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Phylogenetic placement and molecular dating of hammerhead sharks (Sphyrnidae) based on whole mitogenomes 基于全有丝分裂基因组的双髻鲨(锤头鲨科)系统发育定位和分子定年
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2194060
D.L. Grobler, J. Klein, J. Quattro, N. Bolaño-Martínez, R. Bennett, A. Bester-van der Merwe
ABSTRACT Due to continued overexploitation and anthropogenic change, hammerhead sharks (Carcharhiniformes: Sphyrnidae) have experienced drastic declines over most of their geographic range. Owing to the K-selected life histories of these sharks, their population resilience and persistence, remain severely strained, further compromising ecosystem stability. Moreover, some species are largely understudied e.g. the cryptic congener, the Carolina hammerhead shark (Sphyrna gilberti), whilst specific regions, such as the South-West Indian Ocean (SWIO), remain relatively devoid of data, risking the eventual extirpation of unique hammerhead shark lineages. The aim of the present study was to verify the phylogenetic placement of the cryptic S. gilberti within the family Sphyrnidae through the inclusion of underrepresented species sequences in order to provide a more comprehensive phylogenetic perspective for understanding historical drivers of Sphyrnidae biodiversity. The present study describes the first complete mitochondrial genome of the cryptic S. gilberti originating from the US Atlantic, as well as the mitogenomes of smooth hammerhead shark (Sphyrna zygaena) and scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) samples originating from the data deficient South-West Indian Ocean (SWIO). Furthermore, we estimate the phylogenetic interrelationships of the Sphyrnidae family using mitochondrial protein-coding (PCG) and rRNA genes, reaffirming the placement of S. gilberti as a sister lineage to S. lewini. The resulting phylogenetic estimate is further used to evaluate the most likely age of the first occurrence of S. gilberti, corresponding to the Late Miocene to Early Pleiocene Epoch (3.8–10.8 million years ago). Comparative analysis of these Sphyrnids between ocean basins, as well as preliminary divergence estimates for S. lewini and S. gilberti has contributed towards resolving the global hammerhead phylogeny. This has provided unique insights into the evolution of the genus, thereby aiding future efforts directed towards effective conservation and management of hammerhead populations over a larger spatial scale.
由于持续的过度捕捞和人为变化,双髻鲨(锤头鲨目:锤头鲨科)在其大部分地理分布范围内急剧减少。由于这些鲨鱼的k选择生活史,它们的种群恢复力和持久性仍然严重紧张,进一步损害了生态系统的稳定性。此外,一些物种在很大程度上没有得到充分的研究,例如隐秘的同系物,卡罗莱纳双髻鲨(Sphyrna gilberti),而特定地区,如西南印度洋(SWIO),仍然相对缺乏数据,有可能最终灭绝独特的双髻鲨血统。本研究的目的是通过纳入代表性不足的物种序列,验证隐种S. gilberti在蛛科中的系统发育位置,为理解蛛科生物多样性的历史驱动因素提供更全面的系统发育视角。本研究描述了来自美国大西洋的隐型S. gilberti的第一个完整线粒体基因组,以及来自数据缺乏的西南印度洋(SWIO)的光滑双髻鲨(Sphyrna zygaena)和扇贝双髻鲨(Sphyrna lewini)样本的有丝分裂基因组。此外,我们利用线粒体蛋白编码(PCG)和rRNA基因估计了Sphyrnidae家族的系统发育相互关系,重申了S. gilberti作为S. lewini的姐妹谱系的位置。由此得出的系统发育估计进一步用于评估S. gilberti最可能首次出现的年龄,对应于中新世晚期至更新世早期(380万至1080万年前)。对这些双髻鲨在海洋盆地间的比较分析,以及对S. lewini和S. gilberti的初步分化估计,有助于解决全球双髻鲨系统发育问题。这为双髻鲨属的进化提供了独特的见解,从而有助于未来在更大的空间尺度上对双髻鲨种群进行有效的保护和管理。
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引用次数: 0
