Pub Date : 2017-12-07DOI: 10.13109/HISP.2017.130.1.148
V. Blažek
In the present study designations of 'bear' are collected in all Indo-European branches, where they are known, to analyze them from the point of view of their internal phonological and morphological structure, semantic motivation, and etymology. The terms with more or less transparent semantic motivation can help with interpretation of less transparent terms. It seems, the most frequent semantic pattern in designation of 'bear' in Western Eurasia is motivated by a more than positive relation of the bear to honey. This idea is applied to the most wide-spread Indo-European term for 'bear', reconstructible as *H2tko- or *H2dko- and whose traces are recognizible even in branches, where the dominant term was replaced by innovations. If this solution is correct, the term *H2tko- or *H2dko- also represents an innovative designation, which once replaced a hypothetical primary term, perhaps for similar tabuistic reasons, why *H2tko- or *H2dko- was replaced in Germanic and Balto-Slavic. This conclusion also excludes the proposed external relatives, but it is not surprising with regard to their problematic argumentation, in one case even existence
{"title":"Indo-European 'bear'","authors":"V. Blažek","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2017.130.1.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2017.130.1.148","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study designations of 'bear' are collected in all Indo-European branches, where they are known, to analyze them from the point of view of their internal phonological and morphological structure, semantic motivation, and etymology. The terms with more or less transparent semantic motivation can help with interpretation of less transparent terms. It seems, the most frequent semantic pattern in designation of 'bear' in Western Eurasia is motivated by a more than positive relation of the bear to honey. This idea is applied to the most wide-spread Indo-European term for 'bear', reconstructible as *H2tko- or *H2dko- and whose traces are recognizible even in branches, where the dominant term was replaced by innovations. If this solution is correct, the term *H2tko- or *H2dko- also represents an innovative designation, which once replaced a hypothetical primary term, perhaps for similar tabuistic reasons, why *H2tko- or *H2dko- was replaced in Germanic and Balto-Slavic. This conclusion also excludes the proposed external relatives, but it is not surprising with regard to their problematic argumentation, in one case even existence","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117255805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-07DOI: 10.13109/hisp.2016.129.1.221
T. Lindner
Abstract In the following article, the history of prescientific language comparison will be delineated, together with a concise documentation of primary sources from the beginnings in the Early Modern Period until the landmark of comparative philology, Bopp’s Conjugationssystem from 1816.
{"title":"Der präkomparatistische Sprachvergleich von Moses über Leibniz bis zum 16. Mai 1816","authors":"T. Lindner","doi":"10.13109/hisp.2016.129.1.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/hisp.2016.129.1.221","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the following article, the history of prescientific language comparison will be delineated, together with a concise documentation of primary sources from the beginnings in the Early Modern Period until the landmark of comparative philology, Bopp’s Conjugationssystem from 1816.","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123096511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-07DOI: 10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.233
R. Lühr
Abstract The term „Sprachgeist“ is essential for Bopp’s conception of language. So far this concept has been almost completely neglected in linguistic research. However, its use shows that Bopp is not only interested in the formal representation of languages, but that he considers language obviously from the perspective of the speaker of the language in his time, and, furthermore, that he tries actually to understand his own language and foreign and extinct languages as well. Firstly, the often-discussed concepts “Lautgesetz” and “Analogy” are compared with the concept “Sprachgeist”. Afterwards the use of these concepts is pursued within in the Germanic languages. The focus is on the verb ‘to be’ and the weak preterite.
