Extracellular ice formation as a dehydrating agent is generally acknowledged as an important element of freezing avoidance in frost hardy plants, preventing the development of lethal ice crystals within living cells. While many reports on extracellular ice formation do exist for vascular plants, not much is known on ice formation for liverworts. In this study, ice formation was studied for two liverwort species occurring in climate zones with winter freezing, Conocephalum salebrosum and Marchanthia polymorpha L. subsp. ruderalis, together with taxon-specific ice nucleating temperature and seasonal concentration of ice nucleating agents. Samples were collected in late autumn from various sites in south west Germany. Afterwards the collected liverwort specimen were cultivated and acclimated in pots in the inner courtyard of the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Germany. Ice formation was observed in the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) within the air chambers of both species, with ice crystals growing out of the air chamber pores, as well as random ice crystal formation on various sites on the ventral side for both taxa. The growing ice sheets led to dehydration particularly of the parenchymatous cells. For both taxa, the observations support the relevance of extracellular ice formation for surviving freezing conditions but the experiments also indicate a better adaptation of C. salebrosum to frost.
细胞外冰形成作为一种脱水剂被普遍认为是抗冻植物避免冰冻的重要因素，它可以防止活细胞内形成致命的冰晶。虽然许多关于维管植物细胞外冰形成的报道确实存在，但对苔类植物的冰形成知之甚少。本文研究了生长在冬季严寒气候区的两种苔类植物Conocephalum salebrosum和Marchanthia polymorpha L. subsp的结冰情况。冰成核温度和冰成核剂的季节浓度。样本是在深秋从德国西南部的不同地点收集的。随后，收集到的苔类标本在德国斯图加特国家自然历史博物馆内院的花盆中进行培养和驯化。在环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)下，两种物种的空气室内都有冰的形成，在空气室的孔隙中有冰晶生长，并且在两个分类群的腹侧不同位置都有随机的冰晶形成。不断增长的冰盖导致了尤其是薄壁细胞的脱水。对这两个类群来说，观察结果支持细胞外冰形成与在冰冻条件下生存的相关性，但实验也表明了C. salebrosum对霜冻的更好适应。
{"title":"Comparison of the freezing behavior of two liverwort species – Conocephalum salebrosum and Marchantia polymorpha subsp. ruderalis","authors":"R. Schott, M. Nebel, A. Roth-Nebelsick","doi":"10.25227/linbg.01135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25227/linbg.01135","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular ice formation as a dehydrating agent is generally acknowledged as an important element of freezing avoidance in frost hardy plants, preventing the development of lethal ice crystals within living cells. While many reports on extracellular ice formation do exist for vascular plants, not much is known on ice formation for liverworts. In this study, ice formation was studied for two liverwort species occurring in climate zones with winter freezing, Conocephalum salebrosum and Marchanthia polymorpha L. subsp. ruderalis, together with taxon-specific ice nucleating temperature and seasonal concentration of ice nucleating agents. Samples were collected in late autumn from various sites in south west Germany. Afterwards the collected liverwort specimen were cultivated and acclimated in pots in the inner courtyard of the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Germany. Ice formation was observed in the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) within the air chambers of both species, with ice crystals growing out of the air chamber pores, as well as random ice crystal formation on various sites on the ventral side for both taxa. The growing ice sheets led to dehydration particularly of the parenchymatous cells. For both taxa, the observations support the relevance of extracellular ice formation for surviving freezing conditions but the experiments also indicate a better adaptation of C. salebrosum to frost.","PeriodicalId":18037,"journal":{"name":"Lindbergia","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87636924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lepicolea ochroleuca is newly recorded for Ecuador and Plagiochila cuneata is new to continental Ecuador, previously known only from the Galapagos Islands. Seventy-seven new provincial records of 62 liverwort species distributed among 15 provinces are presented. The uneven knowledge of the distribution of liverworts in Ecuador is briefly discussed and some observations on collections by non-bryologists are made.
