Self-adaptive systems are capable of changing their behaviour at runtime to meet target constraints. An important research question is how quality of service models can inform runtime adaptation. We sketch one solution to this question by application of control theory to improve performance of queued systems by means of architectural adaptation. Previous research by our group has shown how Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average techniques can be utilized to forecast how Quality of Service (QoS) characteristics are likely to evolve in the near future. This is particularly important in cases where systems can be adapted to counter QoS constraint violations. In this paper, we show how, given a similar type of QoS characteristic forecasts, strategies of architectural adaptation can be implemented that pre-emptively avoid QoS violations. The novelty of our approach is that we use classical control theory to ensure that our adaptation strategies are stable, in the sense that they do not oscillate between choices. We provide a description of how our control theoretic model can be implemented using context-based interception in .NET via model driven engineering.
{"title":"Model Driven Control","authors":"A. Akzhalova, N. Duzbayev, I. Poernomo","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2007.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2007.18","url":null,"abstract":"Self-adaptive systems are capable of changing their behaviour at runtime to meet target constraints. An important research question is how quality of service models can inform runtime adaptation. We sketch one solution to this question by application of control theory to improve performance of queued systems by means of architectural adaptation. Previous research by our group has shown how Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average techniques can be utilized to forecast how Quality of Service (QoS) characteristics are likely to evolve in the near future. This is particularly important in cases where systems can be adapted to counter QoS constraint violations. In this paper, we show how, given a similar type of QoS characteristic forecasts, strategies of architectural adaptation can be implemented that pre-emptively avoid QoS violations. The novelty of our approach is that we use classical control theory to ensure that our adaptation strategies are stable, in the sense that they do not oscillate between choices. We provide a description of how our control theoretic model can be implemented using context-based interception in .NET via model driven engineering.","PeriodicalId":181454,"journal":{"name":"2007 Eleventh International IEEE EDOC Conference Workshop","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121994935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collecting data on user activities is one of the fundamental middleware services in Web-enabled systems. The collected data is analyzed and used by various high-level services, like user profiling, accounting, security auditing, and system health monitoring. In this paper, we present architecture and performance evaluation of usage tracking components for service-oriented middleware systems. Presented middleware components are designed as loosely-coupled usage tracking services, which brings two important benefits. Usage tracking services can be seamlessly integrated with various service-oriented systems without disturbing their operation. Since usage tracking services are loosely-coupled, system users can dynamically deploy and manage multiple usage tracking configurations.
{"title":"Usage Tracking Components for Service-Oriented Middleware Systems","authors":"D. Skrobo, Klemo Vladimir, S. Srbljic","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2007.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2007.34","url":null,"abstract":"Collecting data on user activities is one of the fundamental middleware services in Web-enabled systems. The collected data is analyzed and used by various high-level services, like user profiling, accounting, security auditing, and system health monitoring. In this paper, we present architecture and performance evaluation of usage tracking components for service-oriented middleware systems. Presented middleware components are designed as loosely-coupled usage tracking services, which brings two important benefits. Usage tracking services can be seamlessly integrated with various service-oriented systems without disturbing their operation. Since usage tracking services are loosely-coupled, system users can dynamically deploy and manage multiple usage tracking configurations.","PeriodicalId":181454,"journal":{"name":"2007 Eleventh International IEEE EDOC Conference Workshop","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123981672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ISO/IEC international standard on the reference model of open distributed processing (RM-ODP) provides a framework for standardization of open distributed processing. It defines five viewpoints that provide a basis for the specification of distributed processing systems, but it does not provide generic rules on how viewpoints should be constructed. This paper proposes a generic viewpoint in RM-ODP that specifies how viewpoints should be constructed in general. Specific viewpoints can be developed by customizing the generic viewpoint. In this way, viewpoints can be defined in a more concise and harmonized way. User communities can also define viewpoints not currently defined by RM-ODP in a systematic way.
{"title":"Proposal for Defining a Generic Viewpoint in RM-ODP","authors":"Takahiro Yamada","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2007.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2007.26","url":null,"abstract":"The ISO/IEC international standard on the reference model of open distributed processing (RM-ODP) provides a framework for standardization of open distributed processing. It defines five viewpoints that provide a basis for the specification of distributed processing systems, but it does not provide generic rules on how viewpoints should be constructed. This paper proposes a generic viewpoint in RM-ODP that specifies how viewpoints should be constructed in general. Specific viewpoints can be developed by customizing the generic viewpoint. In this way, viewpoints can be defined in a more concise and harmonized way. User communities can also define viewpoints not currently defined by RM-ODP in a systematic way.","PeriodicalId":181454,"journal":{"name":"2007 Eleventh International IEEE EDOC Conference Workshop","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127754462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Open Distributed Processing Reference Model (ODP-RM) provides viewpoints and abstract infrastructure guidelines that can be used for a basis for enterprise architecture, especially for an inter-enterprise architecture. The ODP-RM does not prescribe methodology for modeling itself, but provides common vocabulary and focus for description. This paper performs a brief analysis of the ODP-RM (and Pilarcos extensions to it) in terms of defining enterprise architecture. Special attention is given to potential to provide support for consistency enforcing between viewpoints, analysis of model properties, and interaction between business and technology needs.
