Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2205149
O. Volonterio, R. Ponce de León
ABSTRACT Three essential questions remain unresolved about the present Antarctic biota: its antiquity, origin, and ubiquity. Some benthic animals are capable of active self-dispersal following shallow corridors between islands. Identifying and characterizing the biota in such corridors is fundamental for biogeographic studies and the delimitation of priority sites to conserve biodiversity. The Scotia Arc provides an example of such passages, being a system of islands and underwater ridges connecting the Magellan Region to the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands (Maritime Antarctic). Specimens of the free-living flatworm Orthoplana bregazzii Karling 1973 (Proseriata, Otoplanidae) were obtained in King George Island (South Shetland Islands). This is the first report of the family Otoplanidae from Antarctica, and the first rediscovery of the species 50 years after its original description. The present article provides a complete description of the Antarctic material of O. bregazzii, complements its original description, and provides an identification key to the species of Orthoplana. We analyze the distribution of the genus and species and argue that the range expansion reported here could be the result of a recent, successful colonization event. This work, therefore, gives insights into the systematics and biogeography of one of the lesser-known groups in the Antarctic fauna.
{"title":"Systematic and biogeographical aspects of the first Antarctic discovery of Orthoplana bregazzii Karling, 1973 (Proseriata, Otoplanidae)","authors":"O. Volonterio, R. Ponce de León","doi":"10.1080/17451000.2023.2205149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2023.2205149","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Three essential questions remain unresolved about the present Antarctic biota: its antiquity, origin, and ubiquity. Some benthic animals are capable of active self-dispersal following shallow corridors between islands. Identifying and characterizing the biota in such corridors is fundamental for biogeographic studies and the delimitation of priority sites to conserve biodiversity. The Scotia Arc provides an example of such passages, being a system of islands and underwater ridges connecting the Magellan Region to the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands (Maritime Antarctic). Specimens of the free-living flatworm Orthoplana bregazzii Karling 1973 (Proseriata, Otoplanidae) were obtained in King George Island (South Shetland Islands). This is the first report of the family Otoplanidae from Antarctica, and the first rediscovery of the species 50 years after its original description. The present article provides a complete description of the Antarctic material of O. bregazzii, complements its original description, and provides an identification key to the species of Orthoplana. We analyze the distribution of the genus and species and argue that the range expansion reported here could be the result of a recent, successful colonization event. This work, therefore, gives insights into the systematics and biogeography of one of the lesser-known groups in the Antarctic fauna.","PeriodicalId":18195,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41557121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2224967
L. Buhl‐Mortensen, T. H. Thangstad, G. Søvik, H. Wehde
ABSTRACT This study presents the distribution and abundance of key species of the vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) ‘Coral gardens’ and ‘Sea pen and burrowing megafauna’ in Skagerrak and the Norwegian trench. It is based on 543 bycatches from 2017–2021, and 35 ROV dives from 2016-2017. Bycatches were used to indicate distribution and relative abundance of the VME key species while ROV observations provided information on colony densities, associated fauna and damages. Four sea pen species were recorded. Funiculina quadrangularis and Kophobelemnon stelliferum were widely distributed and most abundant below 200 meters. The few records of Pennatula phosphorea were mainly from shallower than 100 meters, and the rare Balticina finmarchica primarily occurred below 200 meters. The ROV videos confirmed the pattern from the bycatches, however, colony densities were much higher, and the sea pen Virgularia mirabilis recorded in high abundances was not present in bycatches. The coral garden key species Isidella lofotensis, endemic to Norway, had a restricted area of occurrence confirmed by both methodologies. The restricted distribution makes it particularly vulnerable. Fishing activities overlap with the VMEs distribution and the observations of sea pen skeletons and the coral predatory anemone Ptychodactis patula are indicative of pressure from bottom trawl fishing. KEY POLICY HIGHLIGHTS ‘Sea pen and burrowing megafauna’ is a widely distributed VME in Skagerrak and the Norwegian trench, an area with intense bottom trawling. Recorded sea pen species show different distribution patterns, and vulnerability should be evaluated at species level. There is an immediate need for protection of the VME ‘Coral Garden’ represented by the bamboo coral Isidella lofotensis and mapping and monitoring is necessary to evaluate ecological status. Trawl bycatches provide valuable information on VMEs, but the precision on position and abundance of colonies is low compared with visual mapping, and trawling is a threat to the VMEs.