{"title":"New liverwort (Marchantiophyta) records based on specimens housed in the National Herbarium of Ecuador (QCNE): notes on the Bryophytes of Ecuador VI","authors":"M. Burghardt","doi":"10.25227/linbg.01142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25227/linbg.01142","url":null,"abstract":"Lepicolea ochroleuca is newly recorded for Ecuador and Plagiochila cuneata is new to continental Ecuador, previously known only from the Galapagos Islands. Seventy-seven new provincial records of 62 liverwort species distributed among 15 provinces are presented. The uneven knowledge of the distribution of liverworts in Ecuador is briefly discussed and some observations on collections by non-bryologists are made.","PeriodicalId":18037,"journal":{"name":"Lindbergia","volume":"2021 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77926397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lichen species of Iraq are poorly known and no accurate checklist has been produced so far. Here we carried out an extensive review of existing literature and carried out additional field work to expand the knowledge of lichens in Iraq. We present the first checklist of lichens in Iraq which comprises a total of 236 species. The field survey identified four lichen species as new to Iraq. Although this checklist is not a full checklist of the lichens of Iraq it represents the most complete list to date. It is likely that increased sampling will lead to further new records of lichen species in Iraq.
{"title":"A checklist of lichens from Iraq, with four new records of lichens from Iraq","authors":"Shram H. Karim, S. A. Salih, A. A. Al-Zubaidy","doi":"10.25227/linbg.01140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25227/linbg.01140","url":null,"abstract":"The lichen species of Iraq are poorly known and no accurate checklist has been produced so far. Here we carried out an extensive review of existing literature and carried out additional field work to expand the knowledge of lichens in Iraq. We present the first checklist of lichens in Iraq which comprises a total of 236 species. The field survey identified four lichen species as new to Iraq. Although this checklist is not a full checklist of the lichens of Iraq it represents the most complete list to date. It is likely that increased sampling will lead to further new records of lichen species in Iraq.","PeriodicalId":18037,"journal":{"name":"Lindbergia","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73654053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum s.l. is a large, suffrutescent, perennial forb native to northeastern Asia that was imported as an ornamental and has become a widespread invasive species in urban and rural environments of North America and Europe. Studies have demonstrated knotweed allelopathy to the germination and growth of many tracheophytes, but we have found no studies of knotweed toxicity to bryophytes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if knotweed extracts affected the growth of the gametophytes of two mosses: Atrichum angustatum and Thuidium delicatulum. Both moss species were exposed to aqueous rhizome extracts of knotweed in concentrations of 0 (control), 10, 25, 50 and 75% for a total of nine days in the laboratory. All non-zero concentrations resulted in significant losses of green biomass, with the greatest losses occurring at the highest concentrations. Samples exposed to the three highest concentrations lost 80% of green mass after nine days. These results help explain the scarcity of moss growth on or near live knotweed crowns.
{"title":"Toxic effects of knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum s.l. rhizome on the mosses Atrichum angustatum and Thuidium delicatulum","authors":"J. Palmeri, E. Kiviat","doi":"10.25227/linbg.01131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25227/linbg.01131","url":null,"abstract":"Knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum s.l. is a large, suffrutescent, perennial forb native to northeastern Asia that was imported as an ornamental and has become a widespread invasive species in urban and rural environments of North America and Europe. Studies have demonstrated knotweed allelopathy to the germination and growth of many tracheophytes, but we have found no studies of knotweed toxicity to bryophytes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if knotweed extracts affected the growth of the gametophytes of two mosses: Atrichum angustatum and Thuidium delicatulum. Both moss species were exposed to aqueous rhizome extracts of knotweed in concentrations of 0 (control), 10, 25, 50 and 75% for a total of nine days in the laboratory. All non-zero concentrations resulted in significant losses of green biomass, with the greatest losses occurring at the highest concentrations. Samples exposed to the three highest concentrations lost 80% of green mass after nine days. These results help explain the scarcity of moss growth on or near live knotweed crowns.","PeriodicalId":18037,"journal":{"name":"Lindbergia","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90547755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent records of lichenicolous fungi from the Kharkiv region are provided. Twenty species were reported as new to the region. Pronectria gromakovae is described as a new species on Lecanora populicola. Didymocyrtis cladoniicola, D. epiphyscia, Epicladonia sandstedei, Katherinomyces cetrariae and Lichenoconium lichenicola are new to the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Physcia stellaris is reported as a new host species for Cladosporium licheniphilum. Notes on the currently known distribution of selected species in other Ukrainian regions are provided.