{"title":"Indogermanistik und Germanistik","authors":"R. Lühr","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.233","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The term „Sprachgeist“ is essential for Bopp’s conception of language. So far this concept has been almost completely neglected in linguistic research. However, its use shows that Bopp is not only interested in the formal representation of languages, but that he considers language obviously from the perspective of the speaker of the language in his time, and, furthermore, that he tries actually to understand his own language and foreign and extinct languages as well. Firstly, the often-discussed concepts “Lautgesetz” and “Analogy” are compared with the concept “Sprachgeist”. Afterwards the use of these concepts is pursued within in the Germanic languages. The focus is on the verb ‘to be’ and the weak preterite.","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115254596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-07DOI: 10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.125
T. Aufderheide, G. Keydana
In contemporary Indo-European studies, the Old Indo-Aryan i-epenthesis is usually treated as a result of a diachronic process, namely that of laryngeal vocalization. This view, however, necessitates the assumption of a strict and quite early divide be-tween the Indo-Aryan and Iranian as subbranches of Indo-Iranian. In this paper, we challenge this particular view: we argue that the phonological development of laryngeals is basically uniform within Indo-Iranian. Hence, the i-epenthesis represents instead a later phenomenon that emerges only in Old Indo-Aryan and that is not exclusively tied to the phonology of laryngeals. We show that the distribution of the i-epenthesis renders it a synchronic repair strategy of Old Indo-Aryan either to avoid phonotacticly illicit consonant clusters or to saturate other morphonological tendencies. The tendencies identified by us include an Old Indo-Aryan thrive for open syllables, paradigm uni-formity, and morphological recoverability to enhance lexicon retrieval. We develop our proposal for Vedic and Pāninian Sanskrit by examining certain deverbal suffixes for nominal derivation and the structure of inherited kinship terms that denote ‘father’ or ‘daughter’ respectively
{"title":"Die i-Epenthese im Altindoarischen: Laryngalvokalisierung oder 'Verbindungsglied'?","authors":"T. Aufderheide, G. Keydana","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.125","url":null,"abstract":"In contemporary Indo-European studies, the Old Indo-Aryan i-epenthesis is usually treated as a result of a diachronic process, namely that of laryngeal vocalization. This view, however, necessitates the assumption of a strict and quite early divide be-tween the Indo-Aryan and Iranian as subbranches of Indo-Iranian. In this paper, we challenge this particular view: we argue that the phonological development of laryngeals is basically uniform within Indo-Iranian. Hence, the i-epenthesis represents instead a later phenomenon that emerges only in Old Indo-Aryan and that is not exclusively tied to the phonology of laryngeals. We show that the distribution of the i-epenthesis renders it a synchronic repair strategy of Old Indo-Aryan either to avoid phonotacticly illicit consonant clusters or to saturate other morphonological tendencies. The tendencies identified by us include an Old Indo-Aryan thrive for open syllables, paradigm uni-formity, and morphological recoverability to enhance lexicon retrieval. We develop our proposal for Vedic and Pāninian Sanskrit by examining certain deverbal suffixes for nominal derivation and the structure of inherited kinship terms that denote ‘father’ or ‘daughter’ respectively","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114075758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-07DOI: 10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.13
E. Dupraz
The present paper deals with two orthographic features of Umbrian, the use of the digraph -ei- / -ei- and the 'geminatio uocalium'. Contrary to previous explanations, they are probably not linked with any kind of direct Roman influence. Both uses can be explained within Umbrian writing tradition, as attempts to create a historical ortho-graphy to note lost phonemes.
{"title":"Über den umbrischen Digraph -ei- / -ei-","authors":"E. Dupraz","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper deals with two orthographic features of Umbrian, the use of the digraph -ei- / -ei- and the 'geminatio uocalium'. Contrary to previous explanations, they are probably not linked with any kind of direct Roman influence. Both uses can be explained within Umbrian writing tradition, as attempts to create a historical ortho-graphy to note lost phonemes.","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123993377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-07DOI: 10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.264
D. Petit
Abstract One of the major concerns of linguistics throughout the 19th century was to determine whether languages build their morphology by means of internal variations or by means of the addition of external elements to the root. This binary distinction between „organic“ and „mechanical“ languages was often connected with the problem of the PIE ablaut, since ablaut was regarded as an organic development, created by the root itself and manifesting its organic power. The aim of this paper is to describe the different milestones of this debate for a time span extending from the brothers Schlegel to the Neo-grammarian revolution (ca 1800-1880), including most of the leading figures of 19th century linguistics, Franz Bopp (1791-1867), Jacob Grimm (1785-1863), Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835) and August Schleicher (1821-1868).