{"title":"Using the ODP reference model for Enterprise Architecture","authors":"L. Kutvonen","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2007.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2007.35","url":null,"abstract":"The Open Distributed Processing Reference Model (ODP-RM) provides viewpoints and abstract infrastructure guidelines that can be used for a basis for enterprise architecture, especially for an inter-enterprise architecture. The ODP-RM does not prescribe methodology for modeling itself, but provides common vocabulary and focus for description. This paper performs a brief analysis of the ODP-RM (and Pilarcos extensions to it) in terms of defining enterprise architecture. Special attention is given to potential to provide support for consistency enforcing between viewpoints, analysis of model properties, and interaction between business and technology needs.","PeriodicalId":181454,"journal":{"name":"2007 Eleventh International IEEE EDOC Conference Workshop","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115812179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper shows an example of non-functional requirements and its propagation to reification using the Use of UML for ODP system specification standard (UML for ODP). As an example of non-functional requirements, sample security requirements are taken and its specifications in UML using UML for ODP for all five RM-ODP viewpoints are illustrated. In addition, the traceability of security aspects between those specifications are denoted using correspondence Profile defined in UML for ODP.
本文展示了一个非功能需求的例子，并使用UML for ODP系统规范标准(UML for ODP)将其传播到具体化。作为一个非功能需求的例子，本文采用了示例安全性需求，并说明了它在UML中的规范，使用UML for ODP对所有五个RM-ODP视点进行了说明。此外，这些规范之间的安全方面的可追溯性是使用在ODP的UML中定义的对应概要文件来表示的。
{"title":"Study on representation of security aspects in each viewpoint using UML for ODP","authors":"Hiroshi Miyazaki, Akira Tanaka","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2007.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2007.31","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows an example of non-functional requirements and its propagation to reification using the Use of UML for ODP system specification standard (UML for ODP). As an example of non-functional requirements, sample security requirements are taken and its specifications in UML using UML for ODP for all five RM-ODP viewpoints are illustrated. In addition, the traceability of security aspects between those specifications are denoted using correspondence Profile defined in UML for ODP.","PeriodicalId":181454,"journal":{"name":"2007 Eleventh International IEEE EDOC Conference Workshop","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116815136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Privacy helps to establish personal autonomy and create individualism. Privacy is a state or condition of limited access to a person. In particular, information privacy relates to an individual's right to determine how, when, and to what extent information about the self will be released to another person or to an organization. It can be said that privacy is a much broader concept than security; privacy protection is based on security protection. Security may enable privacy protection from authorized access, but security alone cannot provide privacy. Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) has recently gained a lot of attention both in industry and academic areas. However, its characteristics can not be easily solved using existing distributed computing technologies. The composition and interaction issues have been the central concerns because service-oriented applications are composed of autonomous, heterogeneous, and distributed processes. Middleware is thus proposed to serve as a solution to manage and provision service-oriented applications. Middleware is computer software that connects software components or applications in a distributed environment. Middleware includes different systems to support application development and delivery such as Web servers, application servers, and content management systems. To tackle the complexity of the interactions among services from various organizations, complex process requirements can be decomposed into different types of information flows, such as control, and data. This talk will give an overview of the research on privacy issues in this context and discuss the future research directions.
{"title":"Privacy Issues in Middleware for Service-oriented Applications","authors":"P. Hung","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2007.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2007.25","url":null,"abstract":"Privacy helps to establish personal autonomy and create individualism. Privacy is a state or condition of limited access to a person. In particular, information privacy relates to an individual's right to determine how, when, and to what extent information about the self will be released to another person or to an organization. It can be said that privacy is a much broader concept than security; privacy protection is based on security protection. Security may enable privacy protection from authorized access, but security alone cannot provide privacy. Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) has recently gained a lot of attention both in industry and academic areas. However, its characteristics can not be easily solved using existing distributed computing technologies. The composition and interaction issues have been the central concerns because service-oriented applications are composed of autonomous, heterogeneous, and distributed processes. Middleware is thus proposed to serve as a solution to manage and provision service-oriented applications. Middleware is computer software that connects software components or applications in a distributed environment. Middleware includes different systems to support application development and delivery such as Web servers, application servers, and content management systems. To tackle the complexity of the interactions among services from various organizations, complex process requirements can be decomposed into different types of information flows, such as control, and data. This talk will give an overview of the research on privacy issues in this context and discuss the future research directions.","PeriodicalId":181454,"journal":{"name":"2007 Eleventh International IEEE EDOC Conference Workshop","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125564528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ODP reference model is one of a number of specification frameworks which are based on the definition of a set of viewpoints that are coupled together by the definition of correspondences between terms. Wherever a correspondence is declared, any real world entity that is represented by a term in one viewpoint must also satisfy the requirements placed by the occurrence of the corresponding term in the other viewpoint. Although this idea represents an intuitively simple and satisfying way of talking about the design of complex systems, the idea of a correspondence is not as simple as it might, at first sight, appear. This paper uses simple examples to illustrate some of the complexities resulting from the coupling of object models and examines the consequences for claims of conformance to the complete system of specifications.