Filling gaps in the life history of the snapping shrimp Alpheus petronioi: morphology of the first post-embryonic stages reared in laboratory 填补岩尖跳虾生活史上的空白:实验室饲养的胚胎后第一阶段的形态学
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2173782
R. A. Pescinelli, R. C. Costa
ABSTRACT Larval characteristics play an important role in life history, phylogenetic and systematic studies. The morphology of the first post-embryonic stages (zoeae I–III) of the snapping shrimp Alpheus petronioi were described in detail and illustrated based on laboratory-hatched larvae. The morphological characteristics of the species were compared with available descriptions of other Alpheus species with known first zoeal stages. We provided a combination of characteristics useful for the diagnosis of the early zoeal stages of A. petronioi. The species can be separated from the first zoeal stage of the other species of the genus using the following structures: basial endite of maxillule with 2 stout spines (both without rows of spinules), and 2 small plumose setae; endopod of maxillule with 1 terminal denticulate seta, 1 short terminal simple seta and 1 subterminal spine; basial endite of maxilla bilobed, with 4 and 5 simple setae on proximal and distal lobe, respectively and basis of second maxilliped with 5 (3 strong and 2 slender) simple setae arranged (2 + 2 + 1). This is the first study on the biology of A. petronioi after its description, adding new information on its life history.
幼虫特征在生命史、系统发育和系统研究中起着重要作用。根据实验室孵化的幼虫,详细描述并说明了岩羊角虾胚胎后第一阶段(zoeae I–III)的形态。将该物种的形态特征与其他已知第一阶段的Alpheus物种的现有描述进行了比较。我们提供了一个有用的特征组合,以诊断早期的岩耳a.zoeal阶段。该物种可以使用以下结构从该属其他物种的第一个胚胎期中分离出来:上颌骨的基序茎,有2个粗壮的刺(都没有成排的刺),和2个小的羽状刚毛;上颌骨内足具1顶生细齿刚毛,1短顶生单刚毛和1顶下棘;上颌骨的基端,近叶和远叶分别有4和5个简单刚毛,第二上颌骨的基底有5个(3个强壮和2个细长)简单刚毛排列(2 + 2. + 1) 。这是对岩石A.petronioi进行描述后的首次生物学研究,为其生命史增添了新的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Recent spread of non-indigenous ascidians (Chordata: Tunicata) in Icelandic harbours 最近非土著海鞘在冰岛港口的传播(合唱:Tunicata)
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2176882
J. Micael, A. Ramos-Esplá, Pedro Rodrigues, S. Gíslason
ABSTRACT Global shipping facilitates the introduction of fouling organisms to new geographic areas. The increase in maritime transport in recent decades has led to unprecedented development, where marine coastal waters have become one of the most invaded habitats around the globe. Among the most successful invaders are ascidians. Despite the geographic and oceanographic isolation of Iceland, it is far from being excluded as a recipient region. Ascidians have successfully been able to establish stable populations in Iceland that are slowly expanding around the SW region. Here we report the first record of Ascidiella scabra in Icelandic waters, and the spread of seven non-indigenous ascidians across the S-SW Icelandic harbours. We compare their relative abundances to our survey from 2018. The bulk of these ascidians is not only present in the temperate Atlantic Ocean, but also in the Northwest Pacific and temperate Australasia, revealing that global homogenization of the ascidiofauna is emerging in anthropized coastal areas. The rising of sea surface temperature, driven by climate change, is likely to continue to support the development of this scenario leading to biodiversity loss, which could endanger living resources with severe economic impacts.
