Magyar onkologia最新文献

Lung cancer has a high incidence and mortality throughout the world. For a long time no screening methods were available that could detect early, operable lung cancers, and could significantly lower mortality. The NLST trial, published in 2013, and the NELSON trial in 2019 both proved that low-dose CT lung cancer screening in a targeted group of at-risk people lowers long-term mortality significantly. In parallel to, or following these studies pilot programs were started in several European countries, including Hungary. In this article different European approaches are presented, when available including the results thereof.

In Hungary, there is no actual ovarian cancer guideline, despite this disease being the most lethal gynaecologic cancer. An expert panel was created by the Hungarian Society of Gynaecologic Oncologists to prepare a recommendation for the reatment of ovarian cancer patients. This multidisciplinary expert group worked together during the first trimester of 2022 using the guidelines and recommendations of the European Society of Gynaecologic Oncologists (ESGO) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and created the updated recommendations. This paper presents the recommended surgical and medical treatment of early, advanced stage and recurrent ovarian cancer.

We investigated the activity and inhibition of mTOR and other metabolic pathways with their clinical significance in human breast tumors (using ten cell lines and nearly a hundred biopsy samples).Based on our results, the metabolic and mTOR inhibitor treatments showed a moderate tumor growth inhibitory effect in the cell lines subtype independently, which indicates tumor cell and tissue adaptation. Providing human tissue samples, we found a subtype independent correlation between high mTOR activity and protein expression characterizing alternative metabolic pathways with increased expression and the poor prognosis of breast tumors. Breast tumors are characterized by metabolic heterogeneity and significant metabolic plasticity, which can be targeted by combining anti-metabolic treatments and new therapies. Concerning these, an immunohistochemical evaluation (IHC panel) can be recommended, which is suitable for both metabolic plasticity evaluation and recognition of cases that may require stricter follow-up or metabolic targeted therapy due to the expected poor prognosis.

The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of women in Hungary who underwent gynecological cytological examinations either as part of a screening test or diagnostic examinations. Data derived from the nationwide financing database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Management and covered the period 2008-2021. We analyzed both diagnostic and screening cytological tests. The number of diagnostic tests has decreased. The number of patients per 10,000 female inhabitants in 2021 was a national average of 840. The highest rate was observed in the counties of Hajdú-Bihar (1464/10,000 female inhabitants), Tolna (1443) and Baranya (1254). In screening, the number of cytological tests is lower compared to smearing. The annual participation rate decreased from 28% to 17%. The number of patients and the participation rate of diagnostic cytology examinations decreased during the examined period. The added value of screening cytology is moderate, the willingness to participate is low, falling short of the expected value.

The aim of our study is to analyze the participation indicators of screening rounds Nr. 6-10 (2012-2021) of the organized nationwide mammography screening program. Data derived from the nationwide financing database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Management and covered the period 2012-2021. We analyzed both diagnostic and screening mammography examinations. Between 2012 and 2019 the coverage (screening and diagnostic mammography) varied between 48.1-51.5, which decreased to 31.8% in 2020-2021. Within total coverage, the organized screening rate declined from 30.3-31.2 to 20.0, while the diagnostic mammography rate decreased from 17.7-20.7% to 11.8%. We can conclude that the number of both the diagnostic and screening mammography declined. In order to reduce the mortality of breast cancer, participation rate of mammography screening program should be increased.

Evaluation of cancer incidence and mortality is essential for the design and development of oncology networks. In Hungary the population-based epidemiological data collection in oncology is executed by the Hungarian National Cancer Registry, whilst, mortality statistics are compiled by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. In this review, Hungarian cancer epidemiology of 2010s was presented, using population- based morbidity and mortality data, and positioning the country in European cancer statistics. According to GLOBOCAN estimations, Hungary suffers from the highest cancer incidence and mortality rates in Europe. We have reported a steady increase in the number of new cases, while mortality stagnated. Lung and colorectal cancers showed the highest incidence, which was followed by breast cancer. These three malignancies are responsible for almost half of the cancer-related deaths. Improving the quality of population- based disease registries, such as the Hungarian Cancer Registry, requires wide and extensive multidisciplinary collaborative work from many stakeholders.

Tumour cell invasion is the first step in metastasis, during which cells are able to infiltrate surrounding tissues. We aimed to investigate genetic and epigenetic differences associated with the invasiveness in melanoma. To determine the invasiveness of cells, we used Matrigel invasion chamber. Genetic analyses were performed by array CGH, DNA methylation was assessed by Illumina array, gene expression changes were determined by Affymetrix array. Our results showed significantly higher copy numbers of GDNF, GPAA1, PLEC and SHARPIN genes in invasive cells compared to non-invasive ones. We observed that the invasive cells were characterized by a hypermethylated pattern. Most of the hypermethylated genes were associated with decreased expression, however, increased gene expression was observed for EGFR and RBP4 genes with hypermethylation extending into the gene body. Hypermethylation of the ARHGAP22 and NAV2 genes characterized invasive cells and melanoma metastasis samples. Our results point to the hypermethylation pattern of invasive cells, which may be related to the invasive property.

The aim of our study is to analyse the participation indicators of colorectal cancer screening between 2008-2021. Data derived from the nationwide financing database of the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund Management. We analysed both diagnostic and screening examinations. According to our results, the screening rate was low, varying between 5.1-6.8% in the years examined. Between 2008 and 2019, the number of participating patients increased slightly. The highest number of patients can be observed in 2019 (178,568 people). In 2020 and 2021, we see a significant decrease, which is a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the number of patients of the entire examined period (2,233,963 people, 938,223 men, 1,295,740 women), the largest proportion was fecal blood detection by immunochemical method (OENO code: 22631). In 2021, at the county level, the highest number of patients can be seen in Csongrád-Csanád county (994 patients/10,000 people), and the least in Békés county (218 patients/10,000 people). The participation rate of women is higher than that of men in all counties. Participation in colorectal screening is very low. In order to prevent colorectal cancer death, it is necessary to increase the participation rate.

Prostate cancer is one of the most significant cancers among men. In addition to epidemiological and etiological data, this summary provides a description of the most important features of prostate specific antigen, used most, and other markers that can make easier to diagnose the disease. It presents the major international and Hungarian studies dealing with prostate cancer screening, including the economic aspects. Genetic tests, DNA- and RNAbased biomarkers are gaining more and more space, they can even help us in screening and avoiding overdiagnosis. The main goal of the future researches should be to develop methods that can be used to detect prostate cancer at an early, curable stage.

Skin melanoma is not among malignancies with the highest incidences and mortalities worldwide; however, the observed constant increase in newly diagnosed cases is troublesome. According to the database of the Hungarian Cancer Registry, the number of newly reported cases doubled between 2001 and 2019, which is consistent with international data. Notwithstanding, within the same interval, Hungarian mortality did not change significantly according to the database of the Hungarian Statistical Office, which is in contrast to international trends. The increasing incidence together with unchanging mortality resulted in better survival rates and hence more favorable follow-up data in our country. Advancements in secondary prevention programs and better efficacy of modern therapeutic interventions in the last decade may have contributed to the observed improvement in the survival rates of Hungarian melanoma patients.