{"title":"Ablaut und Organismus in der Sprachwissenschaft des 19. Jahrhunderts","authors":"D. Petit","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.264","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the major concerns of linguistics throughout the 19th century was to determine whether languages build their morphology by means of internal variations or by means of the addition of external elements to the root. This binary distinction between „organic“ and „mechanical“ languages was often connected with the problem of the PIE ablaut, since ablaut was regarded as an organic development, created by the root itself and manifesting its organic power. The aim of this paper is to describe the different milestones of this debate for a time span extending from the brothers Schlegel to the Neo-grammarian revolution (ca 1800-1880), including most of the leading figures of 19th century linguistics, Franz Bopp (1791-1867), Jacob Grimm (1785-1863), Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835) and August Schleicher (1821-1868).","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115424544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-07DOI: 10.13109/hisp.2016.129.1.5
H. Bichlmeier
Abstract The place-name Jena has posed a problem to etymologists for decades. It has been clear for some time that it must be connected with MHG jân m. ‘row (of mown grass, of cut down grain)’. A recent article by Karlheinz Hengst and Peter Wiesinger brought a break-through: it seems now clear that the MHG word and the place-name OHG Iani go back to an old i-stem Proto-Germ. *iǣni- > West-Germ. *jāni-. The further etymology of the word can now be given more precisely: The place-name probably goes back to a highly archaic vddhi-formation PIE *iḗh2-ni- f. > Proto-Germ. *iǣni-, which might have meant ‘area at a river-crossing’. An etymological connection of this place-name with Polish river-names containing the element Jan- (implying that Jena was originally a designation for a section of the river Saale) must be regarded as rather improbable.
{"title":"Zum Ortsnamen Jena","authors":"H. Bichlmeier","doi":"10.13109/hisp.2016.129.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/hisp.2016.129.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The place-name Jena has posed a problem to etymologists for decades. It has been clear for some time that it must be connected with MHG jân m. ‘row (of mown grass, of cut down grain)’. A recent article by Karlheinz Hengst and Peter Wiesinger brought a break-through: it seems now clear that the MHG word and the place-name OHG Iani go back to an old i-stem Proto-Germ. *iǣni- > West-Germ. *jāni-. The further etymology of the word can now be given more precisely: The place-name probably goes back to a highly archaic vddhi-formation PIE *iḗh2-ni- f. > Proto-Germ. *iǣni-, which might have meant ‘area at a river-crossing’. An etymological connection of this place-name with Polish river-names containing the element Jan- (implying that Jena was originally a designation for a section of the river Saale) must be regarded as rather improbable.","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131755852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-07DOI: 10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.66
A. Payne, David Sasseville
The following article provides a new edition of a Lydian-Greek bilingual inscription from the Athena Temple at Pergamon (LW 40). For the first time, the badly weathered Lydian part of the inscription can be read in its entirety, revealing Malis as the Lydian name of the goddess Athena. The bilingual thereby contributes to our understanding of Lydian religion and elucidates the perpetuation of the name Malis in Greek sources
{"title":"Die lydische Athene: eine neue Edition von LW 40","authors":"A. Payne, David Sasseville","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.66","url":null,"abstract":"The following article provides a new edition of a Lydian-Greek bilingual inscription from the Athena Temple at Pergamon (LW 40). For the first time, the badly weathered Lydian part of the inscription can be read in its entirety, revealing Malis as the Lydian name of the goddess Athena. The bilingual thereby contributes to our understanding of Lydian religion and elucidates the perpetuation of the name Malis in Greek sources","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125368551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-07DOI: 10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.83
G. Pinault
There has been a large consensus about the understanding of Ved. puraṃdhi- and its match Av. parəṇdi- as meaning ‘plenty’, ‘plentifulness’ or ‘abundance’, which would be supported by the etymological connection with the root Ved. pari- ‘to fill’, featuring an allomorph pur- in several derivatives. The analysis of the word as a determinative compound remains however quite difficult. A major insight, due to Karl Hoffmann (communicated to Johanna Narten, 1986), led to recognize in it a second member -andhi- ‘blooming, flourishing’, cognate with Ved. andhas- ‘plant’, Gk. ἄνθος ‘flower’, etc. This notion is actually related to the original function of Ved. puraṃdhi- as associated with the soma plant. After reviewing the evidence of the Rigveda, one proposes a new analysis of Indo-Iranian *prHandhi- as a governing compound meaning ‘furthering the flourishing’, with a derivative from the root Ved. par- ‘to bring across, help, further’ as first member. This noun was secondarily reinterpreted as an abstract related to the notion of abundance which was expected as reward from the soma cult, and then extended to plentifulness in general.
