optical engine to diagnose engine combustion in more detail. The consequence of using butanol on spark ignition engine on cold start and knock phenomena are also worth investigating. Results on the spray, the pressure inside the cylinder, rate of heat release, and detonation are thus required.
{"title":"A Review of automotive green technology: Potential of butanol as biofuel in gasoline engine","authors":"Sri Mumpuni Ngesti Rahayu, A. Hananto, S. Herawan, M. Z. Asy'ari, A. Sule, M. Idris, Dhany Hermansyah, Shuaibu Alani Balogun, Esam Abu Baker Ali","doi":"10.31603/mesi.7155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.7155","url":null,"abstract":"In comparison to ethanol biofuel, butanol is considerably less corrosive, permitting the utilization of existing infrastructures used to ship gasoline or diesel for its distribution. Less corrosive also means that butanol can be utilized with no engine alteration. If butanol is mixed with water, it is less likely to split from the main fuel, thus facilitating the storage and distribution of blended fuels. Butanol also comprises a comparable energy content to petrol fuel, with 25% more energy density/liter as opposed to ethanol. All these excellent qualities have led to higher engine performance, enabling the vehicles to achieve higher mileage using butanol with no significant issue. Several challenges and future research directions are discussed and in the last section of this review article, we emphasize the importance of an optical engine to diagnose engine combustion in more detail. The consequence of using butanol on spark ignition engine on cold start and knock phenomena are also worth investigating. Results on the spray, the pressure inside the cylinder, rate of heat release, and detonation are thus required.","PeriodicalId":177693,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129776962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：