{"title":"Sea pens and bamboo corals in Skagerrak and the Norwegian trench","authors":"L. Buhl‐Mortensen, T. H. Thangstad, G. Søvik, H. Wehde","doi":"10.1080/17451000.2023.2224967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2023.2224967","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study presents the distribution and abundance of key species of the vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) ‘Coral gardens’ and ‘Sea pen and burrowing megafauna’ in Skagerrak and the Norwegian trench. It is based on 543 bycatches from 2017–2021, and 35 ROV dives from 2016-2017. Bycatches were used to indicate distribution and relative abundance of the VME key species while ROV observations provided information on colony densities, associated fauna and damages. Four sea pen species were recorded. Funiculina quadrangularis and Kophobelemnon stelliferum were widely distributed and most abundant below 200 meters. The few records of Pennatula phosphorea were mainly from shallower than 100 meters, and the rare Balticina finmarchica primarily occurred below 200 meters. The ROV videos confirmed the pattern from the bycatches, however, colony densities were much higher, and the sea pen Virgularia mirabilis recorded in high abundances was not present in bycatches. The coral garden key species Isidella lofotensis, endemic to Norway, had a restricted area of occurrence confirmed by both methodologies. The restricted distribution makes it particularly vulnerable. Fishing activities overlap with the VMEs distribution and the observations of sea pen skeletons and the coral predatory anemone Ptychodactis patula are indicative of pressure from bottom trawl fishing. KEY POLICY HIGHLIGHTS ‘Sea pen and burrowing megafauna’ is a widely distributed VME in Skagerrak and the Norwegian trench, an area with intense bottom trawling. Recorded sea pen species show different distribution patterns, and vulnerability should be evaluated at species level. There is an immediate need for protection of the VME ‘Coral Garden’ represented by the bamboo coral Isidella lofotensis and mapping and monitoring is necessary to evaluate ecological status. Trawl bycatches provide valuable information on VMEs, but the precision on position and abundance of colonies is low compared with visual mapping, and trawling is a threat to the VMEs.","PeriodicalId":18195,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48175500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2193898
Celia Delgado-Serrano, F. Tuya
ABSTRACT Seagrasses create three-dimensional habitats (i.e. meadows) of paramount conservation relevance, which are distributed across large spatial scales, under varying environmental conditions. Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Ascherson is a warm-temperate seagrass, distributed along the entire Mediterranean and the adjacent Atlantic Ocean. As with many seagrasses, this species shows an annual (seasonal) pattern in canopy vitality, with maximums in leaf canopy structure (e.g. shoot density and leaf length) in spring-summer, while canopy leaf structure is reduced in winter. Since this seagrass experiences varying environmental (e.g. thermal) scenarios across its distribution range, we tested whether annual (seasonal) variation in the leaf canopy structure, in terms of shoot density, leaf length and above-ground biomass, are modulated by local environmental (here, thermal) variation. Annual variation in the shoot density of C. nodosa across its distribution range was not predicted by local environmental regimes (thermal regimes, in terms of variation in sea surface temperature, SST). However, annual variation in leaf length and biomass was significantly predicted by variation in local thermal regimes. A larger annual environmental variation, here in terms of SST, was connected with a more marked seasonal variation in leaf canopy structure, both in terms of leaf length and biomass. If a major effect of climate change is an increase in environmental variation, an increase in the annual leaf canopy variation for C. nodosa meadows along its distribution range might be expected.