提供了哈尔科夫地区地衣真菌的最新记录。20种为该地区的新物种。摘要描述了一新种——褐斑原蝇。cladoniicola Didymocyrtis cladoniola, D. epiphysia, Epicladonia sandstedei, Katherinomyces cetraria和Lichenoconium lichenicola是乌克兰森林草原地区的新发现。报道了一种新的地衣枝孢霉寄主。还提供了关于目前已知的乌克兰其他地区某些物种分布情况的说明。
{"title":"Pronectria gromakovae, a new lichenicolous fungus on Lecanora populicola and notes on other records from Kharkiv region (Ukraine)","authors":"V. Darmostuk","doi":"10.25227/linbg.01141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25227/linbg.01141","url":null,"abstract":"Recent records of lichenicolous fungi from the Kharkiv region are provided. Twenty species were reported as new to the region. Pronectria gromakovae is described as a new species on Lecanora populicola. Didymocyrtis cladoniicola, D. epiphyscia, Epicladonia sandstedei, Katherinomyces cetrariae and Lichenoconium lichenicola are new to the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Physcia stellaris is reported as a new host species for Cladosporium licheniphilum. Notes on the currently known distribution of selected species in other Ukrainian regions are provided.","PeriodicalId":18037,"journal":{"name":"Lindbergia","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79417736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sphagnum majus (Russ.) C. Jens. is a rare dioecious peat moss in its southern range, and in particular, in southern Belgium (Wallonia). Based on original field observations and revision of herbarium material, the distribution of this species in Wallonia is revised and updated. Although it is the most common of the two subspecies, S. majus subsp. norvegicum is reported from Belgium for the first time.The two subspecies are easily differentiated in the field based on macroscopic features, but high levels of variability of microscopic features were observed between the two subspecies in some populations. Sphagnum majus has a very specific niche and is nearly restricted to lithalsas, which are threatened ecological environments in the context of global climatic warming. In Wallonia, male plants of Sphagnum majus subsp. norvegicum are more common than in northern Europe. Capsule production was, however, observed at only one location.
{"title":"Distribution, ecology, morphology and reproductive biology of Sphagnum majus in the south of its range (Hautes-Fagnes, Belgium)","authors":"A. Graulich","doi":"10.25227/linbg.01128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25227/linbg.01128","url":null,"abstract":"Sphagnum majus (Russ.) C. Jens. is a rare dioecious peat moss in its southern range, and in particular, in southern Belgium (Wallonia). Based on original field observations and revision of herbarium material, the distribution of this species in Wallonia is revised and updated. Although it is the most common of the two subspecies, S. majus subsp. norvegicum is reported from Belgium for the first time.The two subspecies are easily differentiated in the field based on macroscopic features, but high levels of variability of microscopic features were observed between the two subspecies in some populations. Sphagnum majus has a very specific niche and is nearly restricted to lithalsas, which are threatened ecological environments in the context of global climatic warming. In Wallonia, male plants of Sphagnum majus subsp. norvegicum are more common than in northern Europe. Capsule production was, however, observed at only one location.","PeriodicalId":18037,"journal":{"name":"Lindbergia","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90703485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The scariosus type of peristome and the bryoides peristome were considered by Pursell and Bruggeman-Nannenga to be diagnostic for subgen. Aloma and subgen. Fissidens respectively. Several later authors did not recognize these peristome types nor did they recognize subgen. Aloma. In a recent molecular study, however, subgen. Aloma emerges as a clade of equal rank to subgenus Fissidens. Based on this and on numerous observations of peristomes the scariosus- and bryoides-type peristome are retrieved from oblivion, compared to each other, re-described and illustrated.
