Leber, Magen, Darm最新文献

Acute ulcer bleeding still is a life-threatening event. The therapeutic goal is to establish intensity, activity and location of the bleeding and to assess primary hemostasis by consequent endoscopic therapy, also preventing recurrence significantly. With the injection method, primary hemostasis accounts for over 90% success. Also recurrent bleeding can be stopped to the same extent. Endoscopic doppler allows a qualitative and quantitative registration of potentially dangerous vessels on the ulcer base. Drug therapy does serve for the acute treatment to a lesser extent; it is more valid for the initiation of the conservative ulcer therapy. Surgical interventions therefore confined to risk patients in whom a primary hemostasis failed or the ulcer is located in a dangerous site, for instance in the back wall of the duodenal bulb.

We report on a 73 years old female patient receiving a recurrent epistaxis due to a severe plasmatic malcoagulation. In spite of since twenty years remaining diarrhoea coeliac disease has been diagnosed but now causative of the malcoagulation. On the occasion of this report clinical, current pathogenetical, immunological and pathohistological aspects of coeliac disease have been described. At last we agree to the differential diagnosis of anaemia in coeliac disease and in this connection to the metabolism of vitamin K too.

82 consecutive outpatients with Crohn's disease (n = 52) and ulcerative colitis (n = 30) were examined ambulatory. Rheumatic complaints, objective results and diagnosis were correlated to the activity of the underlying illness and the extent of the bowel affected. 61% of the examined patients complaint about rheumatic pains. In two thirds this could be attributed to noninflammatory causes (30% insertion tendinitis. 16% degenerative arthritis, 16% wrong carriage), which appeared to be independent of the activity and severity of the underlying disease. One fourth of the rheumatic complaints was caused by inflammation (21% arthritis, 5% sacroileitis). In these cases a dependency on the disease activity and the extent of the colon involvement could be found. No cause was found for 12% of the rheumatic complaints. In patients with ulcerative colitis suffering from arthritis a significant increase of disease activity (Rachmilewitz index) could be shown as compared to ulcerative colitis patients without arthritis (p < 0.02). For patients with Crohn's disease no significant correlation between arthritis and disease activity could be established. In these cases the occurrence of arthritis was associated with the colon involvement (Chi2 = 8.48). The data indicate the high frequency of rheumatic complaints in inflammatory bowel diseases due to noninflammatory causes.

Of 1,756 liver biopsies performed in the years 1987-1991, in 139 cases the patients exhibited both a nearly normal liver histology and elevated GGT values. After exclusion of patients with known causes for an elevated GGT 15 patients were selected, who over at least one year, were documented as having at least 3 measured GGT values with an average of over 40 U/l. In the follow-up of 1-15 years a typical constellation was detectable: longterm elevation of GGT (average 47-156 U/l, moreover a smaller degree of elevation of GLDH and GPT), minimal deviations from norm in liver histology (periportal fibrosis and/or fatty liver degeneration), and functional abdominal complaints. This triad occurred predominantly in middle-aged males, did not exhibit laboratory-chemical or histological signs of progression or regression tendencies and could be interpreted as a "functional" liver disorder with parelleles to M. Gilbert-Meulengracht.

Bleeding is the most frequent complication of peptic ulcer disease. Patients with a previous ulcer hemorrhage have a high risk for future bleeding episodes. Therefore, treatment aiming at ulcer prophylaxis is mandatory. Helicobacter pylori infection, acid/pepsin and intake of Aspirin or NSAIDs are the main causal factors involved in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. Ulcers induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be cured by gastric acid suppression (e.g. omeprazole) and prevented by withdrawal of the ulcerogenic substances or co-medication with omeprazole or misoprostol. Acid and Helicobacter pylori are necessary, albeit by themselves not sufficient factors in the causal web of the formerly idiopathic, gastritis-associated peptic ulcer disease of the stomach and the duodenum. Maintenance therapy with antisecretory drugs results in a marked decrease of ulcer recurrences and probably further ulcer complications after an index bleeding, but a definite cure of the ulcer disease is not feasible in the majority of patients. The proportion of patients remaining in remission is dependent on the degree of gastric acid suppression. Therefore, potent antisecretory drugs such as the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole should be used if a physician decides to initiate a long-term maintenance therapy. Several studies have demonstrated beyond doubt that cure of Helicobacter pylori eradication resulted in a stable remission of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease. In addition, a true reinfection after apparent eradication of the bacteria has been rarely observed in adults.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ultrasound and computed tomography are dominant in the diagnosis of liver lesions. Angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and scintigraphic procedures complete the spectrum. Ultrasound and computed tomography are able to detect focal liver lesions and to distinguish between hypoechoic, anechoic and hyperechoic lesions. We differentiate in addition between liver lesions found accidentally or in patients suffering from a known tumor. For a definite diagnosis of a haemangioma a computerized tomography with rapid contrast bolus or MRI should be performed. If there is suspicion of an adenoma or a focal nodal hyperplasia a hepatobiliary sequence scintigraphy should be performed. In the following the essential procedures for the differential diagnosis of liver lesions based on there sonomorphological appearance is presented.