Pub Date : 2016-02-07DOI: 10.1002/9781119274780.CH151
Zhaohui Wang, Saeid Nobakhtghalati, Anne Støre, A. Solheim, Kati Tschöpe, A. P. Ratvik, T. Grande
The lifetime of an aluminum electrolysis cell is mainly determined by the cathode wear, especially for high amperage cells utilizing graphitized carbon cathodes. The cathode wear mechanisms are, however, complex and still subject to debate. Laboratory tests using inverted cell configurations have previously been used to study commercial cathode materials. Here we report on results obtained in the last 5 years for three different commercial cathode materials. The current density applied in the tests was in the range from 0 to 2 A/cm2 and the rotation speed of the cathode was from 0 to 125 rpm, corresponding to surface velocity 0–19.6 cm/s. The wear mechanisms with respect to current density, limiting current of Al4C3 formation and mass transport are discussed. In addition, similarities and differences between wear observed in the laboratory and in industry cells are discussed.
{"title":"Cathode Wear in Electrowinning of Aluminum Investigated by a Laboratory Test Cell","authors":"Zhaohui Wang, Saeid Nobakhtghalati, Anne Støre, A. Solheim, Kati Tschöpe, A. P. Ratvik, T. Grande","doi":"10.1002/9781119274780.CH151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119274780.CH151","url":null,"abstract":"The lifetime of an aluminum electrolysis cell is mainly determined by the cathode wear, especially for high amperage cells utilizing graphitized carbon cathodes. The cathode wear mechanisms are, however, complex and still subject to debate. Laboratory tests using inverted cell configurations have previously been used to study commercial cathode materials. Here we report on results obtained in the last 5 years for three different commercial cathode materials. The current density applied in the tests was in the range from 0 to 2 A/cm2 and the rotation speed of the cathode was from 0 to 125 rpm, corresponding to surface velocity 0–19.6 cm/s. The wear mechanisms with respect to current density, limiting current of Al4C3 formation and mass transport are discussed. In addition, similarities and differences between wear observed in the laboratory and in industry cells are discussed.","PeriodicalId":18036,"journal":{"name":"轻金属","volume":"5 1","pages":"897-902"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90622064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-07DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_160
A. Dufour, Jayson Tessier, L. Gosselin, C. Duchesne
{"title":"Empirical Modeling of the Baking Furnace to Predict Baked Anode Properties","authors":"A. Dufour, Jayson Tessier, L. Gosselin, C. Duchesne","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_160","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18036,"journal":{"name":"轻金属","volume":"76 1","pages":"953-958"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77240815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-07DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_71
Yong-Shen Lu, Yue-zhen Zhou, Chen Xiumin, Jia-ju Wang, Junjie Xu, Qing-chun Yu, Dachun Liu, Bin Yang
{"title":"Thermodynamic Analysis and Dynamic Simulation on Carbothermic Chlorination Reaction of Al 2 O under Vacuum","authors":"Yong-Shen Lu, Yue-zhen Zhou, Chen Xiumin, Jia-ju Wang, Junjie Xu, Qing-chun Yu, Dachun Liu, Bin Yang","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_71","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18036,"journal":{"name":"轻金属","volume":"11 1","pages":"433-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88729398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-07DOI: 10.1002/9781119274780.CH122
Y. Wang, Li Zhou, Z. Fan
It was found that the efficiency of TiB2 inoculation to achieve grain refinement was decreased dramatically by Zr addition. In the present work, the mechanism of so-called “poisoning” effect was investigated by advanced analytical microscopy, including Cs-corrected high resolution STEM. For the first time, adsorption of Zr atoms was observed in a mono-layer on {0001} surface of TiB2. Significantly, atomic resolution STEM Z-contrast imaging revealed that the brightness of atomic columns in the monolayer varied periodically when viewing in ([10bar 10]) direction, indicating that the adsorbed Zr atoms in the layer were ordered in 2D. Deviation by 8 degrees from the well define orientation relationship, (0001)TiB2 8deg ~ (111)Al, and ({[11bar 20]_{TiB2}}parallel {[0bar 11]_{A1}}), was observed. The effect of Zr atom adsorption at the interface on mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation was discussed.