{"title":"Fissidens subgen. Aloma, the scariosus- and bryoides-type of peristome in the light of the phylogenetic tree by Suzuki et al.","authors":"M. A. Bruggeman-Nannenga","doi":"10.25227/linbg.01137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25227/linbg.01137","url":null,"abstract":"The scariosus type of peristome and the bryoides peristome were considered by Pursell and Bruggeman-Nannenga to be diagnostic for subgen. Aloma and subgen. Fissidens respectively. Several later authors did not recognize these peristome types nor did they recognize subgen. Aloma. In a recent molecular study, however, subgen. Aloma emerges as a clade of equal rank to subgenus Fissidens. Based on this and on numerous observations of peristomes the scariosus- and bryoides-type peristome are retrieved from oblivion, compared to each other, re-described and illustrated.","PeriodicalId":18037,"journal":{"name":"Lindbergia","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80219249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hyperphyscia lucida (Physciaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), a new species from willow forests in the Biesbosch, the Netherlands","authors":"A. V. D. Pluijm","doi":"10.25227/linbg.01138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25227/linbg.01138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18037,"journal":{"name":"Lindbergia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82975773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of the population of Coscinodon horridus (J.Muñoz & H.Hespanhol) Hugonnot, R.D.Porley & Ignatov in France, a recently discovered species in Meygal (Haute-Loire). A total of 876 individuals (one cushion = one individual) were recorded amongst lava scree on three sucs (volcanic summits), of which 99.6% occur on a single summit. The detailed population counts provide an accurate base-line for future monitoring. Male plants are very rare and the sex-ratio is strongly biased towards females. Sporophytes are also very rare. Coscinodon horridus is a mountain species, strongly linked to harsh environments, mostly on steep exposed slopes of south–east aspect yet is predominately associated with sheltered niches that are protected from direct precipitation and insolation. Sheltered individuals tend to be vegetatively more robust than those growing in more exposed situations. The unique hairpoint anatomy of C. horridus, complex water relations and competitive interactions may explain the narrow niche that this species occupies. Due to the very small area of occupation in France and the low number of individuals, Coscinodon horridus is considered to be threatened in France and is classified as Endangered.
{"title":"Ecology, demography and conservation of Coscinodon horridus (J. Muñoz & H. Hespanhol) Hugonnot, R. D. Porley & Ignatov in France","authors":"V. Hugonnot, Ameline Guillet, R. Porley","doi":"10.25227/linbg.01134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25227/linbg.01134","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of the population of Coscinodon horridus (J.Muñoz & H.Hespanhol) Hugonnot, R.D.Porley & Ignatov in France, a recently discovered species in Meygal (Haute-Loire). A total of 876 individuals (one cushion = one individual) were recorded amongst lava scree on three sucs (volcanic summits), of which 99.6% occur on a single summit. The detailed population counts provide an accurate base-line for future monitoring. Male plants are very rare and the sex-ratio is strongly biased towards females. Sporophytes are also very rare. Coscinodon horridus is a mountain species, strongly linked to harsh environments, mostly on steep exposed slopes of south–east aspect yet is predominately associated with sheltered niches that are protected from direct precipitation and insolation. Sheltered individuals tend to be vegetatively more robust than those growing in more exposed situations. The unique hairpoint anatomy of C. horridus, complex water relations and competitive interactions may explain the narrow niche that this species occupies. Due to the very small area of occupation in France and the low number of individuals, Coscinodon horridus is considered to be threatened in France and is classified as Endangered.","PeriodicalId":18037,"journal":{"name":"Lindbergia","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81267335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Yazıcı, A. Aslan, A. Aptroot, J. Etayo, D. Karahan, H. Sipman
As a result of lichenological exploration in Bitlis province (Turkey), a total of 325 lichens and 21 lichenicolous fungi, which are belonging 113 genera in Ascomycota were determined from 92 different localities. Buellia vouauxii, a lichenicolous fungus, and is new to Turkey and also new for Asia. Aspicilia glomerulans, Llimoniella muralicola, Myriolecis invadens, Ochrolechia subviridis, Placynthium hungaricum and Placynthium posterulum were reported for the second time from Turkey. Collecting localities and their substrata are presented.
{"title":"Lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Bitlis province in Turkey","authors":"K. Yazıcı, A. Aslan, A. Aptroot, J. Etayo, D. Karahan, H. Sipman","doi":"10.25227/linbg.01126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25227/linbg.01126","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of lichenological exploration in Bitlis province (Turkey), a total of 325 lichens and 21 lichenicolous fungi, which are belonging 113 genera in Ascomycota were determined from 92 different localities. Buellia vouauxii, a lichenicolous fungus, and is new to Turkey and also new for Asia. Aspicilia glomerulans, Llimoniella muralicola, Myriolecis invadens, Ochrolechia subviridis, Placynthium hungaricum and Placynthium posterulum were reported for the second time from Turkey. Collecting localities and their substrata are presented.","PeriodicalId":18037,"journal":{"name":"Lindbergia","volume":"87 13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84036248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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