摘要全球航运促进了污染生物进入新的地理区域。近几十年来,海上运输的增加带来了前所未有的发展,海洋沿海水域已成为全球入侵最严重的栖息地之一。腹水是最成功的入侵者之一。尽管冰岛在地理和海洋上与世隔绝,但它并没有被排除在接受区域之外。Ascidians已经成功地在冰岛建立了稳定的种群,这些种群正在西南地区缓慢扩张。在这里,我们报道了在冰岛水域首次记录到的粗糙腹水杆菌,以及七种非本土腹水杆菌在冰岛西南部港口的传播。我们将它们的相对丰度与2018年的调查进行了比较。这些海鞘的大部分不仅存在于温带大西洋,也存在于西北太平洋和温带澳大拉西亚,这表明海鞘动物群的全球同质化正在人为化的沿海地区出现。气候变化导致的海面温度上升可能会继续支持这种情况的发展,导致生物多样性丧失,这可能会危及生物资源,并产生严重的经济影响。
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引用次数: 1
Bioengineering by the alien false mussel Mytilopsis sallei (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) affects small-scale distribution pattern of benthic macroinvertebrates in an estuarine system 外来假贻贝Mytilopsis sallei的生物工程影响河口系统中底栖大型无脊椎动物的小规模分布模式
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2169465
Lutfee Hayeewachi, Eknarin Rodcharoen, Kringpaka Wangkulangkul
ABSTRACT The false mussel Mytilopsis sallei (Récluz, 1849) invaded the Songkhla Lagoon System in southern Thailand more than two decades ago. The false mussel forms dense beds, creating three-dimensional habitat structures on soft substrata which harbour a myriad of organisms. We compare a community of benthic macroinvertebrates in a habitat modified by M. sallei with a community in an unmodified habitat. The study focused on a canal feeding into the southern end of the lagoon system and covered three seasons (north-east monsoon season, dry season and south-west monsoon season) in a 12-month period. A total of 26 taxa were present in the modified habitat and 22 in the unmodified habitat. In the modified habitat, abundances of other byssally attached bivalves, flatworms and some species of amphipods were more than an order of magnitude greater than abundances in the unmodified habitat. Differences in the community composition between habitats were observed but were dependent on sampling location and time. Although the modified habitat hosted greater numbers of species and individuals in most comparisons, the Shannon–Wiener index and Pielou's evenness index were lower for this habitat as it tended to be dominated by a few taxa. The results highlight the role of M. sallei as a habitat engineer that promotes species richness and abundance of some benthic macroinvertebrates. Nonetheless, temporal variation in environmental drivers, especially salinity, might also be important in determining biodiversity in the studied estuarine system.
摘要20多年前,假贻贝Mytilopsis sallei(Récluz,1849)入侵了泰国南部的宋克拉泻湖系统。假贻贝形成了密集的海床,在柔软的海床上形成了三维的栖息地结构,海床上有无数的生物。我们比较了M.sallei改造的栖息地中的底栖大型无脊椎动物群落和未经改造的栖息地的群落。这项研究的重点是一条流入泻湖系统南端的运河,在12个月的时间里涵盖了三个季节(东北季风季节、旱季和西南季风季节)。改良栖息地共有26个分类群,未改良栖息地有22个分类群。在改良后的栖息地中,其他附带的双壳类、扁虫和某些种片脚类的丰度比未改良栖息地的丰度高出一个数量级以上。观察到栖息地之间群落组成的差异,但这取决于采样地点和时间。尽管在大多数比较中,改良后的栖息地拥有更多的物种和个体,但该栖息地的Shannon–Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数较低,因为它往往由少数类群主导。研究结果突出了M.sallei作为栖息地工程师的作用,促进了一些底栖大型无脊椎动物的物种丰富度和丰度。尽管如此,环境驱动因素的时间变化,特别是盐度,可能对确定所研究河口系统的生物多样性也很重要。
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引用次数: 0
Diversity and seasonal prevalence of starch hydrolysing, phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen-fixing bacterial groups of rooted and un-rooted regions of tropical mangrove sediments of Sundarbans, West Bengal, India 印度西孟加拉邦孙德尔本斯热带红树林有根区和无根区沉积物中淀粉水解、磷酸盐溶解和固氮细菌群的多样性和季节性流行
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2174263
Souvik Bag, Basanta Sarkar, M. Seal, A. Chatterjee, Ayan Mondal, S. Chatterjee
ABSTRACT The Sundarbans mangrove is a transitional zone between terrestrial land and sea, a unique location in our global geography. This study identifies the richness and population dynamics of bacterial populations along different seasons in the rooted and unrooted regions of soil sediments in Sundarbans, West Bengal. Throughout the year, bacterial populations were higher in the rooted sediment zone, than the unrooted area. The rooted zone contains more silt and clay but the unrooted zone harbours more silty, sandy soil. Salinity is lower in the unrooted zone. The heterotrophic bacterial populations were higher than other types of bacteria in both regions irrespective of seasonal variation. The results revealed that the most varied seasons were the monsoon season in the rooted and unrooted sediment region. The changes identified in this study were most likely due to variances in the microhabitat associated with mangrove root, physicochemical parameters and seasonal fluctuations.