{"title":"Increase in flourishing: Vedic púraṃdhi-, Av. parəṇdi-","authors":"G. Pinault","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.83","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a large consensus about the understanding of Ved. puraṃdhi- and its match Av. parəṇdi- as meaning ‘plenty’, ‘plentifulness’ or ‘abundance’, which would be supported by the etymological connection with the root Ved. pari- ‘to fill’, featuring an allomorph pur- in several derivatives. The analysis of the word as a determinative compound remains however quite difficult. A major insight, due to Karl Hoffmann (communicated to Johanna Narten, 1986), led to recognize in it a second member -andhi- ‘blooming, flourishing’, cognate with Ved. andhas- ‘plant’, Gk. ἄνθος ‘flower’, etc. This notion is actually related to the original function of Ved. puraṃdhi- as associated with the soma plant. After reviewing the evidence of the Rigveda, one proposes a new analysis of Indo-Iranian *prHandhi- as a governing compound meaning ‘furthering the flourishing’, with a derivative from the root Ved. par- ‘to bring across, help, further’ as first member. This noun was secondarily reinterpreted as an abstract related to the notion of abundance which was expected as reward from the soma cult, and then extended to plentifulness in general.","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123429752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-07DOI: 10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.196
E. Dupraz
The paper analyses the Umbrian formula subra. spah(a)mu (mediopassive) / subra. spahatu (active) and the various interpretations which have been suggested for it in past research. The investigation of previous work on subra. spahmu shows that, since the beginning of the 20th century, the morphological difference between mediopassive and active forms of the imperative II has been considered negligible, an arbitrary hypothesis first expressed by Buck. Earlier research, however, e.g. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff’s groundbreaking monograph or Bucheler's synthesis on the Iguvine Tables, observed, more cautiously, that a syntactic and semantic difference between both diatheses must exist, even if this difference was difficult to determine. New comparisons within the Umbrian corpus provide an explanation for this opposition and show that the founders of Umbrian studies, whose work did not yet rely on a rigid scientific tradition, were correct in supposing that both variants of the formula subra. spahmu had to be interpreted in different way
{"title":"Die umbrische Anordnung 'subra'. 'spahmu': Wege der Forschung","authors":"E. Dupraz","doi":"10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13109/HISP.2016.129.1.196","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyses the Umbrian formula subra. spah(a)mu (mediopassive) / subra. spahatu (active) and the various interpretations which have been suggested for it in past research. The investigation of previous work on subra. spahmu shows that, since the beginning of the 20th century, the morphological difference between mediopassive and active forms of the imperative II has been considered negligible, an arbitrary hypothesis first expressed by Buck. Earlier research, however, e.g. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff’s groundbreaking monograph or Bucheler's synthesis on the Iguvine Tables, observed, more cautiously, that a syntactic and semantic difference between both diatheses must exist, even if this difference was difficult to determine. New comparisons within the Umbrian corpus provide an explanation for this opposition and show that the founders of Umbrian studies, whose work did not yet rely on a rigid scientific tradition, were correct in supposing that both variants of the formula subra. spahmu had to be interpreted in different way","PeriodicalId":177751,"journal":{"name":"Historische Sprachforschung","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122438332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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