{"title":"Annual variation in leaf canopy across a seagrass distribution range is modulated by local environmental variation","authors":"Celia Delgado-Serrano, F. Tuya","doi":"10.1080/17451000.2023.2193898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2023.2193898","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Seagrasses create three-dimensional habitats (i.e. meadows) of paramount conservation relevance, which are distributed across large spatial scales, under varying environmental conditions. Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Ascherson is a warm-temperate seagrass, distributed along the entire Mediterranean and the adjacent Atlantic Ocean. As with many seagrasses, this species shows an annual (seasonal) pattern in canopy vitality, with maximums in leaf canopy structure (e.g. shoot density and leaf length) in spring-summer, while canopy leaf structure is reduced in winter. Since this seagrass experiences varying environmental (e.g. thermal) scenarios across its distribution range, we tested whether annual (seasonal) variation in the leaf canopy structure, in terms of shoot density, leaf length and above-ground biomass, are modulated by local environmental (here, thermal) variation. Annual variation in the shoot density of C. nodosa across its distribution range was not predicted by local environmental regimes (thermal regimes, in terms of variation in sea surface temperature, SST). However, annual variation in leaf length and biomass was significantly predicted by variation in local thermal regimes. A larger annual environmental variation, here in terms of SST, was connected with a more marked seasonal variation in leaf canopy structure, both in terms of leaf length and biomass. If a major effect of climate change is an increase in environmental variation, an increase in the annual leaf canopy variation for C. nodosa meadows along its distribution range might be expected.","PeriodicalId":18195,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46604726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2198241
Sheena Jose, S. Bharathi, A. Damodhar, K. Jayachandran, T. A. Kumar, Kuldeep Kumar Lal
ABSTRACT The reef-associated palaemonid shrimp fauna of Indian waters, especially in island ecosystems, is one of the least studied. During explorations at Lakshadweep Islands, Cuapetes elegans (Paulson 1875), C. grandis (Stimpson 1857) and a new species, Cuapetes purushothamani sp. nov., were recorded and illustrated based on the specimens collected from dead coral and rocky shore regions of eastern lagoon of Agatti Island (0.5–1.0 m), Lakshadweep, India. The new species shows close relation with C. elegans, possessing distinctive characteristics as indicated: rostrum extends as far as antennal scale, arrangement of ventral teeth below the wide edentulous dorsal part of rostrum, long dorsal spines of telson, a fewer number of segments in antennal flagellum, fingers of first chelated leg slightly longer than palm, chela of second cheliped longer than combined length of merus and carpus with inflated palm. In addition, the partial sequences of mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), 16S and nuclear Histone 3 (H3) gene were generated and compared with other available species of Cuapetes. The phylogenetic analyses strongly supported our new discovery, Cuapetes purushothamani sp. nov., which possesses a close relationship with C. elegans by having high interspecific genetic divergences (COI: 19.2–19.9%; 16S: 12–12.8%; H3: 3.1–3.9%). http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1B5C9228-9D9F-430E-BF11-C6DC7510DF1B
{"title":"Reef-associated palaemonid shrimp fauna of Lakshadweep islands: special focus on Cuapetes Clark, 1919 (Decapoda; Caridea) with a description of new species and phylogenetic notes","authors":"Sheena Jose, S. Bharathi, A. Damodhar, K. Jayachandran, T. A. Kumar, Kuldeep Kumar Lal","doi":"10.1080/17451000.2023.2198241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2023.2198241","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The reef-associated palaemonid shrimp fauna of Indian waters, especially in island ecosystems, is one of the least studied. During explorations at Lakshadweep Islands, Cuapetes elegans (Paulson 1875), C. grandis (Stimpson 1857) and a new species, Cuapetes purushothamani sp. nov., were recorded and illustrated based on the specimens collected from dead coral and rocky shore regions of eastern lagoon of Agatti Island (0.5–1.0 m), Lakshadweep, India. The new species shows close relation with C. elegans, possessing distinctive characteristics as indicated: rostrum extends as far as antennal scale, arrangement of ventral teeth below the wide edentulous dorsal part of rostrum, long dorsal spines of telson, a fewer