孙德尔本斯红树林是陆地和海洋之间的过渡地带,在我们的全球地理中是一个独特的位置。这项研究确定了西孟加拉邦孙德尔本斯土壤沉积物根区和未根区不同季节细菌种群的丰富度和种群动态。全年中,有根沉积物区的细菌数量高于无根沉积物区。生根区含有更多的淤泥和粘土,但未生根区则含有更多的粉砂质土壤。未敷设区域的盐度较低。无论季节变化如何,这两个地区的异养细菌种群都高于其他类型的细菌。结果表明,在有根和无根沉积物区,季风季节变化最大。本研究中确定的变化很可能是由于与红树林根、物理化学参数和季节波动相关的微生境的变化。
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引用次数: 1
Concentrations of phthalate esters on Indian Ocean silky sharks and their long-term dietary consumption risks 印度洋丝鲨的邻苯二甲酸酯浓度及其长期饮食风险
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2173783
Minghu Wang, Chih-Feng Chen, Frank Paolo Jay B. Albarico, Wen-Pei Tsai, Chiu-wen Chen, C. Dong
ABSTRACT Phthalate esters (PAEs) are emerging pollutants commonly found in plastic products. Thus, increasing plastic pollution in the marine environment amplify their entry and potential impacts on aquatic species. Likewise, pollutants may accumulate in top predators such as sharks and are highly consumed in many countries. Therefore, this study evaluated the concentrations of 10 PAEs plasticizers in commercially important Indian Ocean silky sharks Carcharhinus falciformis and their toxicity risks in children and adults. Results showed the concentrations of ΣPAEs in shark muscle ranging between 5,402–34,577 ng/g ww. PAEs in silky shark muscles appeared to be six times higher in locations near the coasts (islands) with higher anthropogenic impacts. Low molecular weight PAEs like DMP and DnBP dominated PAEs in shark muscle tissues. Moreover, the PAE levels in shark muscles did not significantly increase with length and weight, indicating their relative impacts in all shark sizes. For the estimate of the daily intakes (EDI), the DEHP was 32 μg/kg bw/day in preschool children and 23 μg/kg bw/day in adults (the DEHP Reference Dose (RfD) of 20 μg/kg bw/day). Toxicity risk assessment showed unacceptable levels indicating long-term dietary risks for consumers.
邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是塑料制品中常见的新兴污染物。因此,海洋环境中不断增加的塑料污染扩大了它们的进入和对水生物种的潜在影响。同样,污染物可能会积聚在鲨鱼等顶级捕食者体内,并在许多国家被大量消耗。因此,本研究评估了10种PAEs增塑剂在具有重要商业价值的印度洋绢鲨(Carcharhinus falciformis)体内的浓度及其对儿童和成人的毒性风险。结果显示,ΣPAEs在鲨鱼肌肉中的浓度在5402 ~ 34577 ng/g ww之间。在靠近海岸(岛屿)、受人类活动影响较大的地区,丝鲨肌肉中的PAEs含量似乎高出六倍。低分子量PAEs如DMP和DnBP在鲨鱼肌肉组织中占主导地位。此外,鲨鱼肌肉中的PAE水平并没有随着长度和体重的增加而显著增加,这表明它们对所有体型的鲨鱼都有相对影响。对于每日摄入量(EDI)的估计,学龄前儿童DEHP为32 μg/kg体重/天,成人DEHP参考剂量(RfD)为20 μg/kg体重/天)为23 μg/kg体重/天。毒性风险评估显示不可接受的水平表明消费者的长期饮食风险。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of elevated pCO2 on the response of coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to prolonged darkness pCO2升高对huxleyi球石藻对长时间黑暗响应的影响
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2169463
L. Gao, Zhongjian Huang, Z. Zhong, Xiaomeng Shi, Xing Chang, Yuhong Sun, Nuoyan Zhang, Ning Zou, Shanying Tong
ABSTRACT Although numerous studies have examined the responses of coccolithophores to ocean acidification, less is known on the fate of those calcifying organisms when they sink to the ocean’s aphotic regions. In this study, the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi was first grown under a regular 12/12 light/dark cycle at 20°C, exposed to both high (1000 μatm) and ambient CO2 (410 μatm) levels. The cultures were then transferred to continuous darkness for 96 h at 20°C or 16°C. We found that elevated CO2 decreased the specific growth rate while increasing the cellular particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) contents and the POC/PON ratio of E. huxleyi in the light/dark period. After 96 h of dark acclimation, the cell abundance decreased more obviously at 20°C than at 16°C but showed no significant difference between the two CO2 treatments. The decrease in volumetric POC concentration was most prominent in the high CO2/20°C treatment and least in the ambient CO2/16°C treatment. At 16°C, the PON concentration increased in the high CO2 cultures and exhibited no change in the ambient CO2 cultures. While at 20°C, the PON concentration decreased significantly both under high and ambient CO2 conditions. The final POC/PON ratio showed no significant differences among the different temperature and CO2 treatments. Overall, a higher percentage of POC relative to that of PON was lost in darkness with increasing CO2 concentration, with potential implications for the ocean’s nutrient cycle.
尽管许多研究已经研究了球石藻对海洋酸化的反应,但对于这些钙化生物沉入海洋无氧区后的命运却知之甚少。本研究首先在20°C的12/12光/暗循环条件下生长,暴露于高(1000 μatm)和环境CO2 (410 μatm)环境中。然后将培养物在20°C或16°C下连续黑暗96 h。结果表明,CO2浓度升高降低了赫胥氏菌的特定生长率,增加了细胞颗粒有机碳(POC)和氮(PON)含量以及POC/PON比值。经过96 h的暗驯化,细胞丰度在20°C下比16°C下下降更明显,但两种CO2处理间差异不显著。在高CO2/20°C处理中,体积POC浓度的下降最为显著,在环境CO2/16°C处理中最小。在16°C时,PON浓度在高CO2培养中增加,而在环境CO2培养中没有变化。而在20°C时,高CO2和环境CO2条件下PON浓度均显著下降。最终POC/PON比值在不同温度和CO2处理间无显著差异。总的来说,随着二氧化碳浓度的增加,在黑暗中,相对于PON, POC的损失比例更高,这对海洋的营养循环有潜在的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Exposure at low tide leads to a different microbial abundance of intertidal coral Acropora pulchra 低潮时暴露导致潮间带珊瑚的微生物丰度不同
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2169464
Dining Nika Alina, Rita Rachmawati, N. Zamani, H. Madduppa
ABSTRACT Corals thrive in symbiotic relationships with a variety of microorganisms, including endosymbiont algae. The interaction between coral and microbial associations has been extensively researched since it is thought to play a function in coral health. Temperature and light are two abiotic elements that contribute to coral life. Corals in reef-flat environments frequently face variations in these two characteristics due to their proximity to shallow seas. This study aims to compare the microbial diversity and abundance associated with the coral Acropora pulchra on the reef flat under two conditions, namely corals that emerged to the surface at low tide (SF) and corals that submerged over time (SM) and to compare the microbial diversity of both with those found in its adjacent seawaters. Microbial analysis on 16S rRNA region V4 showed that the alpha diversity of coral microbial communities and seawaters was not significantly different. However, differences in abundance were noticed at the phylum and genus levels. With p-value < 0.05, PCoA analysis using the Bray–Curtis test showed that the coral microbial community was significantly different from the surrounding seawaters. This study indicates that under different conditions, corals of the same species can be dominated by different microbial groups. This study also confirms the uniqueness between coral microbes and their adjacent seawaters. The abundance of certain microbes is a host mechanism for survival.
