Funsho Olaitan Kolawole, Marcos Dantas dos Santos, Shola Kolade Kolawole, Paulo Konrad Vencovsky, Danilo Assad Ludewigs, André Paulo Tschiptschin
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are well known for their excellent adhesion to silicon wafers. However, they often exhibit poor adhesion properties on metallic substrates. Interlayers and metallic doping help improve the adhesion properties of DLC coatings on metallic substrates. In this study, both nano-scratch and micro-scratch were performed on chromium nitride (CrN)/DLC and tungsten doped DLC coating (DLC-W) coatings deposited on 920 HV DIN 16CrMn martensitic valve tappets. Nano-scratch was performed at 300 mN in a Hysitron nano-indenter, whereas micro-scratch was performed at 1–50 N using a CETR-UMT tribometer. The 3-D images and 2-D longitudinal and transversal profiles of the nano-scratch and micro-scratch were obtained using atomic force microscopy and 3-D optical profilometry, respectively. The scratch hardness equation was used to estimate the scratch hardness of the coatings. Experimental and theoretical values for the volume removed and the specific wear rates for the micro-scratch and nano-scratch of CrN/DLC and DLC-W coatings were estimated. The coefficients of friction (COF) obtained during the micro-scratch tests were very similar for both coatings. The same happened with the COF measured during the nano-scratch. The maximum COF in both cases reached 0.14. The wider and deeper penetration of the indenter for the DLC-W coating was mainly due to the lower hardness of the multilayered coating, composed of alternating nanometric thick amorphous carbon and tungsten carbide (WC) layers. The greater wear observed for the DLC-W coating system could also be attributed to the abrasive effect of detached WC nanoparticles abrasively acting during the contact of the diamond tip with the DLC coating. The experimental and theoretical values for the volume removed and the specific wear rates indicate a lower volume removal and specific wear rate for CrN/DLC because of higher hardness and better load-carrying capacity, contrary to DLC-W, which presents higher volume removal and specific wear rate because of its lower hardness.
{"title":"Nano-Scratch and Micro-Scratch Properties of CrN/DLC and DLC-W Coatings","authors":"Funsho Olaitan Kolawole, Marcos Dantas dos Santos, Shola Kolade Kolawole, Paulo Konrad Vencovsky, Danilo Assad Ludewigs, André Paulo Tschiptschin","doi":"10.1520/mpc20230028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/mpc20230028","url":null,"abstract":"Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are well known for their excellent adhesion to silicon wafers. However, they often exhibit poor adhesion properties on metallic substrates. Interlayers and metallic doping help improve the adhesion properties of DLC coatings on metallic substrates. In this study, both nano-scratch and micro-scratch were performed on chromium nitride (CrN)/DLC and tungsten doped DLC coating (DLC-W) coatings deposited on 920 HV DIN 16CrMn martensitic valve tappets. Nano-scratch was performed at 300 mN in a Hysitron nano-indenter, whereas micro-scratch was performed at 1–50 N using a CETR-UMT tribometer. The 3-D images and 2-D longitudinal and transversal profiles of the nano-scratch and micro-scratch were obtained using atomic force microscopy and 3-D optical profilometry, respectively. The scratch hardness equation was used to estimate the scratch hardness of the coatings. Experimental and theoretical values for the volume removed and the specific wear rates for the micro-scratch and nano-scratch of CrN/DLC and DLC-W coatings were estimated. The coefficients of friction (COF) obtained during the micro-scratch tests were very similar for both coatings. The same happened with the COF measured during the nano-scratch. The maximum COF in both cases reached 0.14. The wider and deeper penetration of the indenter for the DLC-W coating was mainly due to the lower hardness of the multilayered coating, composed of alternating nanometric thick amorphous carbon and tungsten carbide (WC) layers. The greater wear observed for the DLC-W coating system could also be attributed to the abrasive effect of detached WC nanoparticles abrasively acting during the contact of the diamond tip with the DLC coating. The experimental and theoretical values for the volume removed and the specific wear rates indicate a lower volume removal and specific wear rate for CrN/DLC because of higher hardness and better load-carrying capacity, contrary to DLC-W, which presents higher volume removal and specific wear rate because of its lower hardness.","PeriodicalId":18234,"journal":{"name":"Materials Performance and Characterization","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135304040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Gangolu, I. Sabirov, A. Gourav Rao, N. Prabhu, B. P. Kashyap
{"title":"Compressive Flow Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Friction Stir Processed A356-5% B4C Composite","authors":"S. Gangolu, I. Sabirov, A. Gourav Rao, N. Prabhu, B. P. Kashyap","doi":"10.1520/mpc20220079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/mpc20220079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18234,"journal":{"name":"Materials Performance and Characterization","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135790586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kiran Kumar Karnati, Eshwaraiah Punna, Prasad V. G. V. A. Somarouthu, Balaji Rao Ravuri
In this investigation, (Ti-Mo-Zr)60Co20Cr20, (Ti-Mo-Zr)60Al30Si10 (non-magnesium-based), and (Ti-Mo-Zr)60Cu10Mg30 (magnesium-based) high-entropy alloy (HEA) samples are prepared via mechanical milling and then by spark plasma sintering technique. The microstructure morphology is examined using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The microstructure reveals that there would be a strong correlation between phase structure and sustainability for localized corrosion behavior. The lowest crystallite size of the magnesium-based HEA powder mixture suggests the highest corrosion resistance because of the solid-solution face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic phases for 20 h of milling. The correlation between the microstructural morphology and functional properties such as hardness, corrosion resistance, and potentiodynamic parameters are compared for both magnesium-based and non-magnesium-based HEAs and analyzed to elucidate their suitability for lightweight vehicle applications.