number of segments in antennal flagellum, fingers of first chelated leg slightly longer than palm, chela of second cheliped longer than combined length of merus and carpus with inflated palm. In addition, the partial sequences of mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), 16S and nuclear Histone 3 (H3) gene were generated and compared with other available species of Cuapetes. The phylogenetic analyses strongly supported our new discovery, Cuapetes purushothamani sp. nov., which possesses a close relationship with C. elegans by having high interspecific genetic divergences (COI: 19.2–19.9%; 16S: 12–12.8%; H3: 3.1–3.9%). http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1B5C9228-9D9F-430E-BF11-C6DC7510DF1B","PeriodicalId":18195,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48122341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2194059
L. F. Andrade, A. R. Senna, J. F. Souza-Filho
ABSTRACT Three new species of Harpinia are described from north-eastern Brazil, documenting the first record of the genus from the southern hemisphere. The material examined was collected using a Mini Box Corer within the project ‘Avaliação da Biota Bentônica e Planctônica da Bacia Potiguar e Ceará’ in Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte state, from depths ranging from 283–998 m. Harpinia bidens sp. nov. is characterized by the following: head with dorsal keel; antenna 2 peduncle article 1 weakly ensiform; gnathopod 2 palm defined by a large excavation producing a spine; epimeral plate 1 posteroventral corner as a short blunt lobe; and epimeral plate 3 with an oblique facial row of setae, posteroventral corner as a large spine. Harpinia kingae sp. nov. can be diagnosed by the following: antenna 2 peduncle article 1 ensiform; gnathopod 1 palm defined by a u-shaped excavation; coxa 7 posterior margin crenulate; epimeral plate 3 posteroventral corner as a spine; and uropod 2 outer ramus with subapical nail. Finally, H. longidactyla sp. nov. has the following diagnostic characters: head with lower lateral blunt projection; antenna 2 article 1 not ensiform; gnathopods 1–2 palm defined by a sinuous excavation; pereopod 6 dactylus longer than propodus; and epimeral plate 3 posteroventrally rounded. Also, a discussion about the genus and an identification key to world species of Harpinia are provided.
在巴西东北部发现了3个新种，首次记录了该属在南半球的分布。所检查的材料是在“avalia o da Biota Bentônica e Planctônica da Bacia Potiguar e ceear”项目中使用Mini Box cover收集的，该项目位于里约热内卢Grande do Norte州的Potiguar盆地，深度为283-998米。双翅龙的特征是:头部有背龙骨;天线2花梗条1弱剑形;颚足目动物2掌，由一个产生脊椎的大挖掘定义;外板1后腹角作为一短钝的裂片;而外板3面有一排斜刚毛，后腹角为大棘。根据以下特征可诊断为:触角2花序梗条1剑形;颚足目1手掌由u形的挖掘定义;髋7后缘具小圆齿;外板3后腹侧角为棘;尾足2外支有近根尖甲。最后，长趾棘猴具有以下诊断特征:头部下侧钝突;天线2条1不均匀;颚足目动物1-2掌，由弯曲的凹陷界定;准足目6趾足目比原足目长;外板3后腹圆形。文中还对该属进行了讨论，并给出了世界种的鉴定关键字。
{"title":"First record of the genus Harpinia Boeck, 1876 (Amphipoda: Phoxocephalidae: Harpiniinae) from the southern hemisphere, with description of three new species","authors":"L. F. Andrade, A. R. Senna, J. F. Souza-Filho","doi":"10.1080/17451000.2023.2194059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2023.2194059","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Three new species of Harpinia are described from north-eastern Brazil, documenting the first record of the genus from the southern hemisphere. The material examined was collected using a Mini Box Corer within the project ‘Avaliação da Biota Bentônica e Planctônica da Bacia Potiguar e Ceará’ in Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte state, from depths ranging from 283–998 m. Harpinia bidens sp. nov. is characterized by the following: head with dorsal keel; antenna 2 peduncle article 1 weakly ensiform; gnathopod 2 palm defined by a large excavation producing a spine; epimeral plate 1 posteroventral corner as a short blunt lobe; and epimeral plate 3 with an oblique facial row of setae, posteroventral corner as a large spine. Harpinia kingae sp. nov. can be diagnosed by the following: antenna 2 peduncle article 1 ensiform; gnathopod 1 palm defined by a u-shaped excavation; coxa 7 posterior margin crenulate; epimeral plate 3 posteroventral corner as a spine; and uropod 2 outer ramus with subapical nail. Finally, H. longidactyla sp. nov. has the following diagnostic characters: head with lower lateral blunt projection; antenna 2 article 1 not ensiform; gnathopods 1–2 palm defined by a sinuous excavation; pereopod 6 dactylus longer than propodus; and epimeral plate 3 posteroventrally rounded. Also, a discussion about the genus and an identification key to world species of Harpinia are provided.","PeriodicalId":18195,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46841257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2198243
Deniz Eşkinat, A. Gücü, Meltem Ok