珊瑚在与各种微生物的共生关系中茁壮成长,包括内共生藻类。珊瑚和微生物群落之间的相互作用被广泛研究,因为它被认为在珊瑚健康中发挥着作用。温度和光是促进珊瑚生命的两个非生物因素。礁坪环境中的珊瑚由于靠近浅海,经常面临这两个特征的变化。本研究旨在比较在两种条件下与礁滩上的珊瑚Acropora pulchra相关的微生物多样性和丰度,即退潮时浮出水面的珊瑚(SF)和随时间淹没的珊瑚(SM),并将这两种珊瑚的微生物多样度与其邻近海域中发现的珊瑚进行比较。对16S rRNA V4区域的微生物分析表明,珊瑚微生物群落和海水的α多样性没有显著差异。然而,在门和属的水平上注意到了丰度的差异。具有p值 < 0.05,使用Bray–Curtis检验的PCoA分析表明,珊瑚微生物群落与周围海水显著不同。这项研究表明,在不同的条件下,同一物种的珊瑚可以被不同的微生物群所支配。这项研究还证实了珊瑚微生物及其邻近海水之间的独特性。某些微生物的丰度是宿主生存的机制。
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引用次数: 0
Phase shift from a stony-coral to a soft-coral community on a coral reef: a case study of an alternative state 珊瑚礁上从石珊瑚到软珊瑚群落的相变:一种替代状态的案例研究
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2022.2153869
K. S. Tkachenko, Vũ Việt Dũng, V. Ha
ABSTRACT A phase shift from a stony-coral community to an alternative state represented by octocorals and corallimorpharians was recorded on a coral reef at the Hon Noi Islands (offshore area of south-central Vietnam). For a seven-year period, average stony-coral cover decreased from 80% to 4.7%, diversity of reef-building corals decreased from 169 to 17 species, and in the shallow area of a reef (1–4 m depth), the cover of corallimorpharians (mainly Rhodactis indosinensis) and octocorals (mainly Clavularia sp.) increased to 62%. Mass scleractinian mortality could have resulted from an outbreak of crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster sp., which developed in the surrounding area in the last decade. The only significant contributor to stony-coral recovery on the study reef to date was the blue coral, Heliopora coerulea. Given the serious coral decline on the upstream reefs as potential sources for coral recruitment and competitive advantages of corallimorpharians and octocorals over scleractinians, the prospects for rapid scleractinian recovery of the study site are poor.