{"title":"Microstructure and Physical Properties of Nonmagnesium and Magnesium-Based High-Entropy Alloys: A Comparison Study","authors":"Kiran Kumar Karnati, Eshwaraiah Punna, Prasad V. G. V. A. Somarouthu, Balaji Rao Ravuri","doi":"10.1520/mpc20230015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/mpc20230015","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation, (Ti-Mo-Zr)60Co20Cr20, (Ti-Mo-Zr)60Al30Si10 (non-magnesium-based), and (Ti-Mo-Zr)60Cu10Mg30 (magnesium-based) high-entropy alloy (HEA) samples are prepared via mechanical milling and then by spark plasma sintering technique. The microstructure morphology is examined using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The microstructure reveals that there would be a strong correlation between phase structure and sustainability for localized corrosion behavior. The lowest crystallite size of the magnesium-based HEA powder mixture suggests the highest corrosion resistance because of the solid-solution face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic phases for 20 h of milling. The correlation between the microstructural morphology and functional properties such as hardness, corrosion resistance, and potentiodynamic parameters are compared for both magnesium-based and non-magnesium-based HEAs and analyzed to elucidate their suitability for lightweight vehicle applications.","PeriodicalId":18234,"journal":{"name":"Materials Performance and Characterization","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando Henrique Gruber Colaço, Almir Turazi, Joel Stryhalski, Gil Magno Portal Chagas, Alexandre Galiotto, Giuseppe Pintaude
The wear resistance of metals can be improved by using the hardfacing technique. Different processes can produce it with the desirable microstructures and mechanical properties. This study presents an original method, flux-core-double-wire of gas-shielded tungsten arc welding, in which wires of different compositions are used simultaneously to obtain different microstructures. The deposition was controlled through the following parameters: welding speed, deposition current, standoff distance, torch angle, and pulse frequency of wire feed. Four coatings were deposited on AISI 1020 steel substrate by combining the cored wires: Fe–Cr–C, Fe–Cr–C–Nb, Fe–Cr–C–Mo–Nb, and Fe–Cr–C–Mo–Ti. The combination of these wires resulted in a hypoeutectic microstructure with niobium and titanium carbides, with an average hardness of 650 HV0.3. The hypereutectic microstructures were formed by different niobium contents, with a microhardness range from 820 to 1,020 HV0.3. The performance of the hardfacing was evaluated in the rubber wheel abrasion test described by ASTM G65, Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Apparatus (Superseded), procedure B. The results revealed that the carbide cracking distinguished the wear resistance, and the hardness was not enough to separate the wear behavior. Still, the volume fraction of carbides was a decisive microstructural parameter.
采用堆焊技术可以提高金属的耐磨性。不同的工艺可以使其具有理想的显微组织和力学性能。本研究提出了一种新颖的气体保护钨极电弧焊方法——药芯-双丝，同时使用不同成分的焊丝，获得不同的显微组织。通过焊接速度、沉积电流、距离、焊枪角度、送丝脉冲频率等参数控制沉积过程。在aisi1020钢基体上复合镀有Fe-Cr-C、Fe-Cr-C - nb、Fe-Cr-C - mo - nb和Fe-Cr-C - mo - ti四种涂层。这些金属丝的结合形成了含铌和钛碳化物的亚共晶组织，平均硬度为650 HV0.3。不同铌含量可形成过共晶组织，显微硬度在820 ~ 1020 HV0.3之间。采用ASTM G65《使用干砂/橡胶轮装置测量磨耗的标准试验方法(已取代)》程序b中描述的橡胶轮磨耗试验对堆焊面的性能进行了评价。结果表明，硬质合金的开裂区分了耐磨性，而硬度不足以区分磨损行为。然而，碳化物的体积分数是决定性的微观结构参数。
{"title":"Wear Resistance of Fe–Cr–C Hardfacing Deposited by Flux-Core-Double-Wire GTAW in Rubber Wheel Abrasion Test","authors":"Fernando Henrique Gruber Colaço, Almir Turazi, Joel Stryhalski, Gil Magno Portal Chagas, Alexandre Galiotto, Giuseppe Pintaude","doi":"10.1520/mpc20220115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/mpc20220115","url":null,"abstract":"The wear resistance of metals can be improved by using the hardfacing technique. Different processes can produce it with the desirable microstructures and mechanical properties. This study presents an original method, flux-core-double-wire of gas-shielded tungsten arc welding, in which wires of different compositions are used simultaneously to obtain different microstructures. The deposition was controlled through the following parameters: welding speed, deposition current, standoff distance, torch angle, and pulse frequency of wire feed. Four coatings were deposited on AISI 1020 steel substrate by combining the cored wires: Fe–Cr–C, Fe–Cr–C–Nb, Fe–Cr–C–Mo–Nb, and Fe–Cr–C–Mo–Ti. The combination of these wires resulted in a hypoeutectic microstructure with niobium and titanium carbides, with an average hardness of 650 HV0.3. The hypereutectic microstructures were formed by different niobium contents, with a microhardness range from 820 to 1,020 HV0.3. The performance of the hardfacing was evaluated in the rubber wheel abrasion test described by ASTM G65, Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Apparatus (Superseded), procedure B. The results revealed that the carbide cracking distinguished the wear resistance, and the hardness was not enough to separate the wear behavior. Still, the volume fraction of carbides