{"title":"Black Cats and Coloured Birds What do Viewpoint Correspondences Do?","authors":"P. Linington","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2007.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2007.7","url":null,"abstract":"The ODP reference model is one of a number of specification frameworks which are based on the definition of a set of viewpoints that are coupled together by the definition of correspondences between terms. Wherever a correspondence is declared, any real world entity that is represented by a term in one viewpoint must also satisfy the requirements placed by the occurrence of the corresponding term in the other viewpoint. Although this idea represents an intuitively simple and satisfying way of talking about the design of complex systems, the idea of a correspondence is not as simple as it might, at first sight, appear. This paper uses simple examples to illustrate some of the complexities resulting from the coupling of object models and examines the consequences for claims of conformance to the complete system of specifications.","PeriodicalId":181454,"journal":{"name":"2007 Eleventh International IEEE EDOC Conference Workshop","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116117716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Requirements modeling has been recently introduced in the UML world with the form of a new profile called SysML. This paper explores the possibility to link concepts used to describe requirements with those of the enterprise language of RM-ODP. Some correspondence rules are proposed and illustrated on a case study.
{"title":"Linking Requirements To Enterprise Viewpoint Specifications Using Correspondence Rules","authors":"B. Traverson","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2007.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2007.16","url":null,"abstract":"Requirements modeling has been recently introduced in the UML world with the form of a new profile called SysML. This paper explores the possibility to link concepts used to describe requirements with those of the enterprise language of RM-ODP. Some correspondence rules are proposed and illustrated on a case study.","PeriodicalId":181454,"journal":{"name":"2007 Eleventh International IEEE EDOC Conference Workshop","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131568773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many Web services are expected to run with high degree of security and dependability. To achieve this goal, it is essential to use a Web-services compatible framework that tolerates not only crash faults, but Byzantine faults as well, due to the untrusted communication environment in which the Web services operate. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of such a framework, called BFT-WS. BFT-WS is designed to operate on top of the standard SOAP messaging framework for maximum interoperability. It is implemented as a pluggable module within the Axis2 architecture, as such, it requires minimum changes to the Web applications. The core fault tolerance mechanisms used in BFT-WS are based on the well-known Castro and Liskov's BFT algorithm for optimal efficiency. Our performance measurements confirm that BFT-WS incurs only moderate runtime overhead considering the complexity of the mechanisms.
{"title":"BFT-WS: A Byzantine Fault Tolerance Framework for Web Services","authors":"Wenbing Zhao","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2007.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2007.6","url":null,"abstract":"Many Web services are expected to run with high degree of security and dependability. To achieve this goal, it is essential to use a Web-services compatible framework that tolerates not only crash faults, but Byzantine faults as well, due to the untrusted communication environment in which the Web services operate. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of such a framework, called BFT-WS. BFT-WS is designed to operate on top of the standard SOAP messaging framework for maximum interoperability. It is implemented as a pluggable module within the Axis2 architecture, as such, it requires minimum changes to the Web applications. The core fault tolerance mechanisms used in BFT-WS are based on the well-known Castro and Liskov's BFT algorithm for optimal efficiency. Our performance measurements confirm that BFT-WS incurs only moderate runtime overhead considering the complexity of the mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":181454,"journal":{"name":"2007 Eleventh International IEEE EDOC Conference Workshop","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115899082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haiqin Wang, Guijun Wang, Changzhou Wang, Alice Chen, Rodolfo A. Santiago
We developed a quality of service (QoS) management system to support service level management (SLM) for global enterprise services. The QoS management system is integrated with one of our enterprise services in a preproduction system, an identical system as the production system but in a test environment. Lab experiments showed that our integrated solution helps global enterprise services to better maintain the service level agreements. Test results have validated our architecture design and integration approach. This paper describes our QoS management architecture and its integration within the enterprise service system with a focus on QoS monitoring, diagnostics and adaptation. We will also present the validation test results as a case study in this paper.
{"title":"Service Level Management in Global Enterprise Services: from QoS Monitoring and Diagnostics to Adaptation, a Case Study","authors":"Haiqin Wang, Guijun Wang, Changzhou Wang, Alice Chen, Rodolfo A. Santiago","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2007.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2007.29","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a quality of service (QoS) management system to support service level management (SLM) for global enterprise services. The QoS management system is integrated with one of our enterprise services in a preproduction system, an identical system as the production system but in a test environment. Lab experiments showed that our integrated solution helps global enterprise services to better maintain the service level agreements. Test results have validated our architecture design and integration approach. This paper describes our QoS management architecture and its integration within the enterprise service system with a focus on QoS monitoring, diagnostics and adaptation. We will also present the validation test results as a case study in this paper.","PeriodicalId":181454,"journal":{"name":"2007 Eleventh International IEEE EDOC Conference Workshop","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116201169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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