在越南中南部的汉诺伊群岛(Hon Noi Islands)的一个珊瑚礁上,记录了从石珊瑚群落到以八珊瑚和珊瑚形动物为代表的另一种状态的相变。在7年的时间里,石珊瑚的平均覆盖率从80%下降到4.7%,造礁珊瑚的多样性从169种下降到17种,在一个珊瑚礁的浅水区(1 ~ 4 m深度),珊瑚类(主要是Rhodactis indosinensis)和八栖珊瑚(主要是Clavularia sp.)的覆盖率增加到62%。大量的硬核海星死亡可能是由于过去十年在周围地区发展的棘冠海星的爆发造成的。迄今为止,研究珊瑚礁上唯一对石珊瑚恢复有重大贡献的是蓝珊瑚,Heliopora coerulea。鉴于上游珊瑚礁作为珊瑚补充的潜在来源的珊瑚数量严重下降,以及珊瑚形和八角珊瑚相对于硬珊瑚的竞争优势,研究地点的硬珊瑚目快速恢复的前景不佳。
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引用次数: 0
Low genetic diversity and lack of genetic structure among populations of the sandfish Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra on the Tanzanian coast 坦桑尼亚海岸沙鱼Holothuria(Metriatyla)scabra种群遗传多样性低且缺乏遗传结构
IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-26 DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2176883
Valeli J. Bugota, C. Rumisha
ABSTRACT The tropical sandfish Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra Jaeger, 1833 has been severely depleted in the Western Indian Ocean because it is easy to catch and in high demand. In response, Mainland Tanzania closed the fishery; however, the fishery remains open in the semi-autonomous islands of Zanzibar. Yet, it is unknown whether the aforementioned contrasting management measures are consistent with the genetic stock structure of the fishery. Therefore, this study analysed partial sequences (706 base pairs) of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) from four sandfish populations from Tanzania to assess the extent of genetic diversity and population structure. The populations showed low haplotype (0.17–0.44) and nucleotide diversities (0.025–0.084%), as well as small mutation-scaled effective size (9 × 10−4−17 × 10−4) compared to other marine macroinvertebrates from Tanzania, suggesting that the fishery has not recovered despite the ban that was imposed 16 years ago. Furthermore, Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) revealed a low and non-significant genetic differentiation index (F ST = 0.0047, p > 0.05), indicating a lack of population structure. The lack of population structure was further supported by phylogenetic analysis, which grouped together all COI haplotypes of sandfishes from both Zanzibar and Mainland Tanzania. This suggests that populations in Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar are genetically homogeneous and that Zanzibari fishers may be targeting the same stock that is protected in Mainland Tanzania. Therefore, the fishery should be managed as a single unit and management measures between Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar should be harmonized.
摘要热带沙鱼Holothuria(Metriatyla)scabra Jaeger,1833在西印度洋已经严重枯竭,因为它很容易捕获,需求量很大。作为回应,坦桑尼亚大陆关闭了渔业;然而,桑给巴尔半自治岛屿的渔业仍然开放。然而,尚不清楚上述对比管理措施是否与渔业的遗传种群结构一致。因此,本研究分析了坦桑尼亚四个沙鱼种群的细胞色素氧化酶亚基I基因(COI)的部分序列(706个碱基对),以评估遗传多样性和种群结构。这些群体显示出较低的单倍型(0.17–0.44)和核苷酸多样性(0.025–0.084%),以及较小的突变规模有效大小(9 × 10−4−17 × 10−4)与坦桑尼亚的其他海洋大型无脊椎动物相比,这表明尽管16年前实施了禁令,但渔业仍未恢复。此外,分子方差分析(AMOVA)显示了低且不显著的遗传分化指数(F ST = 0.0047,p > 0.05),表明缺乏种群结构。种群结构的缺乏得到了系统发育分析的进一步支持,该分析将桑给巴尔和坦桑尼亚大陆的沙鱼的所有COI单倍型组合在一起。这表明坦桑尼亚大陆和桑给巴尔的种群在基因上是同质的,桑给巴尔渔民可能瞄准了坦桑尼亚大陆受保护的同一种群。因此,渔业应作为一个单一的单位进行管理,坦桑尼亚大陆和桑给巴尔之间的管理措施应协调一致。
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引用次数: 1
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Marine Biology Research
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