ABSTRACT The striped piggy, Pomadasys stridens (Forsskål, 1775), is one of the successfully colonized Lessepsian immigrants entering the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. This study was carried out to understand to what extent the reproduction strategy adopted by this species had played a role in its successful establishment. The study is based on samples collected during the monthly trawl surveys conducted between January 2017 to November 2020 in the Northeast Mediterranean. The annual gonadal development cycle was estimated by observing the Gonadosomatic Index changes. Seasonal patterns in energy intake and allocation were acquired from Hepatosomatic, Digestosomatic, and Relative Body Condition indices. The results indicated that the species has prolonged gonadal development periods, during which spawning occurs twice, in early summer and at the onset of the winter. A comparison of all indices involved indicated that the species feeds and develops gonads at the same time before summer spawning, feeds heavily and stores energy during the warmest period, and uses the stored energy in the winter spawning. As these features do not differ much from their congenerics inhabiting the geography they originated from, it is suggested that it was not the ecological plasticity of the species that is the basis of their success but the reproductive traits they have fitted well to the Mediterranean Ecosystem.
{"title":"Annual reproductive cycle of a successful Lessepsian immigrant in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Pomadasys stridens (Forsskål, 1775) (Family: Haemulidae)","authors":"Deniz Eşkinat, A. Gücü, Meltem Ok","doi":"10.1080/17451000.2023.2198243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2023.2198243","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The striped piggy, Pomadasys stridens (Forsskål, 1775), is one of the successfully colonized Lessepsian immigrants entering the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. This study was carried out to understand to what extent the reproduction strategy adopted by this species had played a role in its successful establishment. The study is based on samples collected during the monthly trawl surveys conducted between January 2017 to November 2020 in the Northeast Mediterranean. The annual gonadal development cycle was estimated by observing the Gonadosomatic Index changes. Seasonal patterns in energy intake and allocation were acquired from Hepatosomatic, Digestosomatic, and Relative Body Condition indices. The results indicated that the species has prolonged gonadal development periods, during which spawning occurs twice, in early summer and at the onset of the winter. A comparison of all indices involved indicated that the species feeds and develops gonads at the same time before summer spawning, feeds heavily and stores energy during the warmest period, and uses the stored energy in the winter spawning. As these features do not differ much from their congenerics inhabiting the geography they originated from, it is suggested that it was not the ecological plasticity of the species that is the basis of their success but the reproductive traits they have fitted well to the Mediterranean Ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":18195,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46221835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2185639
Bahtiar, M. F. Purnama, M. Kasim, E. Ishak
ABSTRACT Mangrove clams are found in the soft substrates of the mangrove forest, where they reproductively adjust to the conditions in the aquatic environment. This study aimed to determine the reproductive biology pattern, such as sex ratio, gonad maturity level, gonadosomatic index, fecundity and size of the first maturity of mangrove clams. The samples included 80 ind./month collected manually from the mangrove ecosystem for one year. The reproductive biology patterns were calculated using standard formulas, each analysed using the χ2 test, semi-quantitative descriptive evaluation and non-linear regression. The results showed that more males than females were collected, accounting for 80.0–96.5% and 3.4–20.0%, respectively. Furthermore, both sexes’ gonad maturity developments coincided. The mangrove clam’s mature gonads are discoverable all year by observing the gonadosomatic index IV and spawning monthly occurrence. Their maturity peaked (levels III and IV) in February–April, indicated by a high index value ranging from 3.9–18.2 and 4.3–21.9 for the male and female mangrove shells, respectively. The male clams also had smaller sizes at maturity than females at 3.0 and 5.2 cm lengths, respectively. The food (organic sediment) availability was an essential environmental parameter in developing gonadal maturity.