结果表明，Zr的加入显著降低了TiB2接种对晶粒细化的效果。在本工作中，利用先进的分析显微镜，包括cs校正的高分辨率STEM，研究了所谓的“中毒”效应的机制。首次在TiB2的{0001}表面观察到Zr原子的单层吸附。值得注意的是，原子分辨率STEM z -对比度成像显示，在([10bar 10])方向观察时，单层原子柱的亮度周期性变化，表明层中吸附的Zr原子在二维中有序。观察到与井定义的定向关系(0001)TiB2 (111)Al和({[11bar 20]_{TiB2}}parallel {[0bar 11]_{A1}})偏差8度。讨论了界面吸附Zr原子对非均相成核机理的影响。
{"title":"Mechanism of Zirconium Poisoning Effect on TiB2 Inoculation in Aluminium Alloys","authors":"Y. Wang, Li Zhou, Z. Fan","doi":"10.1002/9781119274780.CH122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119274780.CH122","url":null,"abstract":"It was found that the efficiency of TiB2 inoculation to achieve grain refinement was decreased dramatically by Zr addition. In the present work, the mechanism of so-called “poisoning” effect was investigated by advanced analytical microscopy, including Cs-corrected high resolution STEM. For the first time, adsorption of Zr atoms was observed in a mono-layer on {0001} surface of TiB2. Significantly, atomic resolution STEM Z-contrast imaging revealed that the brightness of atomic columns in the monolayer varied periodically when viewing in ([10bar 10]) direction, indicating that the adsorbed Zr atoms in the layer were ordered in 2D. Deviation by 8 degrees from the well define orientation relationship, (0001)TiB2 8deg ~ (111)Al, and ({[11bar 20]_{TiB2}}parallel {[0bar 11]_{A1}}), was observed. The effect of Zr atom adsorption at the interface on mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation was discussed.","PeriodicalId":18036,"journal":{"name":"轻金属","volume":"1 1","pages":"725-729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91263720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-07DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_100
Yuchen Yao, C. Cheung, J. Bao, M. Skyllas-Kazacos, B. Welch, S. Akhmetov
{"title":"Detection of Local Cell Conditions Based on Individual Anode Current Measurements","authors":"Yuchen Yao, C. Cheung, J. Bao, M. Skyllas-Kazacos, B. Welch, S. Akhmetov","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18036,"journal":{"name":"Light Metals","volume":"7 1","pages":"595-600"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74059791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-07DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_50
M. Segatz, J. Hop, P. Reny, Håvard Gikling
{"title":"Hydro's Cell Technology Path Towards Specific Energy Consumption Below 12 KWH/KG","authors":"M. Segatz, J. Hop, P. Reny, Håvard Gikling","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_50","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18036,"journal":{"name":"Light Metals","volume":"24 1","pages":"301-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77913609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-07DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_22
S. Majid, M. Bamberger, A. Katsman
{"title":"Microstructure and Phase Evolution in A201 Alloys with Additions of Silicon","authors":"S. Majid, M. Bamberger, A. Katsman","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18036,"journal":{"name":"Light Metals","volume":"65 1","pages":"127-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84359282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-07DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_27
Usman Ali, A. Brahme, R. Mishra, K. Inal
{"title":"New Methodology to Determine Stable Texture Components under Cold Rolling in FCC Metals","authors":"Usman Ali, A. Brahme, R. Mishra, K. Inal","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18036,"journal":{"name":"Light Metals","volume":"64 1","pages":"159-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86710684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-65136-1_228
B. Øye, Anne Støre, Elin Haugland, J. Hop
{"title":"Optimization of the Anode-Stub Contact: Effect of Casting Temperature, Contact Stress and Temperature and Surface Roughness","authors":"B. Øye, Anne Støre, Elin Haugland, J. Hop","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-65136-1_228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65136-1_228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18036,"journal":{"name":"Light Metals","volume":"129 1","pages":"1353-1357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74251346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-65136-1_76
I. Matveeva, N. Dovzhenko, S. Sidelnikov, L. Trifonenkov, V. Baranov, E. Lopatina
{"title":"Development and Research of New Aluminium Alloys with Transition and Rare‐Earth Metals and Equipment for Production of Wire for Electrotechnical Applications by Methods of Combined Processing","authors":"I. Matveeva, N. Dovzhenko, S. Sidelnikov, L. Trifonenkov, V. Baranov, E. Lopatina","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-65136-1_76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65136-1_76","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18036,"journal":{"name":"Light Metals","volume":"1 1","pages":"443-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86225630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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