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12. We Get By with a Little Help from Our Friends 12. 我们从朋友那里得到一点帮助
Pub Date : 2011-12-31 DOI: 10.7560/722651-014
R. Blieszner, A. Ogletree
Friends are an important part of social circles tm late infancy through late adulthood. tey help us get along in life by modeling social engagement, offering emotional support, providing camaraderie, challenging unexamined assumptions, listening to deep concerns, just being there, and a host of other mundane and special contributions to our well-being (Rawlins, 2016). Life span development and life-course perspectives posit that earlier life experiences influence later life outcomes (Dannefer and Settersten, 2010), so understanding friendship in old age requires examining it at multiple earlier periods. What were friend relationships like for the youth and emerging adults comprising the baby boomer cohort during the Summer of Love? How did those friendship patterns play out across their young adult and middle-age years, and what are they like now for aging baby boomers?Historical context and cohort experiences matter (Dannefer and Settersten, 2010), so we sought to answer these questions by looking for research findings from studies of baby boomers in the United States, conducted when they were young (approximately age 20), in middle-age (around age 45), and in old age (ages 65 and older). Participants in the Summer of Love were teenagers and young adults at the leading edge of the baby boomer cohort, so, allowing a few years for research to be conducted and published, we searched for research related to their friendships published in (or using data collected in) the 1970s and early 1980s, in the mid-1990s and early 2000s, and after 2011, to capture the three adult stages of the cohort that began in 1946. Note that friendship only emerged as a significant topic of research in the 1980s, despite the fact that friendship has been discussed since the time of Aristotle (Rawlins, 2016).Also, friendship in childhood and late adulthood has been studied far more than friendship in young and middle adulthood. Thus, available evidence from the relevant historical periods is not as robust as we would have liked. Nevertheless, we present a representative sampling of the kinds of information about friends available at each period of the baby boomers' adulthood. Of course, cohorts are not homogeneous, so our interpretations are tempered by acknowledgement of a great variety of opportunities and constraints, personalities, political stances, and many other features that shape diversity within a cohort's set of experiences and outcomes over the years.Friendships of Baby Boomer Youth and Young AdultsResearch published in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when the baby boomers were teenagers and young adults, was much more likely to focus on parent-child relations, school performance, and problems such as juvenile delinquency than on friendship. Thus, we found few studies of baby boomers' friendships when they were teens and young adults and we were unable to identify any studies focused on friendships of Summer of Love participants per se.Research shows that friend
从婴儿晚期到成年晚期,朋友都是社交圈的重要组成部分。他们通过塑造社会参与、提供情感支持、提供友情、挑战未经检验的假设、倾听内心深处的担忧、只是在那里,以及许多其他平凡和特殊的贡献来帮助我们在生活中相处(罗林斯,2016)。生命周期发展和生命历程观点认为,早期的生活经历会影响后来的生活结果(Dannefer和Settersten, 2010),因此,理解老年友谊需要在多个早期阶段进行检查。在“爱之夏”时期,青年和即将成年的婴儿潮一代的朋友关系是怎样的?这些友谊模式在他们的青年时期和中年时期是如何发挥作用的?对于正在变老的婴儿潮一代来说,他们现在是什么样子的?历史背景和群体经历很重要(Dannefer和Settersten, 2010),因此我们试图通过寻找对美国婴儿潮一代的研究结果来回答这些问题,这些研究是在他们年轻(大约20岁)、中年(大约45岁)和老年(65岁及以上)时进行的。“爱之夏”的参与者是处于婴儿潮一代前沿的青少年和年轻人,因此,考虑到研究进行和发表的时间,我们搜索了与他们的友谊相关的研究,这些研究发表于(或使用收集于)上世纪70年代和80年代初、90年代中期和21世纪初,以及2011年之后,以捕捉从1946年开始的这一群体的三个成年阶段。请注意,友谊只是在20世纪80年代才成为一个重要的研究主题,尽管自亚里士多德时代以来就一直在讨论友谊(罗林斯,2016)。此外,对童年和成年后期友谊的研究远远多于对青年和中年友谊的研究。因此,相关历史时期的现有证据并不像我们希望的那样有力。尽管如此,我们还是对婴儿潮一代成年后每个时期的朋友信息进行了有代表性的抽样调查。当然,群体并不是同质的,所以我们的解释要通过承认各种各样的机会和限制、个性、政治立场和许多其他特征来缓和,这些特征在一个群体多年来的经历和结果中形成了多样性。在20世纪70年代末和80年代初,当婴儿潮一代是青少年和年轻人时,发表的研究更有可能关注亲子关系、学习成绩和青少年犯罪等问题,而不是友谊。因此,我们发现很少有关于婴儿潮一代在青少年和青年时期的友谊的研究,我们无法确定任何关于“爱之夏”参与者本身的友谊的研究。研究表明,早期成年婴儿潮一代的朋友在人口特征和态度上是相似的(Kandel, 1978)。他们不仅有共同的个人背景,而且同性友谊盛行。朋友们喜欢相互互动,这有助于他们共同构建对自己和社会关系的见解和理解(Hunter, 1984)。大学生认为友谊最重要的特征是可靠(55%)、诚实(47%)、理解(45%)和信任(43%),其次是享受(37%)、成为知己(37%),以及比例较小的年轻人提到的许多其他方面(Tesch和Martin, 1983)。当时的大学生男女在朋友的数量、与朋友相处的时间或对亲密关系的感知价值方面没有差异。然而,女性强调朋友之间情感分享和自我表露的重要性,而男性则强调共同的兴趣和活动(Caldwell和Peplau, 1982)。…
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引用次数: 3
42. Où Est Mon Sein? 42. 我的乳房在哪里?
Pub Date : 2011-12-31 DOI: 10.7560/722651-044
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引用次数: 0
14. Steel Magnolias, Texas Style 14. 钢铁木兰花,德州风格
Pub Date : 2011-12-31 DOI: 10.7560/722651-016
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引用次数: 0
3. Who, Me? No Way! 3.谁,我吗?没门!
Pub Date : 2011-12-31 DOI: 10.7560/722651-005
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引用次数: 0
27. Plans? We Don’t Need No Stinkin’ Plans 27. 计划吗?我们不需要任何糟糕的计划
Pub Date : 2011-12-31 DOI: 10.7560/722651-029
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引用次数: 0
19. Le Petit Dejeuner 19. 我们的早餐
Pub Date : 2011-12-31 DOI: 10.7560/722651-021
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引用次数: 0
39. Talking Turkey 39. 在土耳其
Pub Date : 2011-12-31 DOI: 10.7560/722651-041
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引用次数: 0
20. Home Cookin’
Pub Date : 2011-12-31 DOI: 10.7560/722651-022
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引用次数: 0
Epilogue: Gentle Chicken Soup 尾声:温和的鸡汤
Pub Date : 2011-12-31 DOI: 10.7560/722651-047
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引用次数: 0
8. Mise en Place 8. 这是如何实现的
Pub Date : 2011-12-31 DOI: 10.7560/722651-010
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引用次数: 0
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Stirring It Up with Molly Ivins
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