{"title":"Reproductive biology of mangrove clams Geloina expansa (Mousson, 1849) from mangrove at Kendari Bay, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia","authors":"Bahtiar, M. F. Purnama, M. Kasim, E. Ishak","doi":"10.1080/17451000.2023.2185639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2023.2185639","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mangrove clams are found in the soft substrates of the mangrove forest, where they reproductively adjust to the conditions in the aquatic environment. This study aimed to determine the reproductive biology pattern, such as sex ratio, gonad maturity level, gonadosomatic index, fecundity and size of the first maturity of mangrove clams. The samples included 80 ind./month collected manually from the mangrove ecosystem for one year. The reproductive biology patterns were calculated using standard formulas, each analysed using the χ2 test, semi-quantitative descriptive evaluation and non-linear regression. The results showed that more males than females were collected, accounting for 80.0–96.5% and 3.4–20.0%, respectively. Furthermore, both sexes’ gonad maturity developments coincided. The mangrove clam’s mature gonads are discoverable all year by observing the gonadosomatic index IV and spawning monthly occurrence. Their maturity peaked (levels III and IV) in February–April, indicated by a high index value ranging from 3.9–18.2 and 4.3–21.9 for the male and female mangrove shells, respectively. The male clams also had smaller sizes at maturity than females at 3.0 and 5.2 cm lengths, respectively. The food (organic sediment) availability was an essential environmental parameter in developing gonadal maturity.","PeriodicalId":18195,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49647920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2194060
D.L. Grobler, J. Klein, J. Quattro, N. Bolaño-Martínez, R. Bennett, A. Bester-van der Merwe
ABSTRACT Due to continued overexploitation and anthropogenic change, hammerhead sharks (Carcharhiniformes: Sphyrnidae) have experienced drastic declines over most of their geographic range. Owing to the K-selected life histories of these sharks, their population resilience and persistence, remain severely strained, further compromising ecosystem stability. Moreover, some species are largely understudied e.g. the cryptic congener, the Carolina hammerhead shark (Sphyrna gilberti), whilst specific regions, such as the South-West Indian Ocean (SWIO), remain relatively devoid of data, risking the eventual extirpation of unique hammerhead shark lineages. The aim of the present study was to verify the phylogenetic placement of the cryptic S. gilberti within the family Sphyrnidae through the inclusion of underrepresented species sequences in order to provide a more comprehensive phylogenetic perspective for understanding historical drivers of Sphyrnidae biodiversity. The present study describes the first complete mitochondrial genome of the cryptic S. gilberti originating from the US Atlantic, as well as the mitogenomes of smooth hammerhead shark (Sphyrna zygaena) and scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) samples originating from the data deficient South-West Indian Ocean (SWIO). Furthermore, we estimate the phylogenetic interrelationships of the Sphyrnidae family using mitochondrial protein-coding (PCG) and rRNA genes, reaffirming the placement of S. gilberti as a sister lineage to S. lewini. The resulting phylogenetic estimate is further used to evaluate the most likely age of the first occurrence of S. gilberti, corresponding to the Late Miocene to Early Pleiocene Epoch (3.8–10.8 million years ago). Comparative analysis of these Sphyrnids between ocean basins, as well as preliminary divergence estimates for S. lewini and S. gilberti has contributed towards resolving the global hammerhead phylogeny. This has provided unique insights into the evolution of the genus, thereby aiding future efforts directed towards effective conservation and management of hammerhead populations over a larger spatial scale.