was a decisive microstructural parameter.","PeriodicalId":18234,"journal":{"name":"Materials Performance and Characterization","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135352951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The austenitizing process of pearlite during homogenization heat treatment of GCr15 bearing steel was studied using dilatometry. A detailed study was conducted on the relationship between the volume fraction of ferrite, cementite, austenite, and residual cementite during the phase transformation process and the changes in heating temperature and heating rate. An austenizing model for the transformation of pearlite to austenite during homogenization heat treatment was proposed. The interfacial concentration, phase equilibrium, free energy of transformation, and eutectoid temperature between austenite and pearlite were calculated by Thermo-Calc software. The experimental phenomenon of the transition from pearlite to austenite during homogenizing heat treatment was theoretically explained.
{"title":"Experimental and Modeling Study on Austenitizing Process of GCr15 Steel","authors":"Hui Wang, Fuyong Su, Zhi Wen","doi":"10.1520/mpc20230011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/mpc20230011","url":null,"abstract":"The austenitizing process of pearlite during homogenization heat treatment of GCr15 bearing steel was studied using dilatometry. A detailed study was conducted on the relationship between the volume fraction of ferrite, cementite, austenite, and residual cementite during the phase transformation process and the changes in heating temperature and heating rate. An austenizing model for the transformation of pearlite to austenite during homogenization heat treatment was proposed. The interfacial concentration, phase equilibrium, free energy of transformation, and eutectoid temperature between austenite and pearlite were calculated by Thermo-Calc software. The experimental phenomenon of the transition from pearlite to austenite during homogenizing heat treatment was theoretically explained.","PeriodicalId":18234,"journal":{"name":"Materials Performance and Characterization","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135352800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Very High Cycle Fatigue Properties and Damage Evolution in Al-Si Cast Alloys","authors":"Jochen Tenkamp, Karin Chrzan, Frank Walther","doi":"10.1520/mpc20220096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/mpc20220096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18234,"journal":{"name":"Materials Performance and Characterization","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135488911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Dalibon, S. Brühl, Ignacio Silva Cardenas, Germán Prieto, W. Tuckart
{"title":"Tribological and Corrosion Behavior of Oxidized and Plasma Nitrided AISI 4140 Steel","authors":"E. Dalibon, S. Brühl, Ignacio Silva Cardenas, Germán Prieto, W. Tuckart","doi":"10.1520/mpc20230025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/mpc20230025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18234,"journal":{"name":"Materials Performance and Characterization","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76779449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ion Beam–Induced Modifications in the Optical and Structural Characteristics of Lexan Polycarbonate","authors":"R. C. Ramola, A. Semwal","doi":"10.1520/mpc20220067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/mpc20220067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18234,"journal":{"name":"Materials Performance and Characterization","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84680004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interdiffusion between 316L Stainless Steel and Copper in Coatings Processed by High Velocity Oxyfuel","authors":"J. R. Cruz, Andressa Colombes, A. D’Oliveira","doi":"10.1520/mpc20220124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/mpc20220124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18234,"journal":{"name":"Materials Performance and Characterization","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84687023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernanda Martins Queiroz, G. Ribeiro, Renato Spacini de Castro, Rogério Góes dos Santos, A. Vieira, M. Terada, A. Bugarin, Wagner de Rossi, I. Costa
{"title":"Study of the Effect of Nanosecond Laser Texturing on the Corrosion Behavior of Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al4V Parts Produced by Powder Bed Fusion","authors":"Fernanda Martins Queiroz, G. Ribeiro, Renato Spacini de Castro, Rogério Góes dos Santos, A. Vieira, M. Terada, A. Bugarin, Wagner de Rossi, I. Costa","doi":"10.1520/mpc20220109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/mpc20220109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18234,"journal":{"name":"Materials Performance and Characterization","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76733553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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