{"title":"Phylogenetic placement and molecular dating of hammerhead sharks (Sphyrnidae) based on whole mitogenomes","authors":"D.L. Grobler, J. Klein, J. Quattro, N. Bolaño-Martínez, R. Bennett, A. Bester-van der Merwe","doi":"10.1080/17451000.2023.2194060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2023.2194060","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Due to continued overexploitation and anthropogenic change, hammerhead sharks (Carcharhiniformes: Sphyrnidae) have experienced drastic declines over most of their geographic range. Owing to the K-selected life histories of these sharks, their population resilience and persistence, remain severely strained, further compromising ecosystem stability. Moreover, some species are largely understudied e.g. the cryptic congener, the Carolina hammerhead shark (Sphyrna gilberti), whilst specific regions, such as the South-West Indian Ocean (SWIO), remain relatively devoid of data, risking the eventual extirpation of unique hammerhead shark lineages. The aim of the present study was to verify the phylogenetic placement of the cryptic S. gilberti within the family Sphyrnidae through the inclusion of underrepresented species sequences in order to provide a more comprehensive phylogenetic perspective for understanding historical drivers of Sphyrnidae biodiversity. The present study describes the first complete mitochondrial genome of the cryptic S. gilberti originating from the US Atlantic, as well as the mitogenomes of smooth hammerhead shark (Sphyrna zygaena) and scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) samples originating from the data deficient South-West Indian Ocean (SWIO). Furthermore, we estimate the phylogenetic interrelationships of the Sphyrnidae family using mitochondrial protein-coding (PCG) and rRNA genes, reaffirming the placement of S. gilberti as a sister lineage to S. lewini. The resulting phylogenetic estimate is further used to evaluate the most likely age of the first occurrence of S. gilberti, corresponding to the Late Miocene to Early Pleiocene Epoch (3.8–10.8 million years ago). Comparative analysis of these Sphyrnids between ocean basins, as well as preliminary divergence estimates for S. lewini and S. gilberti has contributed towards resolving the global hammerhead phylogeny. This has provided unique insights into the evolution of the genus, thereby aiding future efforts directed towards effective conservation and management of hammerhead populations over a larger spatial scale.","PeriodicalId":18195,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46819881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-26DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2173782
R. A. Pescinelli, R. C. Costa
ABSTRACT Larval characteristics play an important role in life history, phylogenetic and systematic studies. The morphology of the first post-embryonic stages (zoeae I–III) of the snapping shrimp Alpheus petronioi were described in detail and illustrated based on laboratory-hatched larvae. The morphological characteristics of the species were compared with available descriptions of other Alpheus species with known first zoeal stages. We provided a combination of characteristics useful for the diagnosis of the early zoeal stages of A. petronioi. The species can be separated from the first zoeal stage of the other species of the genus using the following structures: basial endite of maxillule with 2 stout spines (both without rows of spinules), and 2 small plumose setae; endopod of maxillule with 1 terminal denticulate seta, 1 short terminal simple seta and 1 subterminal spine; basial endite of maxilla bilobed, with 4 and 5 simple setae on proximal and distal lobe, respectively and basis of second maxilliped with 5 (3 strong and 2 slender) simple setae arranged (2 + 2 + 1). This is the first study on the biology of A. petronioi after its description, adding new information on its life history.
{"title":"Filling gaps in the life history of the snapping shrimp Alpheus petronioi: morphology of the first post-embryonic stages reared in laboratory","authors":"R. A. Pescinelli, R. C. Costa","doi":"10.1080/17451000.2023.2173782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2023.2173782","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Larval characteristics play an important role in life history, phylogenetic and systematic studies. The morphology of the first post-embryonic stages (zoeae I–III) of the snapping shrimp Alpheus petronioi were described in detail and illustrated based on laboratory-hatched larvae. The morphological characteristics of the species were compared with available descriptions of other Alpheus species with known first zoeal stages. We provided a combination of characteristics useful for the diagnosis of the early zoeal stages of A. petronioi. The species can be separated from the first zoeal stage of the other species of the genus using the following structures: basial endite of maxillule with 2 stout spines (both without rows of spinules), and 2 small plumose setae; endopod of maxillule with 1 terminal denticulate seta, 1 short terminal simple seta and 1 subterminal spine; basial endite of maxilla bilobed, with 4 and 5 simple setae on proximal and distal lobe, respectively and basis of second maxilliped with 5 (3 strong and 2 slender) simple setae arranged (2 + 2 + 1). This is the first study on the biology of A. petronioi after its description, adding new information on its life history.","PeriodicalId":18195,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43341784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-26DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2023.2176882
J. Micael, A. Ramos-Esplá, Pedro Rodrigues, S. Gíslason
ABSTRACT Global shipping facilitates the introduction of fouling organisms to new geographic areas. The increase in maritime transport in recent decades has led to unprecedented development, where marine coastal waters have become one of the most invaded habitats around the globe. Among the most successful invaders are ascidians. Despite the geographic and oceanographic isolation of Iceland, it is far from being excluded as a recipient region. Ascidians have successfully been able to establish stable populations in Iceland that are slowly expanding around the SW region. Here we report the first record of Ascidiella scabra in Icelandic waters, and the spread of seven non-indigenous ascidians across the S-SW Icelandic harbours. We compare their relative abundances to our survey from 2018. The bulk of these ascidians is not only present in the temperate Atlantic Ocean, but also in the Northwest Pacific and temperate Australasia, revealing that global homogenization of the ascidiofauna is emerging in anthropized coastal areas. The rising of sea surface temperature, driven by climate change, is likely to continue to support the development of this scenario leading to biodiversity loss, which could endanger living resources with severe economic impacts.
{"title":"Recent spread of non-indigenous ascidians (Chordata: Tunicata) in Icelandic harbours","authors":"J. Micael, A. Ramos-Esplá, Pedro Rodrigues, S. Gíslason","doi":"10.1080/17451000.2023.2176882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2023.2176882","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Global shipping facilitates the introduction of fouling organisms to new geographic areas. The increase in maritime transport in recent decades has led to unprecedented development, where marine coastal waters have become one of the most invaded habitats around the globe. Among the most successful invaders are ascidians. Despite the geographic and oceanographic isolation of Iceland, it is far from being excluded as a recipient region. Ascidians have successfully been able to establish stable populations in Iceland that are slowly expanding around the SW region. Here we report the first record of Ascidiella scabra in Icelandic waters, and the spread of seven non-indigenous ascidians across the S-SW Icelandic harbours. We compare their relative abundances to our survey from 2018. The bulk of these ascidians is not only present in the temperate Atlantic Ocean, but also in the Northwest Pacific and temperate Australasia, revealing that global homogenization of the ascidiofauna is emerging in anthropized coastal areas. The rising of sea surface temperature, driven by climate change, is likely to continue to support the development of this scenario leading to biodiversity loss, which could endanger living resources with severe economic impacts.","PeriodicalId":18195,"journal":{"name":"Marine Biology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43521525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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